SANS 182-1-2008 Conductors for overhead electrical transmission lines Part 1 Copper wires and stranded copper conductors《高架输电线用导线 第1部分 铜线和铜绞线》.pdf

1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21703-7 SANS 182-1:2008Edition 1.2Any reference to SABS 182-1 is deemedto be a reference to this standard(Government Notice No. 1373 of 8

4、November 2002)SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Conductors for overhead electrical transmission lines Part 1: Copper wires and stranded copper conductors Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.c

5、o.za SABS SANS 182-1:2008 Edition 1.2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt 1 2001 Amended to replace reference standard test methods. Amdt 2 2008 Amended to change the designation of SABS standards to SANS standards, to delete reference to the standardization mark scheme, to update referenced

6、 standards and to correct a definition. Acknowledgement The SABS Standards Division wishes to acknowledge the valuable assistance derived from publications of the International Electrotechnical Commission. Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC66, Electric ca

7、bles, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in September 2008. This document supersedes SABS 182-1:2001 (edition 1.1). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modi

8、fied by amendment No. 2. Preface In this specification tests are not classified as type, sample, or routine tests. The requirements prescribed, if determined in accordance with the appropriate standard test methods on samples taken in accordance with the sampling procedure given in the specification

9、, are a method of assessing whether a product complies with the specification or not. During production control the manufacturer may use whatever tests he deems necessary for ensuring compliance with the specification, but in a case of dispute only the appropriate standard test methods may be used.

10、The frequency of testing required and the tests to be used in the administration of the standardisation mark scheme are the subject of a separate agreement between the Council of the South African Bureau of Standards and the permit holder. Amdt 2 .SANS 182-1:2008 Edition 1.2 1 Contents Page Acknowle

11、dgement Foreword Preface 1 Scope 3 2 Definitions . 3 3 Type and material 4 4 Constructional requirements . 5 5 Packing and marking . 8 6 Sampling and compliance with the specification . 9 7 Inspection and methods of test . 10 8 Constructional tables . 11 Appendixes A Applicable standards . 14 B Note

12、s to purchasers 14 C Standards for copper . 16 D Notes on the calculation of the properties of stranded copper conductors given in table D 17 SANS 182-1:2008 Edition 1.2 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 182-1:2008 Edition 1.2 3 Conductors for overhead electrical transmission lines Part 1

13、: Copper wires and stranded copper conductors 1 Scope 1.1 This part of the specification applies to uninsulated, non-alloyed copper (in the annealed or in the hard-drawn condition) in the form of single wires or stranded conductors and intended for use as a) annealed jointing wire, b) annealed bindi

14、ng wire, c) hard-drawn circular wire for telecommunication purposes, and d) stranded hard-drawn conductors for overhead transmission lines and overhead service connectors. NOTE a) The titles of standards referred to by number in the specification are listed in appendix A. b) Requirements that must b

15、e specified by the purchaser are listed in appendix B. c) Assessment of compliance with the requirements of 3.2.1 and, in the case of stranded conductors, 4.1 requires special agreement between supplier and purchaser. Amdt 2 2 Definitions 2.1 For the purposes of this part of the specification the fo

16、llowing definitions shall apply: acceptable acceptable to the authority administering this standard or to the parties concluding the purchase contract, as relevant Amdt 1 copper copper which complies with the requirements of 3.2.1 defective a coil, reel, or drum of wire or stranded conductor that fa

17、ils in one or more respects to comply with the relevant requirements of the specification Amdt 2 diameter of wire the mean of two measurements at right angles taken at the same cross-section SANS 182-1:2008 Edition 1.2 4 direction of lay the lateral direction of inclination to the axis, either right

18、 hand or left hand, of the receding helix formed by a wire of a stranded conductor NOTE With right hand lay, the wires conform to the direction of the central part of the letter Z when the conductor is held vertically. With left hand lay, the wires conform to the direction of the central part of the

19、 letter S when the conductor is held vertically lay ratio the ratio of the axial length of a complete turn of the helix formed by an individual wire in a stranded conductor to the external diameter of the helix lot not more than 3 000 coils, reels, or drums of copper wire of the same type and standa

20、rd diameter or of stranded copper conductor of the same reference area and construction, and from one manufacturer, submitted at any one time for inspection and testing reference area the cross-sectional area to be used for designation and purchasing purposes standard diameter of wire the wire diame

21、ter on which the requirements for the mass and resistance per unit length and the breaking strength of the wire are based stranded conductor a conductor made up of a number of single wires of the same nominal diameter laid concentrically wire copper of circular cross-section, produced by cold drawin

22、g 3 Type and material 3.1 Type The wire or conductor shall be one of the following types, as specified by the purchaser: a) annealed jointing wire; b) annealed binding wire; c) hard-drawn wire for telecommunication purposes; or d) stranded hard-drawn conductors for overhead transmission lines and ov

23、erhead service connections. 3.2 Material 3.2.1 Copper from which wires are drawn shall be a high conductivity tough pitch copper that complies with the requirements of SANS 804 and, its physical properties shall conform to the relevant values given in IEC 60028 (see appendix C). 3.2.2 Welds are perm

24、itted in rods and wires before final drawing at of the finished wire. SANS 182-1:2008 Edition 1.2 5 4 Constructional requirements 4.1 Wires 4.1.1 General Single wires and the wires (before they are stranded) of a stranded conductor shall comply with the following requirements: a) Diameter. The diame

25、ter of a wire, measured in accordance with 7.2, shall be within the limits given in columns 3 and 4 of table A, or columns 2 and 3 of table B, or columns 2 and 3 of table C, as relevant to the type and standard diameter specified by the purchaser. b) Freedom from defects. The wires shall be smooth,

26、uniform in quality, free from spills, splits, and other defects, and any departure from circularity of the cross-section shall not exceed 1 % of the mean diameter. c) Physical properties. The wires shall be annealed or hard-drawn, as appropriate, and shall, except as allowed in terms of 4.2.1(c), co

27、mply with the following requirements as applicable: 1) Resistance. The resistance of hard-drawn wires, determined in accordance with 7.3, shall not exceed the appropriate maximum given in column 6 of table B, or column 6 of table C, as relevant. 2) Breaking strength. The breaking strength, determine

28、d in accordance with 7.4, shall be i) in the cases of annealed jointing and binding wire and of hard-drawn wires for stranded conductors, at least equal to the appropriate minimum given in tables A or C, as relevant, and ii) in the case of hard-drawn circular wires for telecommunication purposes, wi

29、thin the limits given in columns 7 to 12 of table B, appropriate to the actual wire diameter determined in accordance with 7.2, 3) Elongation at break of jointing and binding wires. The elongation at break of jointing and binding wires, determined in accordance with 7.6 shall be at least 25. 4) Duct

30、ility when lapped. When tested in accordance with 7.5, jointing and binding wires and the wires of stranded conductors shall withstand lapping without showing any sign of cracks (when examined by unaided normal vision) or of breaking. Surface roughness caused by the lapping shall not be regarded as

31、a defect. NOTE The lapping test on jointing and binding wires involves two cycles of unlapping and relapping six turns. That on the hard-drawn wires requires one such cycle. 5) Ductility when twisted. When tested in accordance with 7.7, hard-drawn circular wires for telecommunication purposes (of th

32、e appropriate length given in column 13 of table B) shall withstand the appropriate number of twists specified in column 14 of table B without breaking. SANS 182-1:2008 Edition 1.2 6 6) Tinning of jointing wires. Jointing wires shall be uniformly coated with tin that contains not more than 8 % of co

33、pper and a total of not more than 1 % of other impurities. The quality of the tinning shall be such that, when the wire is subjected to the persulfate test given in 7.8, the mass of copper dissolved does not exceed 2,0 g/m2. 4.1.2 Joints in wires Jointing and binding wires and hard-drawn circular wi

34、res for telecommunication purposes shall be free from joints. 4.1.3 Length Jointing and binding wires and hard-drawn wires for telecommunication purposes shall be supplied in lengths such that the continuity and mass of the wire in a coil complies with the requirements of 5.1(a) and (b) or (c), as r

35、elevant. 4.2 Stranded conductors 4.2.1 Joints in the wires a) There shall be no joints in finished wires of a stranded conductor comprised of seven wires. b) Joints in individual wires of a stranded conductor comprised of at least 19 wires shall be permitted, provided that 1) no two joints are less

36、than 15 m apart in the case of a 19 wire strand and less than 7,5 m apart in the cases of 37 and 61 wire strands. 2) the number of joints in any 1 000 m length of conductor does not exceed four, 3) the joints are made by brazing or welding and are substantially smooth, and 4) the diameter of the str

37、anded conductor is not increased materially by the joint. c) The section of a wire containing a joint shall be exempt from the requirements given in table C. 4.2.2 Stranding The number and diameter of the wires in a stranded conductor shall conform to the values given in column 2 of table D, appropr

38、iate to the reference area specified by the purchaser. The wires in each layer shall be evenly and closely stranded. The stranding shall be such that a) the overall diameter of the stranded conductor complies with the requirements of 4.2.5, b) the diameter, determined in accordance with 7.2, of indi

39、vidual wires taken from the stranded conductor is not more than 1 % below the appropriate minimum and not more than 1 % above the appropriate maximum given in table C, and c) the mean and the minimum breaking strengths, determined in accordance with 7.4, of the individual wires taken from the strand

40、ed conductor are at least 95 % and 90 % respectively of the appropriate minimum given in table C. SANS 182-1:2008 Edition 1.2 7 4.2.3 Direction of lay In all constructions, successive layers of a stranded conductor shall have opposite directions of lay, the outermost layer being right-handed. 4.2.4

41、Lay ratio a) The lay ratio of the different layers shall be within the appropriate limits given in table 1. b) In a stranded conductor having multiple layers of wires, the lay ratio of any layer shall not be greater than the lay ratio of the layer immediately beneath it. Table 1 Lay ratios for stran

42、ded copper conductors 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Lay ratios 6-wire layer 12-wire layer 18-wire layer 24-wire layer Number of wires in conductor max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. 7 19 37 61 17 22 22 22 13 13 13 13 - 16 16 16 - 12 12 12 - - 14 16 - - 10 12 - - - 14 - - - 10 4.2.5 Overall diameter The ove

43、rall diameter of a conductor, determined in accordance with 7.2, shall not exceed the appropriate maximum given in column 3 of table D. 4.2.6 Resistance The resistance of a conductor, determined in accordance with 7.3, shall not exceed the appropriate maximum given in column 5 of table D. 4.2.7 Brea

44、king strength The breaking strength of a conductor, determined in accordance with 7.4, shall be at least equal to the appropriate minimum given in column 6 of table D. 4.2.8 Freedom from defects and foreign matter Stranded conductors shall be free from dirt, grit, excessive amounts of drawing lubric

45、ant and other foreign matter, and from broken wires. 4.2.9 Length Unless stranded conductors of other lengths are specified by the purchaser, the conductors shall be supplied in the manufacturers usual production lengths. In addition, unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, it shall be permissi

46、ble to supply not more than 5 % of the length ordered on any one order in random lengths, provided that no random length is shorter than one-third of the appropriate production length. The actual length of the conductor on a drum or reel shall not differ from the nominal length (i.e. the production

47、length or, when relevant, the length specified by the purchaser) by more than 1 %. SANS 182-1:2008 Edition 1.2 8 5 Packing and marking 5.1 Packing In addition to any special requirements specified by the purchaser, the product shall be packed as follows: a) Continuity. Unless otherwise acceptable, e

48、ach continuous length of wire or stranded conductor shall be packed individually. b) Jointing and binding wires. In coils of inside diameter 230-255 mm, securely bound with an acceptable string or with binding wire. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the mass of each coil shall be 4,5 0,25

49、 kg. c) Hard-drawn wire for telecommunication purposes. In coils of inside diameter 490-510 mm and of mass 45 4 kg. d) Stranded conductors 1) Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the conductor shall be packed on a robust wooden drum or wooden reel that has a barrel of diameter at least 30d, where d is the nominal overall diameter of the conductor. 2) The moisture content of the wood used for fabrication of the drums or reels shall not exceed 15 %. 3) When wooden drums or reels resistant to biological attack are required by the purchaser, the wood shall have been impregnat