1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21019-9 SANS 20078:2008 Edition 2 ECE R78:2007 Revision 1 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Uniform provisions concerning the approval of ve
4、hicles of categories L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4and L 5with regard to braking This national standard is the identical implementation of ECE R78:2007 and is adopted with the permission of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof pri
5、vate bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code +27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 20078:2008 Edition 2 ECE R78:2007 Revision 1 Table of changes
6、 Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 5120.31, Category L vehicles, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in February 2
7、008. This SANS document supersedes SANS 20078:2003 (edition 1 as modified by ECE amdt 1:1990, ECE corr. 1 to ECE amdt 1:1992, and ECE amdt 2:1995). For the compulsory application of this standard, the stringency level, the date of entry into force and any additional requirements, if needed, are publ
8、ished in the applicable compulsory specification in the Government Gazette. Any compulsory introduction of this standard by reference through national or provincial legislation should be subject to stakeholder consultation, before publication in the legislative notice and before the effective date.
9、This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.GE.07- E/ECE/324 E/ECE/TRANS/505 Rev.1/Add.77/Rev.1 20 July 2007 AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE ADOPTION OF UNIFORM TECHNICAL PRESCRIPTIONS FOR WHEELED VEHICLES, EQUIPMENT AND PARTS WHICH CAN BE FITTED
10、AND/OR BE USED ON WHEELED VEHICLES AND THE CONDITIONS FOR RECIPROCAL RECOGNITION OF APPROVALS GRANTED ON THE BASIS OF THESE PRESCRIPTIONS / (Revision 2, including the amendments which entered into force on 16 October 1995) _ Addendum 77: Regulation No. 78 Revision 1 Incorporating all valid text up t
11、o: 01 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 22 November 1990 Corrigendum 1 to the 01 series of amendments, subject of Depositary Notification C.N.115.1992.TREATIES-11 dated 1 July 1992 02 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 8 January 1995 Supplement 1 to the 02 series of amen
12、dments - Date of entry into force: 21 March 1995 Supplement 2 to the 02 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 22 February 1997 Supplement 3 to the 02 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 7 December 2002 03 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 18 June 2007 UNIFORM P
13、ROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4AND L 5WITH REGARD TO BRAKING _ UNITED NATIONS / Former title of the Agreement: Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and
14、Parts, done at Geneva on 20 March 1958. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.E/ECE/324 E/ECE/TRANS/505 Rev.1/Add.77/Rev.1 Regula
15、tion No. 78 page 3 Regulation No. 78 UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4AND L 5WITH REGARD TO BRAKING CONTENTS REGULATION Page 1. Scope . 5 2. Definitions . 5 3. Application for approval 8 4. Approval 8 5. Specifications 10 6. Tests . 14 7. Modi
16、fications of vehicle type or braking system and extension of approval 14 8. Conformity of production 14 9. Transitional provisions 16 10. Penalties for non-conformity of production 16 11. Production definitely discontinued 17 12. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting a
17、pproval tests and of Administrative Departments . 17 ANNEXES Annex 1 - Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued of a type of vehicle of category L with regard to braking pursuant to Regulation No. 78 Annex 1 - Appen
18、dix - List of vehicle data for the purpose of Regulation No. 90 approvals This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.E/ECE/324 E/ECE/TRANS/505 Rev.1/Add.77/Rev.1 Regulation No. 78 page 4 CONTENTS (continued) Annex 2 - Arrangements of appro
19、val marks Annex 3 - Test conditions, procedures and performance requirements This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.E/ECE/324 E/ECE/TRANS/505 Rev.1/Add.77/Rev.1 Regulation No. 78 page 5 1. SCOPE This Regulation applies to vehicles of c
20、ategories L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4and L 5 . 1/ These categories do not include: (a) Vehicles with a Vmax of 25 km/h; (b) Vehicles equipped for disabled riders. 2. DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this Regulation: 2.1. “Antilock brake system (ABS)“ means a system which senses wheel slip and automatically
21、 modulates the pressure producing the braking forces at the wheel(s) to limit the degree of wheel slip. 2.2. “Approval of a vehicle“ means the approval of a vehicle type with regard to braking. 2.3. “Baseline test“ means a stop or a series of stops carried out in order to confirm the performance of
22、the brake prior to subjecting it to a further test such as the heating procedure or wet brake stop. 2.4. “Brake“ means those parts of the brake system where the forces opposing the movement of the vehicle are developed. 2.5. “Brake system“ means the combination of parts consisting of the control, tr
23、ansmission, and brake, but excluding the engine, whose function it is to progressively reduce the speed of a moving vehicle, bring it to a halt, and keep it stationary when halted. 2.6. “Combined brake system (CBS)“ means: For vehicle categories L 1and L 3 : a service brake system where at least two
24、 brakes on different wheels are operated by the actuation of a single control. For vehicle categories L 2and L 5 : a service brake system where the brakes on all wheels are operated by the actuation of a single control. For vehicle category L 4 : a service brake system where the brakes on at least t
25、he front and rear wheels are operated by the actuation of a single control. (If the rear wheel 1/ As defined in Annex 7 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), (document TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.1/Amend.2 as last amended by Amend.4). This standard may only be used and print
26、ed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.E/ECE/324 E/ECE/TRANS/505 Rev.1/Add.77/Rev.1 Regulation No. 78 page 6 and sidecar wheel are braked by the same brake system, this is regarded as the rear brake.) 2.7. “Components of the braking system“ means one of the individual parts
27、which, when assembled, constitute the braking system. 2.8. “Control“ means the part actuated directly by the rider in order to supply or control the energy required for braking the vehicle to the transmission. 2.9. “Different types of braking systems“ means devices which differ in such essential res
28、pects as: (a) Components having different characteristics; (b) A component made of materials having different characteristics, or a component differing in shape or size; (c) A different assembly of the components. 2.10. “Driver mass“ means the nominal mass of a driver that shall be 75 kg (subdivided
29、 into 68 kg occupant mass at the seat and 7 kg luggage mass). 2.11. “Engine disconnected“ means when the engine is no longer connected to the driving wheel(s). 2.12. “Gross vehicle mass“ or “maximum mass“ means the technically permissible maximum laden mass as declared by the manufacturer. 2.13. “In
30、itial brake temperature“ means the temperature of the hottest brake before any brake application. 2.14. “Laden“ means so loaded as to attain the gross vehicle mass as defined in paragraph 2.12. 2.15. “Lightly loaded“ means mass in running order plus 15 kg for test equipment, or the laden condition,
31、whichever is less. In the case of ABS tests on a low friction surface (Annex 3, paras. 9.4. to 9.7.), the mass for test equipment is increased to 30 kg to account for outriggers. 2.16. “Mass in running order“ means the sum of the unladen vehicle mass and driver mass. 2.17. “Peak braking coefficient
32、(PBC)“ means the measure of tyre to road surface friction based on the maximum deceleration of a rolling tyre. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.E/ECE/324 E/ECE/TRANS/505 Rev.1/Add.77/Rev.1 Regulation No. 78 page 7 2.18. “Power-as
33、sisted braking system“ means a brake system in which the energy necessary to produce the braking force is supplied by the physical effort of the rider assisted by one or more energy supplying devices, for example vacuum assisted (with vacuum booster). 2.19. “Secondary brake system“ means the second
34、service brake system on a vehicle equipped with a combined brake system. 2.20. “Service brake system“ means a brake system which is used for slowing the vehicle when in motion. 2.21. “Single brake system“ means a brake system which acts on only one axle. 2.22. “Split service brake system (SSBS)“ mea
35、ns a brake system that operates the brakes on all wheels, consisting of two or more subsystems actuated by a single control designed so that a single failure in any subsystem (such as a leakage type failure of a hydraulic subsystem) does not impair the operation of any other subsystem. 2.23. “Stoppi
36、ng distance“ means the distance travelled by the vehicle from the point the rider begins to actuate the brake control to the point at which the vehicle reaches a full stop. For tests where the simultaneous actuation of two controls is specified, the distance travelled is taken from the point the fir
37、st control is actuated. 2.24. “Test speed“ means the vehicle speed measured the moment the driver begins to actuate the brake control(s). For tests where the simultaneous actuation of two controls is specified, the vehicle speed is taken from the point the first control is actuated. 2.25. “Transmiss
38、ion“ means the combination of components that provide the functional link between the control and the brake. 2.26. “Unladen vehicle mass“ means the nominal mass of the vehicle as indicated by the manufacturer(s) including all factory fitted equipment for normal operation of that vehicle (e.g. fire e
39、xtinguisher, tools, spare wheel), plus coolant, oils, 90 per cent of fuel and 100 per cent of other gas or liquids, as specified by the manufacturer. 2.27. “Vehicle type“ means a sub-category of L-category vehicles which do not differ in such essential respects as: (a) The vehicle category, as defin
40、ed in the Consolidated Resolution (R.E.3); (b) The gross vehicle mass, as defined in paragraph 2.12.; (c) The distribution of the mass between the axles; (d) Vmax; This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.E/ECE/324 E/ECE/TRANS/505 Rev.1/
41、Add.77/Rev.1 Regulation No. 78 page 8 (e) A different type of braking device; (f) The number and arrangement of the axles; (g) The engine type; (h) The number and ratios of gears; (i) The final drive ratios; (j) The tyre dimensions. 2.28. “Vmax“ means either the speed attainable by accelerating at a
42、 maximum rate from a standing start for a distance of 1.6 km on a level surface, with the vehicle lightly loaded, or the speed measured in accordance with ISO 7117:1995. 2.29. “Wheel lock“ means the condition that occurs when there is a slip ratio of 1.00. 3. APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL 3.1. The applic
43、ation for approval of a vehicle type with regard to braking shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his duly accredited representative. 3.2. It shall be accompanied by the under mentioned documents in triplicate and by the following particulars: 3.2.1. A description of the vehicle type
44、with regard to the items specified in paragraph 2.27. The numbers and/or symbols identifying the vehicle type and the engine type shall be specified; 3.2.2. A list of components, duly identified, constituting the braking device; 3.2.3. A diagram of the assembled braking system and an indication of t
45、he position of its components on the vehicle; 3.2.4. Detailed drawings of each component to enable it to be easily located and identified. 3.3. A vehicle, representative of the vehicle type to be approved, shall be submitted to the technical service responsible for conducting the approval tests. 4.
46、APPROVAL 4.1. If the vehicle type submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation meets the requirements of paragraphs 5. and 6. below, approval of that vehicle type shall be granted. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.E/ECE/324
47、 E/ECE/TRANS/505 Rev.1/Add.77/Rev.1 Regulation No. 78 page 9 4.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits (at present 03 corresponding to the 03 series of amendments) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendm
48、ents made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party shall not assign the same number to the same vehicle type equipped with another type of braking device, or to another vehicle type. 4.3. Notice of approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval o
49、r production definitely discontinued of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation. 4.4. There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place specified on the approval form, to every vehicle conforming to a vehicle type approved under this Regulation an international approval mark consisting of: 4.4.1. A circle surrounding the letter “E“ followed by the distinguishing number of the country wh
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