SANS 254-2010 Earth-moving machinery - Rubber-tyred machines - Steering requirements《土方机械 橡胶轮胎机器 转向要求》.pdf

1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-23579-6 SANS 254:2010Edition 2ISO 5010:2007Edition 3SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Earth-moving machinery Rubber-tyred machines Steering

4、requirements This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 5010:2007, and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +2

5、7 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 254:2010 Edition 2 ISO 5010:2007 Edition 3 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 1034, Agricultural, earth-moving, forestry and construction equipment and machinery, in ac

6、cordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in April 2010. This SANS document supersedes SANS 254:2003 (edition 1). Reference numberISO 5010:2007(E)ISO 2007INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO5010Third edition20

7、07-06-01Earth-moving machinery Rubber-tyred machines Steering requirements Engins de terrassement Engins quips de pneumatiques Systmes de direction SANS 254:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 5010:2007(E) PDF disclaimer T

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11、CUMENT ISO 2007 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member bo

12、dy in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reservedSANS 254:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved

13、 subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 5010:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 General requirements. 4 4.1 All steering systems. 4 4.2 Steering systems with normal and additional steeri

14、ng control elements 6 4.3 Steering systems with electrical/electronic transfer device 6 5 Ergonomic requirements . 7 6 Performance requirements 8 6.1 Normal steering. 8 6.2 Emergency steering with power-assisted steering. 8 6.3 Emergency steering with fully powered steering 8 6.4 All steering system

15、s. 8 7 Steering test course . 8 8 Machine specifications for test . 10 9 Tyre circle test procedure 10 10 Steering tests 10 10.1 Tests with all steering systems. 10 10.2 Tests with normal steering system. 11 10.3 Tests with emergency steering system12 10.4 Steering test with additional steering cont

16、rol elements. 12 SANS 254:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 5010:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bo

17、dies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizatio

18、ns, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the

19、ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of th

20、e member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 5010 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving

21、 machinery, Subcommittee SC 2, Safety requirements and human factors. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 5010:1992), which has been technically revised. SANS 254:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS

22、.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5010:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1Earth-moving machinery Rubber-tyred machines Steering requirements 1 Scope This International Standard specifies steering system tests and performance criteria for evaluating the steering capability of rubber-tyred, self-propelle

23、d earth-moving machines having a machine speed, determined in accordance with ISO 6014, greater than 20 km/h. It is applicable to dozers, loaders, back-hoe loaders, excavators, dumpers, scrapers and graders equipped with either manual steering, power-assisted steering or fully powered steering syste

24、ms as defined in ISO 6165. It is not applicable to rollers, compactors or pipelayers. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of

25、the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3450, Earth-moving machinery Braking systems of rubber-tyred machines Systems and performance requirements and test procedures ISO 6014, Earth-moving machinery Determination of ground speed ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery Basic types I

26、dentification and terms and definitions ISO 7457, Earth-moving machinery Determination of turning dimensions of wheeled machines ISO 10968, Earth-moving machinery Operators controls ISO 13849 (all parts), Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systems ISO 15998,1)Earth-moving machinery

27、Machine-control systems (MCS) using electronic components Performance criteria and tests for functional safety IEC 62061, Safety of machinery Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems 1) Under preparation. SANS 254:2010This s tandard may o

28、nly be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 5010:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 steering system system including all machine elements between

29、 the operator and the ground-contacting wheels participating in steering the machine 3.1.1 manual steering system system depending exclusively on the muscular power of the operator to effect normal steering of the machine 3.1.2 power-assisted steering system system employing auxiliary power source(s

30、) to supplement the muscular power of the operator to effect steering of the machine NOTE 1 Without steering auxiliary power source(s), the machine can be steered with muscular power only. NOTE 2 See 6.2.1. 3.1.3 full power-assisted steering system fully powered steering system system in which the s

31、teering is performed by one (or several) source(s) of power NOTE A fully powered steering system can be described as one that would require 115 N or more muscle power to steer without the power assist. 3.1.4 emergency steering system system used to steer the machine in the event of a failure of the

32、normal steering power source(s) or engine stoppage 3.2 Steering power sources 3.2.1 normal steering power source means for providing power to effect steering in either power-assisted or fully powered steering systems EXAMPLE Hydraulic pump, air compressor, electric generator. 3.2.2 emergency steerin

33、g power source means for providing power to the emergency steering system EXAMPLE Hydraulic pump, air compressor, accumulator, battery. 3.2.3 failure of normal steering power source complete and instantaneous loss of a normal steering power source output NOTE It is assumed that not more than one fai

34、lure will occur at the same time. 3.3 steering control element control element used by the operator to transmit the desired direction of steering of the machine SANS 254:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 5010:2007(E) ISO

35、 2007 All rights reserved 33.3.1 steering wheel operating element, circular shaped or shaped as a segment of a circle, used to generate a steering angle to the steered wheels 3.3.2 lever control operating element consisting of two independent levers that generate control of the relative speed of the

36、 left-hand and right-hand sides of the drive system 3.3.3 joystick control operating element(s), used to apply either a steering angle to the steered wheels, or to generate a relative speed of the drive systems on the left-hand and right-hand side, by actuating the operating element to the left-hand

37、 or right-hand side 3.3.4 pushbutton control operating element consisting of two separate pushbuttons which can generate a steering angle to the steered wheels or generate control of the relative speed of the left-hand and right-hand sides of the drive system 3.3.5 foot pedal control operating eleme

38、nt used to apply either a steering angle to the steered wheels, or to generate a relative speed of the drive systems on the left-hand and right-hand sides, by pressing two separate foot pedals 3.4 steering effort necessary force exerted by the operator on the steering control element in order to ste

39、er the machine 3.5 steering angle total displacement angle between the front wheels and the rear wheels as they move about one or more vertical steering axes from their normal straight-ahead condition to a turned condition NOTE 1 The steering angle for multiple-axle machines is determined between th

40、e wheels at the farthest forward and farthest rearward axles. NOTE 2 Ackermann steering inherently has a greater steering angle on the side of the machine toward the inside of the turn as compared to the wheels on the outside of the turn. Therefore, where Ackermann steering is involved, the location

41、 of the steering angle measurement also needs to be specified. A steering angle accomplished by a combination of geometries incorporating Ackermann steering is included, and also requires the location of the steering angle measurement to be specified. 3.6 tyre circle outer tyre clearance diameter de

42、termined in accordance with Clause 9 3.7 working circuit pressure nominal pressure applied to the specific circuit by the pump(s) 3.8 transfer device parts of the steering system (3.1) being used to transfer forces (actuation forces and steering forces) and/or steering commands between the steering

43、control element (3.3), and if applicable, the steering power source (3.2) SANS 254:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 5010:2007(E) 4 ISO 2007 All rights reservedNOTE The steering forces and/or steering commands can be tra

44、nsferred mechanically, hydraulically, electrically, electronically, or as a combination of these. 3.9 steered wheels wheels whose direction of movement can be directly or indirectly modified in order to determine the machines direction of travel 3.10 safe state state applied automatically or manuall

45、y, after a malfunction of the steering-control system whereby the controlled equipment, process or system is stopped or switched to a safe mode in order to prevent unexpected movements or potentially hazardous release of stored energy NOTE Safe state is a function of many factors, including operatin

46、g conditions, the technologies involved, fault-detection capabilities and the safety concept. For electro-hydraulic steering control systems, disabling the electronic portions during a fault and relying on the hydraulic steering system is just one of several ways to reach a safe state. 4 General req

47、uirements 4.1 All steering systems The following requirements apply to all steering systems within the scope of this International Standard. 4.1.1 The normal steering control element provided for the operator shall continue in all circumstances to be the steering control means of the operator. 4.1.1

48、.1 When the steering control element is released, the selected turning circle of tyres (see 3.6) shall remain identical or become larger during travel in the forward direction. 4.1.1.2 The steering system shall be designed so that the movement of the steering control element is consistent with its e

49、ffect. If control operation is not obvious, an operational sign shall be provided (e.g. using symbols). 4.1.1.3 During machine operation, no uncontrolled steering movement shall occur due to the normal operation of the electronic steering control system. 4.1.1.4 The steering control element shall permit the rate of steering to be gradually adjusted. If the steering speed cannot be gradually adjusted, the maximum machine speed shall be limited to 10 km/h. 4.1.2 All steering systems shall be designed and i