SANS 50458-2008 Hearing protectors - Recommendations for selection use care and maintenance - Guidance document《听力保护 选择、使用、保养及维修建议 指导文件》.pdf

1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-20826-4 SANS 50458:2008Edition 2EN 458:2004Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Hearing protectors Recommendations for selection, use,

4、 care and maintenance Guidance document This national standard is the identical implementation of EN 458:2004 and is adopted with the permission of CEN, rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7

5、911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 50458:2008 Edition 2 EN 458:2004 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 76, Acoustics, electro-acoustics

6、and vibration, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in February 2008. This SANS document supersedes SABS EN 458:1993 (first edition). EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 458 Nov

7、ember 2004 ICS 13.340.20 Supersedes EN 458:1993 English version Hearing protectors - Recommendations for selection, use, care and maintenance - Guidance document Protecteurs individuels contre le bruit - Recommandations relatives la slection, lutilisation, aux prcautions demploi et lentretien - Docu

8、ment guide Gehrschtzer - Empfehlungen fr Auswahl, Einsatz, Pflege und Instandhaltung - Leitfaden This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the

9、status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).

10、 A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark

11、, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPIS

12、CHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 458:2004: ESANS 50458:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and

13、freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 458:2004 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword. 4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms and definitions. 8 4 Types of hearing protector. 9 4.1 General. 9 4.2 Passive hearing protectors 9 4.2.1 Ear-muffs . 9 4.2.2 Helmet mounted ear-muffs. 9 4.2.3 Acoustic helmets 9

14、4.2.4 Ear-plugs 9 4.2.5 Preshaped ear-plugs. 9 4.2.6 Individual custom moulded ear-plugs 9 4.2.7 User formable ear-plugs. 10 4.2.8 Banded ear-plugs 10 4.3 Function modes 10 4.3.1 General. 10 4.3.2 Passive. 10 4.3.3 Non passive . 10 4.3.4 Level-dependent hearing protectors. 10 4.3.5 Flat frequency re

15、sponse hearing protectors 10 4.3.6 Active noise reduction (ANR) protectors .11 4.3.7 Hearing protectors with communication facilities 11 5 Selection 11 5.1 General. 11 5.2 Conformity with relevant requirements for incorporated electronics. 11 5.2.1 Intrinsic safety. 11 5.2.2 Electromagnetic compatib

16、ility (EMC) . 11 5.3 Selection of appropriate hearing protection for the noise environment. 11 5.3.1 Regulatory and general requirements 11 5.3.2 Selection of passive hearing protectors according to their sound attenuation. 12 5.3.3 Selection of hearing protectors according to special needs or requi

17、rements. 12 5.3.4 Real world attenuation 13 5.3.5 Effects of over-protection 13 5.3.6 Combination of ear-muffs and ear-plugs13 5.4 Wearer comfort 13 5.5 Environment and activity . 13 5.5.1 High and low temperatures and/or humidity 13 5.5.2 Unclean working conditions 13 5.5.3 Repeated short term nois

18、e exposure 14 5.5.4 Recognition of informative sounds within the work environment 14 5.5.5 Warning signals and speech communication 14 5.5.6 Location of a sound source . 14 5.6 Medical disorders 14 5.7 Compatibility with other personal protective equipment . 14 6 Use 14 6.1 General. 14 6.2 Period of

19、 use . 14 SANS 50458:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 458:2004 (E) 3 6.3 Hearing protectors designed for use in particular orientations. 15 6.4 Availability of protectors 15 6.5 Compatibility of other personal protective

20、 equipment with ear-muffs and banded ear-plugs 15 6.5.1 General. 15 6.5.2 Protective clothing 16 6.5.3 Spectacles . 16 6.5.4 Goggles 16 6.5.5 Face shields. 16 6.5.6 Hoods . 16 6.5.7 Safety helmets. 16 6.5.8 Respiratory protection devices . 16 6.6 Correct fitting of hearing protectors . 16 6.6.1 Gene

21、ral. 16 6.6.2 Ear-muffs . 16 6.6.3 Ear-plugs 16 6.7 Audibility of speech and/or warning and alerting sounds whilst wearing hearing protectors 17 6.8 Leisure activities . 17 6.9 Guidance for use. 17 6.9.1 Information 17 7 Care and maintenance 17 7.1 General. 17 7.2 Hygiene and cleaning . 18 7.3 Inspe

22、ction and replacement 18 7.4 Storage. 18 7.5 Disposal . 18 Annex A (normative) Methods for assessing the sound attenuation of a passive hearing protector regarding equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level 19 A.1 General. 19 A.2 Octave band method. 22 A.3 HML method 23 A.4 HML check meth

23、od . 24 A.5 SNR method. 25 Annex B (informative) Method for assessing the sound attenuation of a hearing protector for impulsive sounds . 27 B.1 General. 27 B.2 Method 27 Annex C (informative) Selection method for non-passive sound restoration level-dependent ear-muffs and ear-plugs using HML data 3

24、0 C.1 Methods for predicting if the A-weighted Leqeffective at the ear is less than 85 dB(A). 30 C.2 Method 1: HML Method. 30 C.3 Method 2A: HML check method - Measurement check. 31 C.4 Method 2B: HML check method - Listening method . 31 Annex D (informative) Selection method for active noise reduct

25、ion ear-muffs and ear-plugs. 33 D.1 Method for continuous noises. 33 Annex E (informative) Selection method for ear muffs with audio input. 34 E.1 Method 34 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC. 36 Bibliography .

26、 37 SANS 50458:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 458:2004 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 458:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 159 “Hearing Protection”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This

27、document supersedesEN 458:1993. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2005. This European Standard ha

28、s been prepared under a mandate given to CEN and the European Free Trade Association by the European Commission to support Essential Requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC. For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the

29、CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slov

30、enia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SANS 50458:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 458:2004 (E) 5 Introduction Hearing protection devices are items of personal protective equipment (PPE) which, as a result

31、of their attenuating properties, reduce the harmful effects of noise on hearing in order to prevent hearing damage. This document has been prepared to give guidance to all persons who have to supply, purchase or wear hearing protectors. This document is intended to provide guidance on the correct se

32、lection, use, care and maintenance of hearing protectors. National bodies may produce their own interpretation of this document for additional national regulations, custom and practice. In order that the protection offered by hearing protectors be effectively realised, hearing protectors should be w

33、orn at all times when the user is in a potentially hazardous noise environment. In the selection of hearing protectors, therefore, attention is drawn to the importance of considering factors which may influence comfort and acceptance. In hearing conservation programmes, noise hazard areas are identi

34、fied and the personal noise exposure assessed. Priority should be given to reducing noise at source before a suitable hearing protector is considered, as shown in Figure 1. SANS 50458:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 458

35、:2004 (E) 6 1 Scope This document gives recommendations for the selection, use, care and maintenance of hearing protectors. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For unda

36、ted references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 352-1, Hearing protectors General requirements Part 1: Ear-muffs. EN 352-2, Hearing protectors General requirements Part 2: Ear-plugs. EN 352-3, Hearing protectors General requirements Part 3: Ear-mu

37、ffs attached to an industrial safety helmet. EN ISO 4869-2:1995, Acoustics Hearing protectors Part 2: Estimation of effective A-weighted sound pressure levels when hearing protectors are worn (ISO 4869-2:1994). EN ISO 9921, Ergonomics Assessment of speech communication (ISO 9921:2003) SANS 50458:200

38、8This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 458:2004 (E) 7 Figure 1 Actions to be taken to reduce an individuals risk of noise induced hearing loss SANS 50458:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription an

39、d freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 458:2004 (E) 8 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 national action level (Lact) daily noise exposure level (LEX,8h) above which hearing protectors are worn NOTE: National laws or regulations w

40、ill stipulate the level of noise exposure above which hearing protectors must be worn 3.2 national peak action level (Lact,pk) peak pressure level above which hearing protectors are worn NOTE: National laws or regulations will stipulate the level of peak noise exposure above which hearing protectors

41、 must be worn 3.3 care day-to-day attention given to the protector by the wearer 3.4 effective attenuation effective attenuation is the measure of protection afforded by the hearing protector 3.5 maintenance regular inspection and repair of the protector, for example the replacement of defective ear

42、-muff cushions 3.6 over-protection selection and wearing of a hearing protector with too high an attenuation. This may lead to a sense of isolation and difficulties with perception of sounds 3.7 selection process of choosing the most suitable protector 3.8 use day-to-day wearing of a hearing protect

43、or by the person to be protected 3.9 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) all equipment (including clothing affording protection against the weather) which is worn or held by a person at work and which protects them against one or more risks to his health and safety, and any addition or accessory des

44、igned to meet that objective 3.10 impulse noise sudden change of pressure that can consist of a unique single event or form either a series of impulses with pauses between 3.11 sound attenuation for a given test signal, the mean difference, in decibels, between the threshold of hearing with and with

45、out the hearing protector in place for the test subject SANS 50458:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 458:2004 (E) 9 4 Types of hearing protector 4.1 General Hearing protectors are available in many forms and the main type

46、s are described in the following paragraphs. This list is not exhaustive. 4.2 Passive hearing protectors 4.2.1 Ear-muffs Ear-muffs consist of cups which fit over the ears and are sealed to the head with soft cushions, usually filled with plastic foam or liquid. The cups are usually lined with sound

47、absorptive material. They are connected by a tensioning band (headband), usually made of metal or plastic. A flexible headstrap is sometimes fitted to each cup or to the headband close to the cups. This strap is used to support the cups when the headband is worn behind the head or under the chin. So

48、me ear-muffs have one cup intended only for the left ear and another only for the right ear. Ear-muffs may be available in normal and restricted size range types. Medium size ear-muffs are intended to fit the majority of head sizes found in the working population in Europe. Restricted size range ear

49、-muffs are designed to fit particular head sizes; small size range and large size range ear-muffs may be available. Ear-muffs are available with headbands, neckbands, chinbands and universal bands. Ear-muffs with neckbands and chinbands permit the simultaneous wearing of a safety helmet. Universal bands can be worn over the head, behind the head or under the chin. Universal bands, neckbands and chinbands may be complemented by headstraps to ensure a reliable fit of the muff. 4.2.2 Helmet mounted ear-muffs These consist of i