1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21194-3 SANS 50936:2008Edition 1EN 936:2006Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for hum
4、an consumption Carbon dioxide This national standard is the identical implementation of EN 936:2006 and is adopted with the permission of CEN, rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 0
5、12 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 50936:2008 Edition 1 EN 936:2006 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 5140.19, Water, in accordance with procedur
6、es of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in March 2008. EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 936August 2006ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN 936:1997 English VersionChemicals used for treatment of water intended for hu
7、manconsumption - Carbon dioxideProduits chimiques utiliss pour le traitement de leaudestine la consommation humaine - Dioxyde de carboneProdukte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser fr denmenschlichen Gebrauch - KohlenstoffdioxidThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 June 2006.CEN members are bound
8、 to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Centr
9、al Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the
10、 officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, S
11、pain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Me
12、mbers.Ref. No. EN 936:2006: ESANS 50936:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 936:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Description .5 2.1 Identification.5 2.2 Commercial form .5 2.3 Physical properti
13、es6 2.4 Chemical properties 6 3 Purity criteria7 3.1 General7 3.2 Composition of commercial product.7 3.3 Impurities and main by-products.7 3.4 Chemicals parameters 7 4 Test methods7 4.1 Sampling.7 4.2 Analysis 7 5 Labelling - Transportation - Storage8 5.1 Means of delivery.8 5.2 Risk and safety lab
14、elling according to the EU Directives .8 5.3 Transportation regulations and labelling8 5.4 Marking .9 5.5 Storage9 Annex A (informative) General information on carbon dioxide10 A.1 Origin 10 A.2 Use 12 A.3 General rules relating to safety12 Bibliography14 SANS 50936:2008This s tandard may only be us
15、ed and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 936:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 936:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a nat
16、ional standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2007. This European Standard supersedes EN 936:1997. Significant technical differences between this edition an
17、d EN 936:1997 are as follows: a) deletion of the reference to EU Directive 80/778/EEC of July,15 1980 in order to take into account of the last Directive in force (see 1); b) updating of the transportation regulations and labelling. c) the requirement for carbon dioxide content is now only 99% inste
18、ad of 99.7% in the latest edition According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, I
19、celand, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SANS 50936:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN
20、 936:2006 (E) 4 Introduction In respect to the potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption caused by the product covered by this European Standard: a) this European Standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any
21、of the Member States of the EU or EFTA; d) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. NOTE Conformity with this European Standard does not confer or
22、 imply acceptance or approval of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this European Standard is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities. SANS 50936:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and fr
23、eemailing clients of the SABS .EN 936:2006 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable to carbon dioxide used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of carbon dioxide and specifies the requirements and corresponding analytical methods for carbo
24、n dioxide. It also gives information on its use in water treatment. 2 Description 2.1 Identification 2.1.1 Chemical name Carbon dioxide. 2.1.2 Synonym or common name Carbonic acid gas (carbonic anhydride). 2.1.3 Relative molecular mass 44,011. 2.1.4 Empirical formula CO2. 2.1.5 Chemical formula CO2.
25、 2.1.6 CAS Registry Number 1)124-38-9. 2.1.7 EINECS reference2)204-696-9. 2.2 Commercial form The carbon dioxide is supplied as a liquefied gas. NOTE The solid form is not usually used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. 1) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. 2) Europe
26、an Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. SANS 50936:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 936:2006 (E) 6 2.3 Physical properties 2.3.1 Appearance The carbon dioxide is a colourless gas or liquid. 2.3.2 Density
27、 The density of the gas at 0 C and 101,3 kPa 3)is 1,9 768 kg/m3,while the density of the liquid at 0 C and 4 000 kPa is 933,318 kg/m3. 2.3.3 Solubility in water The solubility of the gas in water is 1,72 g/l at 20 C and 101,3 kPa. 2.3.4 Vapour pressure The vapour pressure of the liquid is 5 733,0 kP
28、a at 20 C. 2.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa3)(See 2.3.6). 2.3.6 Melting point The sublimation point of solid CO2is -78,9 C (and 101,3 kPa). 2.3.7 Specific heat The specific heat of carbon dioxide is 0,827 kJ/kg x K at 0 C and 100 kPa. 2.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) The viscosity of the liquid is 147 x 10-7
29、Pa x s at 20 C. 2.3.9 Critical temperature The critical temperature of the liquid is 31 C. 2.3.10 Critical pressure The critical pressure of the carbon dioxide is 7 883 kPa. 2.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable. 2.4 Chemical properties The carbon dioxide CO2forms a weak acid when dissolved in wat
30、er. It reacts with alkalis to form carbonates and bicarbonates. 3) 100 kPa = 1 bar.SANS 50936:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 936:2006 (E) 7 3 Purity criteria 3.1 General This European Standard specifies the minimum pur
31、ity requirements for carbon dioxide used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly present in the product. Depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process other impurities may be present and if so, the user and when necessary to r
32、elevant authorities, shall be notified. NOTE Users of this product should check the national regulations in order to clarify whether it is of appropriate purity for treatment of water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, required dosage, contents of other impurities
33、 and additives used in the product not stated in the product standard. Limits have been given for impurities and chemical parameters where these are likely to be present in significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If the production process or raw materials lead t
34、o significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be notified to the user. 3.2 Composition of commercial product The product shall contain at least a volume fraction of 99 % of CO2in bulk and in cylinder. NOTE The composition of the commercial product is defi
35、ned in the EU Directive 96/77/EC of December 2, 1996 (see 3). 3.3 Impurities and main by-products The residual gas content consists mostly of nitrogen, oxygen and moisture. 3.4 Chemicals parameters NOTE The chemical parameters and indicator parameters according to EU Directive 98/83/EC (see 1) are n
36、ot found in the gaseous phase. Pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not by-products of the manufacturing process. 4 Test methods 4.1 Sampling Observe the recommendations of ISBT “Carbon Dioxide Quality Guidelines and Analytical Procedure Bibliography March 2001” (see 4). 4.2 Analysis
37、4.2.1 Carbon dioxide Measure of a fixed volume of product (V1). Absorption in potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) 30 % by a proper CO2appliance with an accuracy of volume fraction from 0 % to 0,05 % (calibrated in 0,01 %-steps).The residue volume (V2) which is measured after absorption of CO2is to su
38、btract from (V1). The difference (V1- V2) = V3is equivalent to the volume part of CO2(Equipment: Orsat, Zahm, Hasselberg). NOTE 1 Observe the recommendations of International Society of Beverage Technologists (ISBT) “Carbon Dioxide Guidelines and Analytical Procedure Bibliography March 2001” (see 4)
39、. NOTE 2 Alternatively the carbon dioxide may be determined by gas-chromatography. SANS 50936:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 936:2006 (E) 8 4.2.2 Impurities Determine the volume of gas impurity (see 4.2.1). Note: Alter
40、natively, the impurities content may be determined by gas chromatography. 5 Labelling - Transportation - Storage 5.1 Means of delivery The carbon dioxide shall be delivered both in pressurized containers vessels (tanks or cylinders). In order that the purity of the product is not affected, the means
41、 of delivery shall not have been previously used for any different product or it shall have been specially cleaned and prepared before use. 5.2 Risk and safety labelling according to the EU Directives4)Carbon dioxide is not subject to labelling regulations at the date of publication of this European
42、 Standard. NOTE Annex I of the Directive 67/548/EEC on Classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances and its amendments and adaptations in the European Union contains a list of substances classified by the EU. Substances not in this Annex I should be classified on the basis of thei
43、r intrinsic properties according to the criteria in the Directive by the person responsible for the marketing of the substance. 5.3 Transportation regulations and labelling The labelling of tanks and cylinders is as follows: a) liquid carbon dioxide is listed as UN Number5)1013 and refrigerated carb
44、on dioxide is listed as UN Number 2187; 4) See 2. 5) United Nations Number. SANS 50936:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 936:2006 (E) 9 b) Under the RID 6), the ADR7)and the IMDG8)regulations, liquid carbon dioxide and re
45、frigerated carbon dioxide is designated (with label 2.2). 5.4 Marking The marking shall include the following information: name “carbon dioxide“ and the trade name; net mass; name and the address of the supplier and/or manufacturer; statement “this product conforms to EN 936“. 5.5 Storage The produc
46、t is stable during long term storage. Pressure vessels containing carbon dioxide shall be protected from direct heat and the storage rooms shall be well-ventilated, especially if they are below ground level. Cylinders shall preferably be stored horizontally; if upright, they shall be secured to prev
47、ent them toppling over. 6) Regulations concerning International carriage of Dangerous goods by Road. 7) European Agreement concerning the international carriage of Dangerous goods by rail. 8) International Maritime Transport of Dangerous Goods. SANS 50936:2008This s tandard may only be used and prin
48、ted by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 936:2006 (E) 10 Annex A (informative) General information on carbon dioxide A.1 Origin A.1.1 Raw materials Natural carbon dioxide or as a product from chemical processes or from combustion, which differs from natural carbon dioxide
49、 chiefly in the components of residual gases. The potential impurities in carbon dioxide from different sources are given in Table A.1 (see 5). SANS 50936:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 936:2006 (E) 11 Table A.1 Chemical and indicator parameters and impurities Parameter Limit value Remarks CO2identity Positive Omitted if closed CO2system CO2purity 99,98% CO 5 mg/l Moisture 10 mg/l Acidity Pass test Total sulfur (as S)a 0,1 mg/l H2S 0,05 mg/l Can be omitted if
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