1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-20159-3 SANS 1538:2008Edition 1.2Any reference to SABS 1538 is deemedto be a reference to this standard(Government Notice No. 1373 of 8 No
4、vember 2002)SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Plain-woven glass rovings for glass-reinforced plastics laminates Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 1538:2008 Edition 1.2 Table
5、 of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt 1 2001 Amended to delete the distinction between warp and weft in some test and to add a requirement for tensile strength. Amdt 2 2008 Amended to change the designation of SABS standards to SANS standards, and to update a normative reference and the definition
6、of “acceptable”. Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 1015, Fibre-reinforced plastics products, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in December 2008.
7、This document supersedes SABS 1538:2001 (edition 1.1). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment No. 2. SANS 1538:2008 Edition 1.2 1 Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions . 3 4 Requirements. 4 5 Packing and marking
8、 7 6 Inspection and methods of test 7 6.1 Inspection . 7 6.2 Test specimens and conditioning. 7 6.3 Determination of mass per unit area 8 6.4 Determination of the number of rovings per unit length 8 6.5 Determination of linear density of the rovings 8 6.6 Determination of the width of woven rovings
9、9 6.7 Determination of loss of mass on ignition 9 6.8 Preparation of test panels, and determination of the flexural strength of a standard laminate reinforced with the woven rovings. 10 6.9 Determination of tensile strength . 15 Amdt 1 Figure 1 . 11 Figure 2 . 17 Annex A Notes to purchasers. 19 Anne
10、x B Quality verification of plain-woven glass rovings 19 Annex C General conditions of storage of plain-woven glass rovings 19 Annex D Bibliography 20 SANS 1538:2008 Edition 1.2 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 1538:2008 Edition 1.2 3 Plain-woven glass rovings for glass-reinforced plasti
11、cs laminates 1 Scope This standard specifies the requirements for four types of plain-woven glass rovings of E-type glass filament for use as reinforcement in thermosetting resin systems. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constit
12、ute provisions of this standard. All standards are subject to revision and, since any reference to a standard is deemed to be a reference to the latest edition of that standard, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent editions of
13、 the standards indicated below. Information on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division. ISO 1268-1, Fibre-reinforced plastics Methods of producing test plates Part: General conditions.Amdt 2 ISO 4602, Reinforcements Woven fabrics Determin
14、ation of number of yarns per unit length of warp and weft. SANS 79, Textiles Mass per unit area of conditioned textile fabrics. SANS 82, Width of a textile fabric in a piece or roll. SANS 1446, Glass rovings. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the definitions given in SANS 1446 and the
15、 following definitions apply: 3.1 acceptable acceptable to the authority administering this standard, or to the parties concluding the purchase contract, as relevant Amdt 2 3.2 open (feather) edge the edge of a fabric in which the weft continues beyond the woven field and is not tucked back into the
16、 field SANS 1538:2008 Edition 1.2 4 3.3 plain weave the simplest of all weave interlacings, in which the odd warp rovings operate over one and under one weft roving throughout the fabric, and the even warp rovings reverse this order to under one, over one throughout 3.4 selvedge the longitudinal edg
17、e of a fabric that is formed during weaving by tucking the weft end back into the woven field 3.5 tex a unit for expressing linear density: one tex is the mass, in grams, of one kilometre (or in milligrams, of one metre) of filament, yarn, roving or other textile strand 3.6 warp rovings running in t
18、he direction of the length of a fabric as produced 3.7 weave the pattern of the interlacing of warp and weft in a woven fabric 3.8 weft rovings running in the direction of the width of a fabric as produced, substantially at right angles to the warp 3.9 woven rovings a fabric produced by the interlac
19、ing of warp and weft rovings 4 Requirements 4.1 Types of woven rovings The rovings shall be plain-woven, with selvedged or open edges, and of one of the following types, as required: a) type BD 450; b) type BD 600; c) type BD 800; or d) type UD 315. 4.2 Properties of woven rovings When the propertie
20、s listed in column 1 of table 1 are determined by the appropriate test method given in column 6, the woven rovings shall comply with the requirements given in columns 2 to 5, as appropriate. SANS 1538:2008 Edition 1.2 5 Table 1 Properties of woven rovings 1 2 3 4 5 6 Woven rovings type Property and
21、units BD 450 BD 600 BD 800 UD 315 Test method subclause Mass per unit area 6.3 Nominal, g/m2453 597 802 320 Tolerance*), % 10 10 10 10 Number of rovings per unit length 6.4 Warp1), rovings per 100 mm 25,0 25,0 16,7 31,6 Weft, rovings per 100 mm 19,0 16,5 16,7 18,0 Tolerance, % 5 5 5 5 Linear density
22、 of rovings, tex 6.5 Warp1)900 1 200 2 400 900 Weft 1 200 1 800 2 400 200 Tolerance, % 10 10 10 10 *) A purchaser may obtain a closer tolerance on mass per unit area by special arrangement with the manufacturer. 1) The warp and weft values may be interchanged, but this should be applied consistently
23、 throughout the table. Amdt 14.3 Width of woven rovings When determined in accordance with 6.6, the actual width of the woven rovings shall, unless otherwise required (see annex A), be the nominal stated width (see annex A) subject to a tolerance of the lesser of +1,5 % or 125 mm. 4.4 Sizing 4.4.1 T
24、he filaments of all rovings comprising the woven rovings shall be coated with a size compatible with the resin which will form the polymer matrix of the ultimate laminate. 4.4.2 Unless otherwise required (see annex A), the size shall incorporate a silane coupling agent. Where so required, the presen
25、ce and nature of the coupling agent shall be confirmed by the supplier of the fabric. 4.4.3 The actual size content of the woven rovings af (expressed as a percentage) when determined in terms of loss of mass on ignition in accordance with 6.7, shall not differ from the nominal size content an(expre
26、ssed as a percentage) required (see annex A) by more than one-fifth of the nominal size content, i.e. af= an(1 0,2), or by more than 0,2 % in absolute terms, i.e. af= (an 0,2), whichever is the greater tolerance. SANS 1538:2008 Edition 1.2 6 4.5 General quality The woven rovings shall be uniformly w
27、oven and acceptably free from defects associated with the individual rovings, and defects in weaving. The woven rovings shall be uniform in colour, shall not be streaked or stained, and shall be acceptably free from extraneous contamination (including oil and grease spots), permanent creases, wrinkl
28、es and other distortions including excessive deviation from warp and weft integrity. No part of the woven rovings shall be brittle or fused. 4.6 Flexural strength of a standard laminate reinforced with the woven rovings When determined in accordance with 6.8, the dry flexural strength of a standard
29、laminate containing the woven rovings as reinforcement shall conform to the values given in columns 2 and 3 of table 2 as appropriate to the type of woven rovings given in column 1. The wet strength shall be at least 80 % of the dry-strength value. Table 2 Flexural strengths of standard laminates 1
30、2 3 Minimum flexural strength of a standard laminate MPa Woven rovings type Warp1)direction Weft1)direction BD 450 330 350 BD 600 270 300 BD 800 280 260 UD 315 680 90 1) Warp and weft values may be interchanged. Amdt 14.7 Tensile strength of a standard laminate reinforced with woven rovings When det
31、ermined in accordance with 6.9, the tensile strength of a standard laminate shall conform to the values given in columns 2 and 3 of table 3. Amdt 1 Table 3 Tensile strengths 1 2 3 Minimum tensile strength of a standard laminate MPa Woven rovings type Warp1)direction Weft1)direction BD 450 260 290 BD
32、 600 310 330 BD 800 210 200 UD 315 310 40 1) Warp and weft values may be interchanged. Amdt 1SANS 1538:2008 Edition 1.2 7 5 Packing and marking 5.1 Packing The woven rovings shall be supplied in rolls, each roll formed by rolling a length of the woven rovings onto a tubular core. Each roll shall con
33、sist of a single, continuous length of the woven rovings so wound, or of an acceptable number of lengths suitably “flagged“, as required. The rolls shall be neat and firm, and the core tubes used shall be sufficiently strong to prevent collapse or telescoping of the rolls during transport and storag
34、e. Each roll shall be individually wrapped such that the woven rovings are effectively protected against damage. Rolls shall be securely packed in parcels or boxes, or in another acceptable form of packing (e.g. specially constructed containers). String shall not be used, except on the outside of th
35、e packing. 5.2 Marking Each roll of woven rovings shall bear the following information in clear, legible and permanent marking, both on the core and on the outer packing: a) the suppliers name or trade mark or both; b) the suppliers identification or code number; c) the nominal mass per unit area; d
36、) the date of manufacture; e) the nominal piece length, in metres; f) the nett mass, in kilograms; g) the gross mass, in kilograms; h) the nominal width of the woven rovings, in metres; and i) the maximum strength direction (warp or weft). The primary wrapping of each roll and of each container shal
37、l bear a warning to the effect that rolls of woven rovings shall not be stood or dropped on end. 6 Inspection and methods of test 6.1 Inspection Visually inspect each sample roll for compliance with all the requirements given in clause 5, except the requirement relating to the continuity of the piec
38、e of woven rovings on a roll. Unwind the whole length of the sample roll and examine the woven rovings for compliance with 4.5 and with the requirement in 5.1 relating to the continuity of the piece of woven rovings on a roll. 6.2 Test specimens and conditioning Take from the sample roll the test sp
39、ecimens appropriate to all the tests. Ensure that the specimens are taken from positions at least 5 m from an end of the piece of woven rovings, and at least 50 mm from an edge. Unless otherwise specified in the particular method, condition all test specimens for a SANS 1538:2008 Edition 1.2 8 perio
40、d of at least 16 h at a temperature of 23 C 2 C and a relative humidity of (50 5) %, and conduct the tests under these conditions. 6.3 Determination of mass per unit area Use SANS 79, on a test specimen of size at least 300 mm 300 mm. Check for compliance with 4.2. 6.4 Determination of the number of
41、 rovings per unit length Use the method given in ISO 4602, expressing the result as the number of rovings per 100 mm. Check for compliance with 4.2. 6.5 Determination of linear density of the rovings 6.5.1 Apparatus 6.5.1.1 Balance, accurate to within 1 mg. 6.5.1.2 Steel ruler, of marked length 1 m,
42、 graduated in millimetres. 6.5.1.3 Cutting means, e.g. sharp scissors. 6.5.1.4 Dissection needle. 6.5.2 Test specimens Use a 1 m length of warp rovings and either a) a 1 m length of weft rovings if the woven rovings are of sufficient width, or b) if the woven rovings are less than 1 m wide, three mu
43、tually equal lengths of weft rovings, withdrawn from places at least 100 mm apart, and each of length as near to the width of the woven rovings as is conveniently practicable. 6.5.3 Procedure 6.5.3.1 Avoiding longitudinal stretching and disturbance of the individual rovings, carefully withdraw from
44、the woven rovings, with the aid of the dissection needle if necessary, suitable lengths of weft and warp rovings. 6.5.3.2 Using the minimum tension necessary to ensure that the rovings are straight during the cutting operation, measure and cut off the required lengths of the test specimens. In the c
45、ase of woven rovings of width less than 1 m, make all three weft specimens of equal length and such that their combined length equals 1 m. 6.5.3.3 Determine the mass of each test specimen to the nearest 1 mg. Where three short weft specimens have been cut, determine their combined mass to the neares
46、t 1 mg. 6.5.4 Report 6.5.4.1 For woven rovings of width exceeding 1 m Report the numerical values of the masses of the warp and weft test specimens, in milligrams, as the linear density, in tex, of the warp and weft rovings of the woven rovings, respectively. SANS 1538:2008 Edition 1.2 9 6.5.4.2 For
47、 woven rovings of width not exceeding 1 m Report the linear density, in tex, of the warp rovings as in 6.5.4.1, and the linear density, in tex, of the weft rovings as calculated from the following expression: DmL=3where D is the linear density, in tex, of the weft rovings; M is the combined mass of
48、the three weft test specimens, in grams; L is the length of a weft test specimen, in metres. Check for compliance with 4.2. 6.6 Determination of the width of woven rovings Use SANS 82. Check for compliance with 4.3. 6.7 Determination of loss of mass on ignition 6.7.1 Apparatus 6.7.1.1 Muffle furnace
49、, suitable for heating roving test specimens and maintained at a temperature of 625 C 25 C. 6.7.1.2 Stainless steel mesh tray(s), of a small size and suitable for accommodating one test specimen. 6.7.1.3 Balance, accurate to within 1 mg. 6.7.1.4 Desiccator containing an adequate quantity of suitable desiccant. 6.7.1.5 Stainless steel tweezers or tongs. 6.7.2 Test specimen Use a test specimen of woven rovings of mass approximately 50 g. 6.7.3 Procedure 6.7.3.1 Determine the mass of the test specimen to the nearest 1 mg. 6.7.3.2 Heat
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