SANS 831-1-2009 Building construction - Expression of users- requirements Part 1 Thermal requirements《建筑结构 用户要求的表示法 第1部分：热量的要求》.pdf

1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-23515-4 SANS 831-1:2009Edition 1ISO 6242-1:1992Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Building construction Expression of users requirem

4、ents Part 1: Thermal requirements This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 6242-1:1992 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +

5、27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 831-1:2009 Edition 1 ISO 6242-1:1992 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 59, Construction standards, in accordance with procedures of the

6、 SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in October 2009. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 62424 First edition 1992-04-0 1 Building construction - Expression of users requirements - Part 1: Thermal requirements Construction immobilike - Ex

7、pression des exigences de Iutilisateur - Partie 1: Confort thermique Reference number ISO 6242-1: 1992( E) SANS 831-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 624201:1992(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Stan

8、dardization) is a woridwide federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right

9、 to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft Interna

10、tional Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an lnter- national Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 6242-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 59, Bui

11、lding construcfion, Sub-Committee SC 3, Functionalluser requirements and Performance in building construction. ISO 6242 consists of the following Parts, under the general title Building construction - Expression of users requirements: - Part 1: Thermal requirements - Part 2: Air purity requirements

12、- Part 3: Acoustical requirements - Part 4: Lighting requirements Annex A of this patt of ISO 6242 is for information only. 0 ISO 1992 All rights reserved. No part of this pubiication may be reproduced or utiiized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and micr

13、ofilm, without Permission in writing from the pubiisher. international Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzeriand Printed in Switzerland ii SANS 831-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS

14、.ISO 624291:1992(E) lntroduction This part of ISO 6242 is one of a set dealing with the expression of en- vironmental requirements for buildings, in terms suitable for use in regulations and briefs for building projects. The Parameters defined tan be used for routine verifkation of the Performance o

15、f buildings, either by calculation (for example at the design Stage) or measurement (for example of spaces or whole buildings), and are meant to provide readily understood information on users requirements throughout the building process. This set of International Standards is not intended to repres

16、ent the complete state of knowledge about these aspects of environmental sci- ence, some of which are the concern of other ISO Technical Com- mittees. SANS 831-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .This page intentionally left

17、 blank SANS 831-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6242=1:1992(E) Building construction - Expression of users requirements - Part 1: Thermal requirements 1 Scope This patt of ISO 6242 defines how

18、the thermal re- quirements of building users tan be identifred, ex- pressed and quantified. It describes users objectives and the Parameters used to express them. For each parameter-, it specifies units of measurement, preferred increments for values and means of evaluation. lt also lists the enviro

19、nmental and human factors affecting the choice of a value (criterion) for each Parameter. It is intended for use a) in preparing briefs for building projects; b) in formulating building laws and regulations; c) in drafting Standards and other normative docu- ments; and d) more generally when specify

20、ing the required Performance of buildings in terms of users re- quirements. Some of the Parameters given in this patt of ISO 6242 apply only to certain types of building. Compliance with this part of ISO 6242 does not therefore depend on implementing the whole of its contents in every case. 2 Users

21、objectives 2.1 Control of the thermal environment within buildings shall fulfil the following objectives: a) to provide conditions which will prevent occu- pants suffering from heat stress or cold stress; and b) to provide a suitable Standard ofthermal comfort for occupants. 2.2 Criteria meeting the

22、se objectives shall reflect the following: a) activities to be accommodated; b) clothing; c) age and health of the occupants; d) proportion of Iikely occupants it is intended to satisfy; e) time during which the requirements must be satisfred (taking account of climatic extremes); and f) any facilit

23、y for local control of the thermal en- vironment by the occupants. The choice of Parameters and criteria will differ, depending on the type of climate in which the build- ing is placed. 3 Parameters for expressing users requirements Thermal comfort and freedom from thermal stress depend on the follo

24、wing environmental factors: a) air temperature; b) radiation gains and losses; c) air humidity; d) air velocity; e) metabolic rate; and SANS 831-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 6242=1:1992(E) f) clothing. Requirement

25、s tan be defined separately for each of - these factors, although, because their physiological effects are interdependent, it may be necessary to give several, cross-related requirements for differ- ent ranges of bands of values. It is often convenient to integrate several of the factors into a comb

26、ined index, such as resultant temperature or operative temperature. In view of the inevitable Variation in the thermal en- vironment over space and time, it is vital that state- ments of users requirements should not only include limiting values but should also define lo- cations and tolerantes for

27、the values: as this kind of information is common to several of the par- ameters, its expression is given first in 3.1. 3.1 Location, uniformity and tolerante for thermal Parameters For most spaces within buildings, specified tem- peratures should apply on a plane 1 m above fin- ished floor level. O

28、n this plane, under continuous operating conditions, the required values (set sep- arately for Winter and Summer, where applicable) should be met to within a tolerante of + 1,5 “C, ex- - cluding the effects of solar radiation through win- dows or roof-lights. In certain cases, for example auditoria,

29、 it may be necessary to define other planes covering all or part of the space. The maximum temperature gradient in the vertical plane will need to be specified. For most rooms or spaces of normal height (not exceeding 3 m) the temperature should not vary by more than 3 “C. Where heating is intermitt

30、ent, or where night set- back or other periods of reduced heat input are employed, it may be necessary to specify a) wider tolerante limits within the first and last hours of use or occupancy; W supplementary specified temperatures periods of Zero or reduced heat input. 3.2 Expression of thermal Par

31、ameters for Details of means of expression, together with as- sociated information, are given in table 1. 4 Factors affecting the choice of criteria Details of factors likely to affect the choice of criteria for particular applications, together with associated information, are given in table 2. 2 S

32、ANS 831-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 6242=1:1992(E) Parameter Definition Tabie 1 - Parameters Means of expression: units; Nature of preferred criterion increments Means of evaluation Dry-bulb air The temperature o

33、f the air indi- Degrees Maximum Calculation: in accordance with tempera- cated by a thermometer shielded Celsius (“C); and/or national Standards or Codes of practice ture (t,) from radiationl) whole “C minimum on thermal design Measurement: using any method of static or dynamic (aspirated) tempera-

34、ture measurement capable of accu- rately measuring the average dry-bulb temperature of the air in a room, space or zone Mean radi- The uniform surface temperature Degrees Maximum Calculation: as the resulting effect of ant tem- of a radiantly black enclosure in Celsius (“C); and/or the integral, at

35、a particular Point, of in- perature (Fr) which the occupant would ex- whole “C minimum cident radiant fluxes to and from all di- Change the same amount of radi- rections, including gains from and ant energy as in the actual losses to windows and roof-lights non-uniform space*J Measurement: not direc

36、tly measurable Air velocity The velocity of the air, when suf- Metres per Maximum Calculation: in accordance with ( ) 5 ficient in volume and duration to second (m/s) and/or national Standards or Codes of practice affect thermal comfort minimum on thermal design Measurement: using any method capable

37、 of accurately measuring air velocity with an averaging time of 1 s to 2 s, and of distinguishing the direc- tion of air movement Operative tempera- ture (t,) The uniform temperature of a Degrees Maximum Calculation: it is normally sufficient to radiantly black enclosure in which Celsius (“C); and/o

38、r compute the operative temperature as the occupant would exchange the whole “C minimum same amount of heat by radiation 49 ta + t; plus convection as in the actual =- 2 non-uniform environment*) For higher precision the following ex- Pression should be used: 2, = At, + (1 - A)t; where A depends on

39、air velocity, as follows: Wet-bulb air The temperature indicated by a Degrees Maximum Calculation: in accordance with tempera- sensing element kept wet as a Celsius (“C); and/or national Standards or Codes of practice ture (tJ measure of the rate of evaporation whole “C minimum on thermal design Mea

40、surement: using a wet-bulb thermometer or other instrument giv- ing equivalent measurements 1) From BLIGH J. and JOHNSON KG. Glossary of terms for thermal physiology. Journal of Applied Physiology, 35 (6), December 1973. 2) From ANSVASHRAE 55:1981, Thermal envkonmentaf conditions for human occupancy

41、. 3 SANS 831-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 624201:1992(E) Factor Examples of classeslcategories Table 2 - Factors affecting criteria Means of expression Sources of Information Activities and Reclining Metabolic rat

42、e of human body (based on Standard ISO 7730:1984, annex 8 tasks in re- Sedentary data relating to average, healthy adults), expressed ANSI/ASHRAE 551981, lation to the Standing either in W/m* or met) units table 3 thermal com- Light activity ISO 8996: 1990 fort Medium activity Heavy activity Clothin

43、g Underwear Tropical wear Summer wear Winter wear lnsulation value of clothing, expressed either in m*.“C/W or clo*) ISO 7730:1984, annex C ANSI/ASHRAE 551981, table Age and health Children Healthy adults Oisabled adults Medical patients Elderly Alternative or supplementary values for metabolic rate

44、, related to activities Proportion of 80 % Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD), expressed ISO 7730: 1984, occupants to 90 % in terms of Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) clauses 3 and 5 be satisfied 95 % Time during 90 % Usually governed by the choice of climatic extremes which re- 95 % used for the

45、design of heating or air-conditioning quirements 99 % Systems, which will have a specifk Chance of being must be satis- exceeded. Also influenced by factors such as over- fied capacity of such Systems, and the uniformity of their Performance in providing thermal comfort in different Parts of a build

46、ing 1) 1 met = 58 W/m* 2) 1 Cl0 = 0,16 m*.OC/W 4 SANS 831-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .Cl ISO 6240:1980, Performance standards in building - Contents and presentation. ISO 6242=1:1992(E) Annex A (informative) Bibliogr

47、aphy 2 ISO 6241:1984, Performance Standards in building - Principles for their preparation and factors to be considered. 3 ISO 7162:1992, Performance Standards in building - Contents and format of Standards for evaluation of Performance. 4 ISO 7164-l:-1, Performance Standards in building - Part 1: D

48、efinitions and means of expression for the Performance of a whole building. S ISO 7726:1985, Thermal environments - Instru- ments and methods for measuring physical quan tities. 7 ISO 7730:1984, Moderate thermal environments - Determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specifkation of the conditio

49、ns for thermal comfort. 8 ISO 7933:1989, Hof environments - AnalyticaI determination and interpretation of thermal stress using calculation of required sweat rate. 9 ISO 8996:1990, Ergonomics - Determination of metabolic heat production. CS ISO 7243:1989, Hot environments - Estimation of the heat stress on working man, based on the WBGT-index (wet bulb globe temperature). IO ANSVASHRAE 55:1981, Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. 1) To be published. SABSSANS 831-1:2009 SABSThis s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscrip