SANS 25012-2009 Software engineering - Software product quality requirements and evaluation (SQuaRE) - Data quality model《软件工程 软件产品质量要求和评定(SQuaRE) 数据质量模型》.pdf

1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22971-9 SANS 25012:2009Edition 1 ISO/IEC 25012:2008Edition 1 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Software engineering Software products qualit

4、y requirements and evaluation (SQuaRE) data quality model This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO/IEC 25012:2008, and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission. Published by SABS Standa

5、rds Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 25012:2009 Edition 1 ISO/IEC 25012:2008 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National C

6、ommittee SABS SC 71C, Information technology Systems and software engineering, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in August 2009. Reference numberISO/IEC 25012:2008(E)ISO/IEC 2008INTERNAT

7、IONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC25012First edition2008-12-15Software engineering Software productQuality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Data quality model Ingnierie du logiciel Exigences de qualit et valuation du produit logiciel (SQuaRE) Modle de la qualit des donnes SANS 25012:2009This s tandard may o

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12、ical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.

13、org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedSANS 25012:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC 25012:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Co

14、nformance. 2 3 Normative references . 2 4 Terms and definitions. 2 5 Data quality 4 5.1 Overview 4 5.1.1 Inherent data quality. 4 5.1.2 System dependent data quality. 4 5.2 Data quality model 4 5.3 Data quality characteristics . 6 5.3.1 Inherent point of view. 6 5.3.2 Inherent and system dependent p

15、oint of view 7 5.3.3 System dependent point of view. 10 Annex A (informative) Terms and definitions from ISO/IEC 25000 . 11 Bibliography . 13 SANS 25012:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC 25012:2008(E) iv ISO/IEC 2008

16、 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Stan

17、dards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and

18、 IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee

19、is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the pos

20、sibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 25012 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 7, Software

21、 and systems engineering. ISO/IEC 25012 is one of the SQuaRE series of International Standards, which consists of the following divisions under the general title Software engineering Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE): Quality Management Division (ISO/IEC 2500n), Quality M

22、odel Division (ISO/IEC 2501n), Quality Measurement Division (ISO/IEC 2502n), Quality Requirements Division (ISO/IEC 2503n), Quality Evaluation Division (ISO/IEC 2504n). SANS 25012:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC 25

23、012:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved vIntroduction The quantity of data and information handled by computer systems is increasing worldwide; data quality is a key component of the quality and usefulness of information derived from that data, and most business processes depend on the quality

24、of data. A common prerequisite to all information technology projects is the quality of the data which are exchanged, processed and used between the computer systems and users and among computer systems themselves. Managing and enhancing the quality of data is important because of: the acquisition o

25、f data from organizations of which the quality of data production process is unknown or weak; the existence of defective data contributing to unsatisfactory information, unusable results and dissatisfied customers; the dispersion of such data among various owners and users. Data captured in accordan

26、ce with the workflow needs of a single organization often lack a coherent and integrated vision which is necessary to ensure interoperability and co-operation; the need for processing data which are not immediately re-usable because of semantic ambiguity or lack of consistency between such data and

27、other existing co-related data; the co-existence of legacy architecture and computer systems with distributed systems designed and realized at different times and with different standards; the existence of information systems (such as the world wide web) where data change frequently and integration

28、is a special issue. The data quality model defined in this International Standard aims to meet these needs, taking into account that the data life cycle is often longer than the software life cycle; it could be used, for example, to: define and evaluate data quality requirements in data production,

29、acquisition and integration processes; identify data quality assurance criteria, also useful for re-engineering, assessment and improvement of data; evaluate the compliance of data with legislation and/or requirements. The detection of errors or inefficiencies due to data gives rise to enhancement a

30、nd corrective interventions concerning data and other components of the system in which data reside, for example: data (e.g. redesigning, parsing, cleansing, enriching, transforming, matching); software (e.g. modifying source programs to implement consistency controls); hardware (e.g. upgrading a co

31、mputer system to improve response time); human business processes (e.g. user training to avoid errors in the data entry process; improvement of accounting processes that manage data). SANS 25012:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the S

32、ABS .ISO/IEC 25012:2008(E) vi ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedThe data quality model defined in this International Standard is intended to be used in conjunction with the other SQuaRE series International Standards, which are represented in Figure 1 (adapted from ISO/IEC 25000). Figure 1 Organizatio

33、n of the SQuaRE series of International Standards The divisions within the SQuaRE series are: ISO/IEC 2500n - Quality Management Division. The International Standards that form this division define all common models, terms and definitions referred to further as all other International Standards from

34、 the SQuaRE series. Referring paths (guidance through SQuaRE documents) and high level practical suggestions in applying proper standards to specific application cases provide help to all types of users. The division also provides requirements and guidance for a supporting function which is responsi

35、ble for the management of software product requirements specification and evaluation. ISO/IEC 2501n - Quality Model Division. The International Standards that form this division present detailed quality models for software and data. Furthermore, in the software quality model the internal and externa

36、l quality characteristics are decomposed into subcharacteristics. Practical guidance on the use of the quality models is also provided. ISO/IEC 2502n - Quality Measurement Division. The International Standards that form this division include a software product quality measurement reference model, ma

37、thematical definitions of quality measures, and practical guidance for their application. Presented measures apply to internal software quality, external software quality and quality in use. Quality Measure Elements forming foundations for the latter measures are defined and presented. ISO/IEC 2503n

38、 - Quality Requirements Division. The International Standard that forms this division helps to specify quality requirements. These quality requirements can be used in the process of quality requirements elicitation for a software product to be developed or as input for an evaluation process. The req

39、uirements definition process is mapped to technical processes defined in ISO/IEC 15288. Quality Requirements Division 2503n Quality Management Division 2500n Quality Model Division 2501n Quality Evaluation Division 2504n Quality Measurement Division 2502nExtension Division 25050 to 25099SANS 25012:2

40、009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC 25012:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved vii ISO/IEC 2504n - Quality Evaluation Division. The International Standards that form this division provide requirements, recommendatio

41、ns and guidelines for software product evaluation, whether performed by evaluators, acquirers or developers. The support for documenting a measure as an Evaluation Module is also presented. ISO/IEC 25050 to ISO/IEC 25099 are reserved for SQuaRE extension International Standards, Technical Specificat

42、ions, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and/or Technical Reports. SANS 25012:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .SANS 25012:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients

43、 of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 25012:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved 1Software engineering Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Data quality model 1 Scope This International Standard defines a general data quality model for data retained in a structure

44、d format within a computer system. This International Standard focuses on the quality of the data as part of a computer system and defines quality characteristics for target data used by humans and systems. Target data are those that the organization decides to analyse and validate through the model

45、; the term non-target data covers two cases: the first refers to data that are not persistent such as data handled by an operating system; the second refers to data that could be within the scope of the standard, but an organization chooses to not apply the standard to them. In Figure 2 the structur

46、e of a general system is displayed in a diagram: this can include information systems which in turn can include one or more computer systems. Figure 2 Target domain of the data quality model This International Standard can be used with other standards in the SQuaRE series to establish data quality r

47、equirements, define data quality measures, or plan and perform data quality evaluations. Data quality requirements and data quality measures can be categorized with the data quality characteristics in 5.2 and used by an evaluation process to analyse data independently from other computer systems com

48、ponents. Information systemSystem Human business Mechanical system Computer hardware Software Target Data Computer system Communication Non target Data Data Quality Model SANS 25012:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC

49、25012:2008(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedThis International Standard aims to support the implementation of systems life cycle processes, such as those defined in ISO/IEC 15288. This International Standard takes into account all data types (e.g. character strings, texts, dates, numbers, images, sounds, etc.), assigned data values and relationships between data (e.g. consistency between data in the same or in different entities); the scope does not include data produc