1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-20608-6 SANS 16063-11:2008Edition 1ISO 16063-11:1999Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Methods for the calibration of vibration and
4、shock transducers Part 1: Primary vibration calibration by laser interferometry This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 16063-11:1999 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road
5、groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 16063-11:2008 Edition 1 ISO 16063-11:1999 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved
6、by National Committee StanSA TC 76, Acoustics, electro-acoustics and vibration, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in January 2008. Reference numberISO 16063-11:1999(E)ISO 1999INTERNATIONALSTA
7、NDARDISO16063-11First edition1999-12-15Methods for the calibration of vibration andshock transducers Part 11:Primary vibration calibration by laserinterferometryMthodes pour ltalonnage des transducteurs de vibrations et de chocs Partie 11: talonnage primaire de vibrations avec interfromtre de laserS
8、ANS 16063-11:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16063-11:1999(E)PDF disclaimerThis PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall notbe ed
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11、. In the unlikely eventthat a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 1999All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical, in
12、cluding photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member bodyin the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 Gb7 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 734 10 79E-mail copyrightiso.chWeb www.iso.chPrinted in
13、 Switzerlandii ISO 1999 All rights reservedSANS 16063-11:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16063-11:1999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword.iv1 Scope12 Uncertainty of measurement13 Requirements for
14、apparatus.23.1 General23.2 Frequency generator and indicator .23.3 Power amplifier/vibrator combination.23.4 Seismic block(s) for vibrator and laser interferometer23.5 Laser .33.6 Interferometer.33.7 Counting instrumentation (for Method 1).43.8 Tunable bandpass filter or spectrum analyser (for Metho
15、d 2).43.9 Instrumentation for zero detection (for Method 2).43.10 Voltage instrumentation, measuring true r.m.s. accelerometer output.43.11 Distortion-measuring instrumentation43.12 Oscilloscope (optional) 43.13 Waveform recorder with computer interface (for Method 3) 53.14 Computer with data-proces
16、sing program (for Method 3) .53.15 Other requirements54 Ambient conditions.65 Preferred accelerations and frequencies66 Common procedure for all three methods67 Method 1: Fringe-counting method.67.1 General67.2 Test procedure.67.3 Expression of results88 Method 2: Minimum-point method.88.1 General88
17、.2 Test procedure.98.3 Expression of results119 Method 3: Sine-approximation method.119.1 General119.2 Test procedure.119.3 Data acquisition.139.4 Data processing.1410 Report of calibration results.15Annex A (normative) Uncertainty components in the primary calibration by laser interferometry ofvibr
18、ation and shock transducers.17Annex B (normative) Formulae for the calculation of acceleration.23Bibliography27SANS 16063-11:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16063-11:1999(E)iv ISO 1999 All rights reservedForewordISO (t
19、he International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISOmember bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technicalcommittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committe
20、e has been established hasthe right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International ElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical
21、 standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at
22、least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 16063 may be the subject ofpatent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.International Standard ISO 16063-11 was prepare
23、d by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration andshock, Subcommittee SC 3, Use and calibration of vibration and shock measuring instruments.This first edition of ISO 16063-11 cancels and replaces ISO 5347-1, which has been technically revised.ISO 16063 consists of the following parts, un
24、der the general title Methods for the calibration of vibration and shocktransducers:Gbe Part 1: Basic conceptsGbe Part 11: Primary vibration calibration by laser interferometryGbe Part 12: Primary vibration calibration by the reciprocity methodGbe Part 13: Primary shock calibration using laser inter
25、ferometryGbe Part 21: Secondary vibration calibrationGbe Part 22: Secondary shock calibrationAnnexes A and B form a normative part of this part of ISO 16063.SANS 16063-11:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STAND
26、ARD ISO 16063-11:1999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reserved 1Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 11:Primary vibration calibration by laser interferometry1 ScopeThis part of ISO 16063 specifies the instrumentation and procedure to be used for primary vibration calibration of
27、rectilinear accelerometers (with or without amplifier) to obtain magnitude and phase lag of the complex sensitivityby steady-state sinusoidal vibration and laser interferometry.It is applicable to a frequency range from 1 Hz to 10 kHz and a dynamic range (amplitude) from 0,1 m/s2to1 000 m/s2(frequen
28、cy-dependent).These ranges are covered with the uncertainty of measurement specified in clause 2. Calibration frequencies lowerthan 1 Hz (e.g. 0,4 Hz, which is a reference frequency used in other International Standards) and accelerationamplitudes smaller than 0,1 m/s2(e.g. 0,004 m/s2at 1 Hz) can be
29、 achieved using Method 3 specified in this part ofISO 16063, in conjunction with an appropriate low-frequency vibration generator.Method 1 (fringe-counting method) is applicable to sensitivity magnitude calibration in the frequency range 1 Hz to800 Hz and, under special conditions, at higher frequen
30、cies (cf. clause 7). Method 2 (minimum-point method) canbe used for sensitivity magnitude calibration in the frequency range 800 Hz to 10 kHz (cf. clause 8). Method 3(sine-approximation method) can be used for magnitude of sensitivity and phase calibration in the frequency range1Hzto10kHz(cf.clause9
31、).Methods 1 and 3 provide for calibrations at fixed acceleration amplitudes at various frequencies. Method 2 requirescalibrations at fixed displacement amplitudes (acceleration amplitude varies with frequency).2 Uncertainty of measurementThe limits of the uncertainty of measurement applicable to thi
32、s part of ISO 16063 shall be as follows.a) For the magnitude of sensitivity:0,5 % of the measured value at reference conditions;u 1 % of the measured value outside reference conditions.b) For the phase shift of sensitivity:0,5 of the measured value at reference conditions;u 1 of the reading outside
33、reference conditions.Recommended reference conditions are as follows:Gbe frequency in hertz: 160, 80, 40, 16 or 8 (or radian frequency G77 = 1 000, 500, 250, 100 or 50 radians persecond);SANS 16063-11:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of
34、 the SABS .ISO 16063-11:1999(E)2 ISO 1999 All rights reservedGbe acceleration in metres per second squared (acceleration amplitude or r.m.s. value): 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 or 1.Amplifier settings shall be selected for optimum performance with respect to noise, distortion and influence fromcut-off fre
35、quencies.NOTE The uncertainty of measurement is expressed as the expanded measurement uncertainty in accordance withISO 16063-1 (referred to in short as uncertainty).3 Requirements for apparatus3.1 GeneralThis clause gives recommended specifications for the apparatus necessary to fulfil the scope of
36、 clause 1 and toobtain the uncertainties of clause 2.If desired, systems covering parts of the ranges may be used, and normally different systems (e.g. exciters) shouldbe used to cover all the frequency and dynamic ranges.NOTE The apparatus specified in this clause covers all devices and instruments
37、 required for any of the three calibrationmethods described in this part of ISO 16063. The assignment to a given method is indicated (cf. Figures 1, 2 and 3).3.2 Frequency generator and indicatorA frequency generator and indicator having the following characteristics shall be used:a) uncertainty of
38、frequency: maximum 0,05 % of reading;b) frequency stability: better than Gb1 0,05 % of reading over the measurement period;c) amplitude stability: better than Gb1 0,05 % of reading over the measurement period.3.3 Power amplifier/vibrator combinationA power amplifier/vibrator combination having the f
39、ollowing characteristics shall be used.a) Total harmonic distortion of acceleration: 2 % maximum.b) Transverse, bending and rocking acceleration: sufficiently small to prevent excessive effects on the calibrationresults. At large amplitudes, preferably in the low-frequency range from 1 Hz to 10 Hz,
40、transverse motion ofless than 1 % of the motion in the intended direction may be required; above 10 Hz to 1 kHz, a maximum of10 % of the axial motion is permitted; above 1 kHz, a maximum of 20 % of the axial motion is tolerated.c) Hum and noise: 70 dB minimum below full output.d) Acceleration amplit
41、ude stability: better than Gb1 0,05 % of reading over the measurement period.The attachment surface shall introduce minimal base strain to the accelerometer (see 3.15).3.4 Seismic block(s) for vibrator and laser interferometerThe vibrator and the interferometer shall be mounted on the same heavy blo
42、ck or on two different heavy blocks soas to prevent relative motion due to ground motion, or to prevent the reaction of the vibrators support structurefrom having excessive effects on the calibration results.SANS 16063-11:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and f
43、reemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16063-11:1999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reserved 3When a common seismic block is used, it should have a mass at least 2 000 times the moving mass. This causesless than 0,05 % re-active vibration of accelerometer and interferometer. If the mass of the seismic block is
44、 smaller,its motion generated by the vibrator shall be taken into account.To suppress disturbing effects of ground motion, the seismic block(s) used in the frequency range from 10 Hz to10 kHz should be suspended on damped springs designed to reduce the uncertainty component due to theseeffects to le
45、ss than 0,1 %.3.5 LaserA laser of the red helium-neon type shall be used.Under laboratory conditions (i.e. at an atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa, temperature of 23 C and relative humidityof 50 %), the wavelength is 0,632 81 G6dm, which is the value used in this part of ISO 16063.If the laser has man
46、ual or automatic atmospheric compensation, this shall be set to zero or switched off.Alternatively, a single-frequency laser may be used with another stable wavelength of known value.3.6 InterferometerAn interferometer of the Michelson type shall be used, with a light detector for sensing the interf
47、erometer signalbands and having a frequency response covering the necessary bandwidth.The maximum bandwidth needed can be calculated from the velocity amplitude, vmax, which has to be measuredusingfvmax max,G3dGb4Gb4G2d316 106m1For Method 1 (see Figure 1) and Method 2 (see Figure 2), a common Michel
48、son interferometer with a single lightdetector is sufficient. For Method 3 (see Figure 3), a modified Michelson interferometer, with quadrature signaloutputs, with two light detectors for sensing the interferometer signal beams, shall be used. The modified Michelsoninterferometer may be constructed
49、according to Figure 4. A quarter wavelength retarder converts the incident,linearly polarized light into two measuring beams with perpendicular polarization states and a phase shift of 90.After interfering with the linearly polarized reference beam, the two components with perpendicular polarizationshall be separated in space using appropriate optics (e.g. a Wollaston prism or a polarizing beamsplitter), anddetected by two photodiodes.The two outputs of the modified Michelson interferometer shall have offsets of less than Gb1 5 % in relation to theam
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