1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-23111-8 SANS 15589-1:2009Edition 1ISO 15589-1:2003Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Petroleum and natural gas industries Cathodic p
4、rotection of pipeline transportation systems Part 1: On-land pipelines This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 15589-1:2003 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloo
5、f Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 15589-1:2009 Edition 1 ISO 15589-1:2003 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 59H, Construction Stand
6、ards Buried or immersed metal structures, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in July 2009. This preamble outlines certain characteristics of the South African pipeline network which diffe
7、r slightly from other countries and should be taken into account when using this standard. In South Africa, due to long distances and extensive stray currents, all buried metallic pipelines (including water, oil, gas and other hazardous pipelines) need to be protected against external corrosion by t
8、he application of an external coating and cathodic protection (CP). Materials of construction which include metallic components (such as reinforced or pre-stressed concrete) also require careful consideration in this regard. As a result of the significant stray current interference from the DC tract
9、ion railway system and other CP systems, it is not always possible to achieve the criterion of -1200 mV Cu/CuSO4as the most negative limit of polarized potential on a pipeline. In new installations, due consideration should be given to coating selection to avoid detrimental effects of high negative
10、potentials discussed in this standard. The South African experience has shown that electrical isolation at rail crossings is not effective for stray current mitigation and should only be considered on aboveground installations. Similarly, buried pipelines should be electrically continuous in stray c
11、urrent environments, rather than being made electrically discontinuous. Insulating flanges should be colour coded red and clearly marked for safety reasons. Caution should be exercised in the use of any insulating flanges in aggressive stray current environments due to the possibility of electrolyti
12、c corrosion either side of the insulating flange. In aggressive stray current environments, the practice of bonding adjacent structures to form a common cathode has proved to be an effective means of providing protection and limiting interference. In aggressive stray current environments corrective
13、action where required should be implemented as soon as possible. Due to the presence of stray currents, corrosion of buried structures can happen very quickly, even during construction. For this reason, the application of effective temporary cathodic protection during construction is a vital activit
14、y. No pipe should be buried, without temporary CP. A suitable monitoring programme of the temporary CP should be implemented and maintained throughout the construction period, until the permanent CP system is energized. Monitoring of temporary CP during construction is an onerous and time consuming
15、activity which is critical to the long term integrity of the pipeline. CP infrastructure and components should be designed to be vandal proof. SANS 15589-1:2009 Edition 1 ISO 15589-1:2003 Edition 1 Due cognizance should be taken of the effect of stray currents on the accuracy of overline surveys, an
16、d survey procedures may need to be modified to take these effects into account. For close interval potential surveys, static recorders should be installed simultaneously at test points where the trailing cable is connected to monitor the effect of stray currents. For DCVG surveys, simultaneous readi
17、ngs of the signal strength at test points, as well as the overline to remote earth readings need to be taken to compensate for the effects of stray currents. The methodology for determining the severity of coating defects should be modified for the effects of stray currents otherwise the values will
18、 be incorrect. As the quality of coatings improves, the effects of induced AC on pipelines which are cathodically protected are becoming more significant, both from a safety and corrosion point of view. Due consideration needs to be given to the effective draining of the AC from buried pipelines. Th
19、e use of sacrificial anodes, such as zinc, for draining of AC from buried pipelines needs to be carefully considered under stray current conditions as these anodes can act as current collectors. Software for mathematical modelling of CP systems and AC mitigation is an emerging field and can be usefu
20、l under certain defined conditions, but due cognizance should be taken of the limitations of the models. Reference numberISO 15589-1:2003(E)ISO 2003INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO15589-1First edition2003-11-15Petroleum and natural gas industries Cathodic protection of pipeline transportation systems Part
21、 1: On-land pipelines Industries du ptrole et du gaz naturel Protection cathodique des systmes de transport par conduites Partie 1: Conduites terrestres SANS 15589-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 15589-1:2003(E) PDF
22、disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, part
23、ies accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative
24、to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2003 A
25、ll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country
26、 of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2003 All rights reservedSANS 15589-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription
27、 and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 15589-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 4 5 Design requirements 4 5.1 General. 4 5.2 Design information . 4 5.3
28、Criteria for CP 5 5.4 Predesign investigations 6 5.5 Electrical isolation 7 5.6 Electrical earthing . 8 5.7 Electrical continuity 8 5.8 Current requirements . 8 5.9 Type of CP system and selection of sites 9 6 Impressed-current systems . 10 6.1 Power supply. 10 6.2 Groundbeds. 11 6.3 Current output
29、control and distribution . 13 7 Galvanic-anode systems 14 7.1 General. 14 7.2 Zinc anodes . 14 7.3 Magnesium anodes. 15 7.4 Anode backfill 16 7.5 Cables and cable connections 16 8 Monitoring facilities 16 8.1 General. 16 8.2 Monitoring stations (test posts) 16 8.3 Bonding to other pipelines. 17 8.4
30、Test facilities at cased crossings 17 8.5 Test facilities at isolating joints. 17 8.6 Drain-point test facilities 17 8.7 Miscellaneous monitoring facilities 17 9 Special facilities 17 9.1 Temporary protection. 17 9.2 Protective casings 17 9.3 Parallel power lines or a.c. traction systems .18 9.4 Lig
31、htning protection . 18 9.5 Surge arrestors . 18 9.6 CP cables and cable connections . 18 9.7 Monitoring stations and distribution boxes. 19 10 Commissioning . 20 10.1 General. 20 10.2 Equipment tests 20 10.3 System tests 21 SANS 15589-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved sub
32、scription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 15589-1:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reserved11 Inspection and monitoring .21 11.1 General .21 11.2 Frequencies of inspection21 11.3 Monitoring plan22 11.4 Monitoring equipment.23 11.5 Specialized surveys 23 12 Maintenance and repair 23 13 Documen
33、tation 24 13.1 Design documentation24 13.2 Commissioning documentation.25 13.3 Inspection and monitoring documentation 25 13.4 Operating and maintenance documentation 25 13.5 Maintenance records 26 Annex A (normative) CP measurements 27 Annex B (normative) Electrical interference31 Annex C (informat
34、ive) Fault detection of impressed-current systems during operation35 Annex D (informative) Description of specialized surveys.37 Bibliography40 SANS 15589-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 15589-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All
35、rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subj
36、ect for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IE
37、C) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committ
38、ees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be
39、held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15589-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 2, Pipeline transportation systems. ISO 15589 consists of t
40、he following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries Cathodic protection of pipeline transportation systems: Part 1: On-land pipelines Part 2: Offshore pipelines SANS 15589-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients
41、of the SABS .ISO 15589-1:2003(E) vi ISO 2003 All rights reservedIntroduction Pipeline cathodic protection is achieved by the supply of sufficient direct current to the external pipe surface, so that the steel-to-electrolyte potential is lowered to values at which external corrosion is reduced to an
42、insignificant rate. Cathodic protection is normally used in combination with a suitable protective coating system to protect the external surfaces of steel pipelines from corrosion. External corrosion control in general is covered by ISO 13623. Users of this part of ISO 15589 should be aware that fu
43、rther or differing requirements may be needed for individual applications. This part of ISO 15589 is not intended to inhibit alternative equipment or engineering solutions to be used for the individual application. This may be particularly applicable where there is innovative or developing technolog
44、y. Where an alternative is offered, any variations from this part of ISO 15589 should be identified. SANS 15589-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15589-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1Pet
45、roleum and natural gas industries Cathodic protection of pipeline transportation systems Part 1: On-land pipelines 1 Scope This part of ISO 15589 specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the pre-installation surveys, design, materials, equipment, fabrication, installation, commissioning,
46、 operation, inspection and maintenance of cathodic protection systems for on-land pipelines, as defined in ISO 13623, for the petroleum and natural gas industries. This part of ISO 15589 is applicable to buried carbon steel and stainless steel pipelines on land. It can also apply to landfalls of off
47、shore pipeline sections protected by onshore-based cathodic protection installations. This part of ISO 15589 is also applicable to retrofits, modifications and repairs made to existing pipeline systems. NOTE Special conditions sometimes exist where cathodic protection is ineffective or only partiall
48、y effective. Such conditions can include elevated temperatures, disbonded coatings, thermal-insulating coatings, shielding, bacterial attack and unusual contaminants in the electrolyte. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
49、For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 8044, Corrosion of metals and alloys Basic terms and definitions ISO 13623, Petroleum and natural gas industries Pipeline transportation systems ISO 13847, Petroleum and natural gas industries Pipeline transportation systems Welding of pipelines ASTM G 971),Standard test method for laboratory evaluation of magnesium sacrificial anode test specimens for underground a
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