SANS 2417-2009 Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of static absorption of water《皮革 物理和机械试验 静态吸水性的测定》.pdf

1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22851-4 SANS 2417:2009Edition 1ISO 2417:2002Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Leather Physical and mechanical tests Determination o

4、f the static absorption of water This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 2417: 2002 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27

5、 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 2417:2009 Edition 1 ISO 2417:2002 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 1016A, Test methods leather and footwear Test methods for leather and

6、 footwear, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in August 2009. Reference numberISO 2417:2002(E)IULTCS/IUP 7ISO 2002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO2417IULTCS/IUP7Second edition2002-12-15Leather

7、Physical and mechanical tests Determination of the static absorption of water Cuir Essais physiques et mcaniques Dtermination de labsorption statique deau SANS 2417:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 2417:2002(E) PDF disc

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10、he file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2002 All r

11、ights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of

12、the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2002 All rights reservedSANS 2417:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and fr

13、eemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 2417:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword.iv1Scope12Normative references13Principle14Apparatus.15Sampling and sample preparation.26Procedure.27Expression of results38Test report3SANS 2417:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by a

14、pproved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 2417:2002(E) iv ISO 2002 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is nor

15、mally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in

16、the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepar

17、e International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that som

18、e of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 2417 was prepared by the Physical Test Commission of the International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies (IUP Commission, I

19、ULTCS) in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 289, Leather, the secretariat of which is held by UNI, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). It is based on IUP 7 originally published

20、in J. Soc. Leather Trades Chemists 44, p. 367, (1960) and declared an official method of the IULTCS in 1961. This updated version was published in J. Soc. Leather Tech. Chem. 84, p. 323, (2000) and reconfirmed asan official method in March 2001. The same principle is used but the text has been updat

21、ed and includes the number of test pieces to be taken. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 2417:1972), which has been technically revised. SANS 2417:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL

22、 STANDARD ISO 2417:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1Leather Physical and mechanical tests Determination of the static absorption of water 1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method for determining the water absorption of leather under static conditions.The method is applicable to all

23、 leather, particularly heavy leather.ISO 2418 Leather - Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests - Sampling locationISO 2419 Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Sample preparation and conditioningISO 2420 Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of apparent densityIS

24、O 3696 : 1987Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods3 PrincipleA test piece of known mass or volume is immersed in water for a known period of time and the volume of waterabsorbed measured.4 Apparatus4.1 Glass Kubelka apparatus, as shown in Figure 1. The graduated scale

25、shall be readable to 0,1 ml with anaccuracy of 0,1 ml. The total volume of the bulb (A) and the graduated tube shall be 75 ml 2 ml.4.2 Rubber stopper (C), fitted with a glass rod or a nickel or stainless steel wire of diameter about 1 mm and ofsufficient length to keep the test piece at the end of t

26、he cylinder (B) distant from the stopper (C).Figure 1 Kubelka apparatus and stopper (all dimensions in millimetres)2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated refer

27、ences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. SANS 2417:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 2417:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All rights reserved4.3 Press knife, the inner wall of which is

28、a right angled circular cylinder of diameter 70 mm 1 mm as specifiedin ISO 2419.4.4 Balance, reading to 0,001 g.4.5 Distilled or de-ionised water, conforming to the requirements of grade 3 of ISO 3696 : 1987.5 Sampling and sample preparation5.1 Sample in accordance with ISO 2418. From the sample, cu

29、t three test pieces by applying the press knife (4.3) tothe grain surface. Condition the test pieces in accordance with ISO 2419.NOTE If there is a requirement for more than two hides or skins to be tested in one batch, then only one sample need betaken from each hide or skin, provided that the over

30、all total is not less than three test pieces.5.2 Weigh the test piece to the nearest 0,001 g or determine its volume in accordance with ISO 2420.5.3 Carry out all further operations at a temperature of 20 C 2 C or 23 C 2 C. There is no further need forhumidity control.6 Procedure6.1 Ensure that the

31、Kubelka apparatus (4.1) is clean and free of grease. Wet the interior surfaces with distilled orde-ionized water (4.5) and pour out the excess.6.2 Place the apparatus with the bulb (A) directly below the cylinder (B) and fill with sufficient distilled or de-ionized water (4.5) at 20 C 2 C or 23 C 2

32、C to give a water level between 0 ml and 1 ml on the graduatedscale. Record the scale reading.6.3 Place the test piece in the cylinder (B) and pour the water from the bulb (A) into the cylinder. Close thecylinder with the stopper (C) to prevent evaporation losses and place the apparatus on a level s

33、urface.6.4 After the test piece has been immersed for a specific time (see note 1 to 6.5) turn the apparatus so that thewater drains into the bulb. 1 min after drainage, note the scale reading at the water level and calculate the volumeof water absorbed.6.5 If the water absorption is required at oth

34、er time intervals, turn the apparatus immediately so that the waterflows back into the cylinder (B) and again covers the test piece. Repeat the operation in 6.4.NOTE 1 For most purposes measurements after two periods of immersion are sufficient. If possible, the periods should betaken from the follo

35、wing, 15 min 0,2 min; 30 min 0,2 min; 60 min 0,5 min; 120 min 0,5 min; 24 h 0,1 h.NOTE 2 The periods of 1 min during which the water is being drained back are not to be considered as part of periods ofimmersion which precede them, but shall be considered as parts of subsequent periods of immersion.

36、For example, if the waterabsorptions during periods of immersion of 15 min and 60 min are to be measured on the same test piece, and the instant offirst immersion is at time zero, subsequent actions will be as follows:at 15 min, begin drainingat 16 min, read off the residual volume and immediately r

37、e-immerse the test piece.at 60 min, begin drainingat 61 min, read off the residual volume.SANS 2417:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 2417:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 37 Expression of resultsCalculate the water

38、absorption, Q, (%V/m) in millilitres per 100 g, using equation (1); or calculate the waterabsorption, P, (%V/V) in millilitres per 100 ml, using equation (2).1001mVQ (1)10021VVP (2)where:V1is the volume of water absorbed in millilitres as determined in 6.4;V2 is the volume of the test piece in milli

39、litres as determined in 5.2 (see note);m is the mass of the test piece in grams as determined in 5.2.NOTEISO 2420 determines the volume in cubic millimetres. Thus it must be divided by 1000 to give the correctvalue of V2 in millilitres.8 Test reportThe test report shall include the following.a) refe

40、rence to this International Standard, i.e. ISO 2417:2002;b) the mean water absorption (in millilitres per 100 g, Q, or in millilitres per 100 ml, P) for each period ofimmersion;c) the standard atmosphere used for conditioning and testing as given in ISO 2419 (i.e., 20 C/65 % rh or 23C/50 % rh);d) an

41、y deviations from the method specified in this International standard;e) full details for identification of the sample and any deviation from ISO 2418 with respect to sampling. SABSSANS 2417:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS

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