SANS 22134-2008 Practical guidelines for socioterminology《社会术语学的实用指南》.pdf

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3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22210-9 SANS 22134:2008 Edition 1 ISO/TR 22134:2007 Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Practical guidelines for socioterminology Thi

4、s national standard is the identical implementation of ISO/TR 22134:2007 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 156

5、8 www.sabs.co.za SABS This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 22134:2008 Edition 1 ISO/TR 22134:2007 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee

6、SABS TC 37, Terminology and other language and content resources, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in November 2008. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription

7、and freemailing clients of the SABS. Reference number ISO/TR 22134:2007(E) ISO 2007TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 22134 First edition 2007-04-01 Practical guidelines for socioterminology Lignes directrices pratiques pour la socioterminologie SANS 22134:2008This standard may only be used and printed by appr

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13、2134:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/TR 22134:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope. 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Object of the document 3 5

14、 Basic concepts of socioterminology 3 5.1 Socioterminology 3 5.2 Terminology planning 5 5.3 Technolect. 5 5.4 Neology 5 6 General principles in socioterminology . 5 6.1 General. 5 6.2 Objectives of terminology work 6 6.3 General terminology standardization principles . 7 6.4 Objective and role of te

15、rminology standardization.7 6.5 Basic requirements of terminology standardization. 7 6.6 Contribution of socioterminology to standardization. 8 6.7 Harmonization of terms 9 6.8 Linguistic and terminological standards 10 6.9 Terminology standardization as an integral part of linguistic policies. 11 6

16、.10 Socioterminology and localization . 12 6.11 Linguistic localization as an application of sociolinguistics . 13 7 Methodology principles 14 7.1 General. 14 7.2 Usage. 14 7.3 Terminology variation 15 7.4 Socioterminological acceptability. 15 Bibliography . 16 SANS 22134:2008This standard may only

17、be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/TR 22134:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Int

18、ernational Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison w

19、ith ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of techni

20、cal committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circ

21、umstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is

22、 entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for iden

23、tifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 22134 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Terminology and other language and content resources, Subcommittee SC 1, Principles and methods. SANS 22134:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clien

24、ts of the SABS.ISO/TR 22134:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Introduction Terminology standardization has always been the prerogative of experts in terminology, the latter dealing exclusively with technolects. In this context, the principles, method and vocabularies drawn up by terminologists

25、are not always suitable for the speakers communities which are heterogeneous. This situation does not lend itself to permitting mutual understanding between these linguistic communities. Socioterminology which is linked to localization facilitates communication between different socioprofessional gr

26、oups. It studies terminologies, placing them within the social context where the concepts appear, are defined and are named. It unites the specialized concepts with a community of speakers. In this way, socioterminology enables terminological practices to be adapted to the target languages and lingu

27、istic communities addressed by the linguistic work. The drafting of practical guidelines for socioterminology is an attempt to match what is said and what is done in the daily life of speakers. Although the methodological principles drawn up by planning terminologists seem to have a relatively unive

28、rsal spread, the ensuing practices on the other hand shall be adapted to the targeted linguistic communities. It is in this context that this Technical Report will be used for the interpretation and usage of the other TC 37 documents within the perspective of cultural and linguistic diversity and, t

29、herefore, within the meaning of terminology planning practice on the world scale. This Technical Report will also be used as a basis for future work within TC 37/SC 1. In 2007, this subcommittee intends to undertake the preparation of a series of practical guidelines derived from ISO 704 and ISO 860

30、 in order to facilitate the implementation of these International Standards in the terminology practice. SANS 22134:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 22134:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscr

31、iption and freemailing clients of the SABS.TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 22134:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Practical guidelines for socioterminology 1 Scope This Technical Report proposes guidelines for socioterminology principles, methods and vocabularies. 2 Normative references The following

32、referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1087-1:2000, Terminology work Vocabulary Part 1: Theory and

33、 application 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1087-1 and the following apply. 3.1 language planning any intervention of a national, international or social body aiming at the definition of the functions or the status of one or more con

34、current languages in a territory, or aiming at the standardization or instrumentalization of one or more languages so that these languages can fulfil their assigned functions in the frame of a predetermined linguistic policy NOTE Language planning can include status planning as well as corpus planni

35、ng. 3.2 terminology planning activity aimed at developing, improving, disseminating and implementing the terminology of a subject field NOTE Terminology planning involves all aspects of terminology work and has among other objectives that of achieving vocabulary control through such normative docume

36、nts as thesauri and terminology standards. ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.6.4 3.3 subject field domain field of special knowledge NOTE The borderlines of a subject field are defined from a purpose-related point of view. ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.1.2 SANS 22134:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved

37、 subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/TR 22134:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved3.4 concept harmonization activity for reducing or eliminating minor differences between two or more concepts which are already closely related to each other NOTE Concept harmonization is an integral

38、 part of standardization. ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.6.5 3.5 term harmonization activity leading to the designation of one concept in different languages by terms which reflect the same or similar characteristics or have the same or slightly different forms ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.6.6 3.6 special language langua

39、ge for special purposes LSP technolect language used in a subject field and characterized by the use of specific linguistic means of expression NOTE The specific linguistic means of expression always include subject-specific terminology and phraseology and may also cover stylistic or syntactic featu

40、res. ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.1.3 3.7 localization adaptation of a product or communication to a community of speakers with respect to cultural, linguistic, legal, political and technological factors 3.8 neologism new term coined for a given concept NOTE Although neoterms sometimes rename established conc

41、epts, they usually name new concepts. ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.7 3.9 terminology standardization establishment of terminology standards or of terminology sections in technical standards, and their approval by an authoritative body ISO 1087-1:1990, 8.3 3.10 linguistic policy any kind of decision made by

42、a state, a government or a recognized or authorized organization, aiming at the orientation of the utilization of one or more languages in a virtual or real territory NOTE A linguistic policy stands at the level of the determination of objectives. The fields of intervention of linguistic policies ar

43、e various and may cover any category of activities of a society. SANS 22134:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/TR 22134:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 3.11 socioterminology approach of terminology work based on the

44、sociological, cultural and sociolinguistic characteristics of a linguistic community, aiming at the study and the development of its technolects in accordance with those characteristics 3.12 terminology work work concerned with the systematic collection, description, processing and presentation of c

45、oncepts and their designations ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.6.1 4 Object of the document The ultimate object of this Technical Report is to provide methodological guidelines for the interpretation and use of other TC 37 documents within the perspective of cultural and linguistic diversity. It aims to establis

46、h a system of concepts applicable to terminology work in the sociolinguistical context and to reinforce the social character of terminology. In the short term, it provides the necessary foundations to implement these methodological orientations. This Technical Report aims to meet the requirements of

47、 the linguistic market which oscillates between the localization pole and the intercomprehension pole and to lead to a new concept of standardization and terminology harmonization that takes account of social linguistics. Three sections make up the framework of this Technical Report; they are basic

48、concepts, general principles, methodological principles of socioterminology. 5 Basic concepts of socioterminology 5.1 Socioterminology 5.1.1 General In socioterminology, everything that is spoken, even in scientific and technical fields, constitutes an act of language. Every act of language is based

49、 on a mode of perception, on a mode of appropriation and on a mode of expression of the actual situation, all of which include cultural and sociolinguistic characteristics. Socioterminology (3.11) was born from a quite precise need to unite specialized concepts to a community of speakers. It is concerned with the dissemination of terms and their development and perceives the scientific and technical term from a purely communicational viewpoint, in contrast to the normative attitude, which favours a conceptual viewpoint. Socio