SANS 24729-2-2009 Information technology - Radio frequency identification for item management - Implementation guidelines Part 2 Recycling and RFID tags《信息技术 项目管理射频识别 执行指南 第2部分 回收及.pdf

1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22348-9 SANS 24729-2:2009 Edition 1 ISO/IEC TR 24729-2:2008 Edition 1 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Information technology Radio frequen

4、cy identification for item management Implementation guidelines Part 2: Recycling and RFID tags This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO/IEC TR 24729-2:2008, and is adopted with the permission of the International Electrotechnical Commission. Published by SABS Standards Division

5、 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS. SANS 24729-2:2009 Edition 1 ISO/IEC TR 24729-2:2008 Edition 1 Table of c

6、hanges Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 71K, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/

7、TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in March 2009. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS. Reference number ISO/IEC TR 24729-2:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 24729-2 First edition 2008-04-15Information tech

8、nology Radio frequency identification for item management Implementation guidelines Part 2: Recycling and RFID tags Technologies de linformation Identification de radiofrquences pour la gestion ditems Lignes directrices pour la mise en uvre Partie 2: Recyclage et repres RFID SANS 24729-2:2008This st

9、andard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/IEC TR 24729-2:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope. 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 3 Symbols (and abbreviated terms) . 1 4 Using RFID tagging to improve the e

10、nvironment 2 4.1 Use of RFID to improve waste stream recycling .2 4.1.1 Tracking waste with RFID 2 4.1.2 Recycle process mark 2 4.2 Recycle process automation . 2 5 Recycling of RF tags 3 5.1 General. 3 5.2 Passive tags 3 5.2.1 Overview 3 5.2.2 Passive RFID tags and presently recycled materials3 5.2

11、.3 Recycling. 6 5.2.4 Disposal of passive tags as waste 7 5.2.5 Other regulatory considerations . 7 5.3 Active tags. 8 5.3.1 General. 8 5.3.2 Presently recycled material. 8 5.3.3 Reuse of active tags . 9 Annex A (informative) Recycle streams. 10 Annex B (informative) Chemical make-up of a typical pa

12、ssive RF tag. 11 Annex C (informative) Chemical make-up of a typical active RF tag 12 Annex D (informative) Fibre Box Association National Council for Air and Streams Improvement . 13 Annex E (informative) Confederation of European Paper Industries . 14 Annex F (informative) Society of Plastic Engin

13、eers . 15 Annex G (informative) Society of Plastic Industries. 16 Annex H (informative) Glass Packaging Institute . 17 Annex I (informative) Steel Recycling Institute . 18 Annex J (informative) Aluminium Association 19 Annex K (informative) Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries . 20 Annex L (infor

14、mative) Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament . 21 Annex M (informative) Restriction Of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament 22 Annex N (informative) End of Live Vehicle (ELV) 23 Annex O (informative) H

15、ome Electronics Recycling Law (HERL) in Japan . 24 Annex P (informative) Extended Producer Responsibility Program (EPRP) in Korea 26 Annex Q (informative) Prohibited and Allowable Substances List . 27 Bibliography . 28 SANS 24729-2:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscript

16、ion and freemailing clients of the SABS. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/IEC TR 24729-2:2008(E) iv ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International

17、Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of t

18、echnical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint te

19、chnical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are

20、 circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, the joint technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report of one of the following types: t

21、ype 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts; type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an Internat

22、ional Standard; type 3, when the joint technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example). Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decid

23、e whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the s

24、ubject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC TR 24729-2, which is a Technical Report of type 2, was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification a

25、nd data capture techniques. ISO/IEC TR 24729 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Implementation guidelines: Part 1: RFID-enabled labels and packaging supporting ISO/IEC 18000-6C Part 2: Recycling and RFID

26、tags The following part is under preparation: Part 3: Implementation and operation of UHF RFID interrogator systems in logistics applications SANS 24729-2:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 24729-2:2

27、008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved 1 Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Implementation guidelines Part 2: Recycling and RFID tags 1 Scope Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is positioned to serve as a significant enabler in the recycling of various type

28、s of products; notably home appliances and electronics. At the same time various recycling streams are challenged by the possibility of RF tags being attached to recycled material, notably glass and steel. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in

29、ISO/IEC 19762-1 and ISO/IEC 19762-3 apply. 3 Symbols (and abbreviated terms) For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 19762-1, ISO/IEC 19762-3, and the following apply. ELV End of Life Vehicle (European Union) EPRP Extended Producer Responsibility Program

30、 (Korea) HERL Home Electronics Recycling Law (Japan) iNEMI international Electronics Manufacturing Initiative IC Integrated Circuit OCC Old Corrugated Cartons PET Polyethylene Terephthalate PBB Polybrominated Biphenyls PBDE Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ppm parts per million RF Radio Frequency RFID

31、 Radio Frequency Identification RoHS Restriction Of Hazardous Substances TID Tag Identification UHF Ultra-High Frequency WEEE Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment SANS 24729-2:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/IEC TR

32、24729-2:2008(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved4 Using RFID tagging to improve the environment 4.1 Use of RFID to improve waste stream recycling The last savings that RFID tagging will provide is identifying the appropriate recycle stream for the container or item to which the RFID tag is adhered

33、. This is especially true of containers/items that have been disposed of by consumers. The greatest problem is co-mingled consumer streams where separating corrugate, newsprint, magazines, various types of plastic, steel, and aluminium (Al) is either done manually or with expensive sensors. This use

34、 of RFID to identify and separate the different recycle streams for containers is not yet in place as of mid 2007. However AIM, the multiple waste stream trade associations and governmental environmental offices will be cooperating to define recycle stream identifiers. 4.1.1 Tracking waste with RFID

35、 Emerging as law or regulation throughout the world are a variety of initiatives to track an item for its life and assign responsibility for its End of Life handling. These initiatives include: Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive in the European Union (WEEE) End of Life Vehicle (ELV)

36、 in the European Union Home Electronics Recycling Law (HERL) in Japan Extended Producer Responsibility Program (EPRP) in Korea A component of all these regulations/laws is to know precisely which recycle stream an item should enter and which entity should bear the cost of end of life or recycling. M

37、any of these expect serialization of the components with a registry of present owners and the end of life responsible entity. Thought leaders associated with all these have identified RFID tagging as a technology to execute the requirements of the regulations/laws in the most efficient fashion. Howe

38、ver, as of mid 2007, only isolated pilots are being run and no additions to regulations or trade association guidelines requiring RFID identity have occurred. 4.1.2 Recycle process mark A data element that a license plate RFID tag will point to is the recycle stream the container or item is to follo

39、w. AIM will petition ISO to incorporate and define a compact location in the memory of each RFID tag to point to the appropriate recycle stream for the tagged package or product. In addition to a human readable mark, the RFID tag will provide a Recycle Process Mark in at least one of the following w

40、ays: a field in the tag memory that identifies the recycle stream a data element in the publicly available central data base that identifies the recycle stream Annex A provides a list of European recycle streams. 4.2 Recycle process automation It is assumed that recyclers will install automated proc

41、esses that will singulate the recycled containers so they may be reliably identified with the RFID tags. Once identified the container to be recycled will be routed to the correct recycle stream where the RFID tag and container will be handled as described by the trade association guidelines SANS 24

42、729-2:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/IEC TR 24729-2:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved 3 5 Recycling of RF tags 5.1 General Consideration of Recycling and RFID in this document is split between passive tags and ac

43、tive tags. Generally passive tags reflect and modulate an interrogator-generated signal and are powered externally by harvesting energy from the field created by an interrogator in the vicinity of the passive tag. Active tags generate a radio signal and usually carry some source of energy that allow

44、s operation without the presence of an external power source. Most frequently the on-board source of energy is a chemistry-based battery. 5.2 Passive tags 5.2.1 Overview Passive tag technology typically does not use an internal source of power but usually relies on power provided by the interrogator

45、. They are simple in construction and lower in cost when compared to active tag technology. Annex B shows the constituent makeup of a typical UHF passive tag. The major constituents in RFID tags are: PET One form of RFID tags uses copper (Cu) or aluminium etched from a PET (polyethylene terephthalat

46、e) substrate. The substrate also acts as a high tensile carrier for tag making and application. To dispose of PET, it can be incinerated (produces only CO 2and H 2 O) or handled as basic landfill waste. Al The third most plentiful element in the world is relatively benign and has a substantial recyc

47、ling infrastructure in place in the developed world. PET substrate with aluminium can be incinerated and the Al can be collected to be used as recycled raw material for other purposes. For example one plant in Varkaus, Finland (Corenso United) incinerates Al containing juice/milk cans and Al is coll

48、ected separately. Aluminium and Al containing material can be normally handled also as landfill waste. Cu Pound for pound, copper is much more expensive than Aluminium with recycle infrastructure in place where copper makes up a larger percent of the recycle waste than it appears in RFID tags. Coppe

49、r is a bit more problematic in the presence of other elements that are reclaimed by furnaces. Copper tends to impact these other furnace process if available in a substantial quantity. PET substrate material containing copper can be incinerated in a special incineration oven, however it is normally not recommended due to the very high incineration temperatures and special ovens needed. Cu can be handled as common landfill waste in many countries, but not in all. Ag - The most expensive conductor used in RF