SANS 5667-1-2008 Water quality - Sampling Part 1 Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and sampling techniques《水质 采样 第1部分 取样方案及取样技术的设计指南》.pdf

1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21189-9 SANS 5667-1:2008Edition 2ISO 5667-1:2006Edition 2 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Water quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the d

4、esign of sampling programmes and sampling techniques This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 5667-1:2006 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 p

5、retoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 5667-1:2008 Edition 2 ISO 5667-1:2006 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA SC 5

6、140.19A, Water Water sampling and analysis, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in March 2008. This SANS document supersedes SANS 5667-1:1980 (edition 1, ISO technical corrigendum 1 and nationa

7、l amendment 1) and SANS 5667-2:1991 (edition 1 and national amendment 1). Reference numberISO 5667-1:2006(E)ISO 2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO5667-1Second edition2006-12-15Water quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and sampling techniques Qualit de leau chantillonna

8、ge Partie 1: Lignes directrices pour la conception des programmes et des techniques dchantillonnage SANS 5667-1:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 5667-1:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces

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13、 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reservedSANS 5667-1:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 5667-1:2006(E)

14、 ISO 2006 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword. v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 General safety precautions 2 5 Design of sampling programmes 3 5.1 General. 3 5.2 Broad objectives for the design of sampling programmes 3 5.3 Specific considerations in rel

15、ation to variability. 5 5.4 Identifying the sampling location 5 6 Characteristics and conditions affecting sampling 6 7 Sampling from specific types of water. 6 7.1 Natural waters . 6 7.2 Processed waters . 7 8 Time and frequency of sampling. 8 8.1 General. 8 8.2 Water quality management programmes

16、. 9 8.3 Quality characterization programmes 9 8.4 Programmes for investigation of causes of contamination. 9 8.5 Statistical considerations 9 8.6 Duration of sampling occasion and composite samples . 12 9 Flow measurements and situations justifying flow measurements for water quality purposes 12 9.1

17、 General. 12 9.2 Direction of flow 12 9.3 Velocity of flow 13 9.4 Discharge rate . 13 9.5 Flow structure . 13 9.6 Cross-sectional area. 13 9.7 Justification for flow measurements in water quality control management 13 9.8 Methods available for flow measurement 14 10 Sampling techniques 15 10.1 Gener

18、al. 15 10.2 Spot samples. 15 10.3 Periodic samples (discontinuous) 16 10.4 Continuous samples. 16 10.5 Series sampling 17 10.6 Composite samples 17 10.7 Large-volume samples. 17 11 Sampling equipment. 17 11.1 General. 17 11.2 Types of sample container 18 12 Sampling equipment for physical or chemica

19、l characteristics . 19 12.1 General. 19 12.2 Equipment for spot sampling 20 12.3 Grabs or dredges for sampling sediment 20 SANS 5667-1:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 5667-1:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reserved12.4

20、Core samplers . 20 12.5 Sampling equipment for dissolved gases and volatile materials 20 12.6 Sampling equipment for radioactivity characteristics 21 12.7 Sampling equipment for biological and microbiological characteristics . 21 12.8 Automatic sampling equipment. 21 12.9 Preparation of sampling equ

21、ipment 22 13 Avoidance of contamination 23 13.1 General . 23 13.2 Sources of contamination 23 13.3 Control of contamination . 24 14 Transport to, and storage of samples at, the depot or laboratory. 24 15 Sample identification and records 25 15.1 General . 25 15.2 Samples that might be used for legal

22、 purposes 25 Annex A (informative) Diagrams illustrating types of periodic and continuous samples 27 Bibliography . 30 SANS 5667-1:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 5667-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved vForeword I

23、SO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical c

24、ommittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electr

25、otechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the m

26、ember bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identi

27、fying any or all such patent rights. ISO 5667-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Sampling (general methods), and by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230, Water analysis, in collaboration. Within ISO, this second edition cancels and replaces the first editio

28、n of ISO 5667-1:1980, ISO 5667-1:1980/Cor.1:1996 and the second edition of ISO 5667-2:1991, which have been technically revised. Within CEN, this document supersedes EN 25667-1:1993 and EN 25667-2:1993. ISO 5667 consists of the following parts, under the general title Water quality Sampling: Part 1:

29、 Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and sampling techniques Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of water samples Part 4: Guidance on sampling from lakes, natural and man-made Part 5: Guidance on sampling of drinking water from treatment works and piped distribution systems P

30、art 6: Guidance on sampling of rivers and streams Part 7: Guidance on sampling of water and steam in boiler plants Part 8: Guidance on the sampling of wet deposition Part 9: Guidance on sampling from marine waters Part 10: Guidance on sampling of waste waters Part 11: Guidance on sampling of groundw

31、aters Part 12: Guidance on sampling of bottom sediments Part 13: Guidance on sampling of sludges from sewage and water treatment works Part 14: Guidance on quality assurance of environmental water sampling and handling Part 15: Guidance on preservation and handling of sludge and sediment samples SAN

32、S 5667-1:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 5667-1:2006(E) vi ISO 2006 All rights reserved Part 16: Guidance on biotesting of samples Part 17: Guidance on sampling of suspended sediments Part 18: Guidance on sampling of g

33、roundwater at contaminated sites Part 19: Guidance on sampling of marine sediments Part 20: Guidance on the use of sampling data for decision making Compliance with thresholds and classification systems SANS 5667-1:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemail

34、ing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5667-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1Water quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and sampling techniques 1 Scope This part of ISO 5667 sets out the general principles for, and provides guidance on, the desig

35、n of sampling programmes and sampling techniques for all aspects of sampling of water (including waste waters, sludges, effluents and bottom deposits). It does not include detailed instructions for specific sampling situations, which are covered in the various other parts of ISO 5667. Also, it does

36、not include microbiological sampling, which is covered in ISO 19458 23. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced

37、 document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6107-1, Water quality Vocabulary Part 1 ISO 6107-2, Water quality Vocabulary Part 2 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6107-1, ISO 6107-2 and the following apply. 3.1 periodic sampling pr

38、ocess of taking samples at fixed intervals which can be time-, volume- or flow-dependent 3.2 area profile sampling process of taking samples at chosen locations in a specific area while keeping other parameters (e.g. time, depth) as constant as possible 3.3 depth profile sampling process of taking s

39、amples at chosen depths at a specific location while keeping other parameters (e.g. time, flow) as constant as possible SANS 5667-1:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 5667-1:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved4 General

40、 safety precautions The enormously wide range of conditions encountered in sampling water bodies and bottom deposits can subject sampling personnel to a variety of safety and health risks. Precautions should be taken to avoid inhalation of toxic gases and ingestion of toxic materials through the nos

41、e, mouth and skin. Personnel responsible for the design of sampling programmes and for carrying out sampling operations should ensure that sampling personnel are informed of the necessary precautions to be taken in sampling operations. Attention is drawn to the requirements of national and/or region

42、al health and safety regulations. NOTE Precautions against accidents might need to be taken. More specific situations are discussed in 5.3. Weather conditions should be taken into account in order to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment and it is essential that life jackets and lifelines sho

43、uld be worn when sampling large masses of water. Before sampling from ice-covered waters, the location and extent of weak ice should be carefully checked. If self-contained underwater breathing apparatus or other diving equipment is used, it should always be checked and maintained in accordance with

44、 relevant ISO or national standards to ensure reliability. Boats or platforms used for sampling purposes should be capable of being maintained in a stable condition. In all waters, precautions should be taken in relation to commercial ships and fishing vessels; for example, the correct signal flags

45、should be flown to indicate the nature of the work being undertaken. Sampling from unsafe sites, such as unstable river banks, should be avoided wherever possible. If this is not possible, the operation should be conducted by a team using appropriate precautions rather than by a single operator. Whe

46、rever possible, sampling from bridges should be used as a substitute for bank sampling unless bank conditions are the specific subject of the sampling study. Safe access to sampling sites in all weather is essential for frequent routine sampling. Where relevant, precautions should be taken where add

47、itional natural hazards are present, such as fauna or flora, that can endanger the health or safety of personnel. Hazardous materials (e.g. bottles containing concentrated acids) should be properly labelled. If instruments or other items of equipment are to be installed on a river bank for sampling

48、purposes, locations that are susceptible to flooding or vandalism should be avoided or appropriate precautions taken. Many other situations arise during the sampling of water when special precautions should be taken to avoid accidents. For example, some industrial effluents can be corrosive or can c

49、ontain toxic or flammable materials. The potential dangers associated with contact with sewage should also not be overlooked; these can be gaseous, microbiological, virological or zoological, such as from amoebae or helminthes. Gas protection equipment, breathing apparatus, resuscitation apparatus and other safety equipment should be available when sampling personnel need to enter sampling locations containing hazardous atmospheres. In addition, the concentration of oxygen and of any