1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22588-9 SANS 8601:2009Edition 2ISO 8601:2004Edition 3 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Data elements and interchange formats Information in
4、terchange Representation of dates and times This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 8601:2004 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 00
5、01Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 8601:2009 Edition 2 ISO 8601:2004 Edition 3 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 70, Legal metrology, in accordance with procedures of the S
6、ABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in July 2009. This SANS document supersedes SANS 8601:2003 (edition 1). Reference numberISO 8601:2004(E)ISO 2004INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO8601Third edition2004-12-01Data elements and interch
7、ange formats Information interchange Representation of dates and times lments de donnes et formats dchange change dinformation Reprsentation de la date et de lheure SANS 8601:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 8601:2004(E
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10、ative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO
11、2004 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the c
12、ountry of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reservedSANS 8601:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscript
13、ion and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 8601:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 2.1 Basic concepts 1 2.2 Time units, nominal durations and time intervals . 4 2.3 Representations and formats 7 3 Fundamental princi
14、ples 7 3.1 Basic rules . 7 3.2 Time scales 8 3.3 Representations and format representations 10 3.4 Characters used in the representations . 10 3.5 Expansion 12 3.6 Leading zeros 12 3.7 Mutual agreement . 12 4 Date and time representations. 13 4.1 Date. 13 4.2 Time of day 15 4.3 Date and time of day.
15、 18 4.4 Time interval 20 4.5 Recurring time interval. 23 5 Date and time format representations 25 Annex A (informative) Relationship to ISO 2014, ISO 2015, ISO 2711, ISO 3307 and ISO 4031 . 26 Annex B (informative) Examples of representations 27 Bibliography . 33 SANS 8601:2009This s tandard may on
16、ly be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 8601:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Int
17、ernational Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison w
18、ith ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of techni
19、cal committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn
20、to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 8601 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 154, Processes, data elements and documents in commerce, industry an
21、d administration. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 8601:2000), of which it constitutes a minor revision. SANS 8601:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 8601:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserve
22、d vIntroduction Although ISO Recommendations and Standards in this field have been available since 1971, different forms of numeric representation of dates and times have been in common use in different countries. Where such representations are interchanged across national boundaries misinterpretati
23、on of the significance of the numerals can occur, resulting in confusion and other consequential errors or losses. The purpose of this International Standard is to eliminate the risk of misinterpretation and to avoid the confusion and its consequences. This International Standard includes specificat
24、ions for a numeric representation of information regarding date and time of day. In addition this International Standard includes specifications for representation of the formats of these numeric representations. In order to achieve similar formats for the representations of calendar dates, ordinal
25、dates, dates identified by week number, time intervals, recurring time intervals, combined date and time of day, and differences between local time and UTC of day, and to avoid ambiguities between these representations, it has been necessary to use, apart from numeric characters, either single alpha
26、betic characters or other graphic characters or a combination of alphabetic and other characters in some of the representations. The above action has had the benefit of enhancing the versatility and general applicability of previous International Standards in this field, and provides for the unique
27、representation of any date or time expression or combination of these. Each representation can be easily recognized, which is beneficial when human interpretation is required. This International Standard retains the most commonly used expressions for date and time of day and their representations fr
28、om the earlier International Standards and provides unique representations for some new expressions used in practice. Its application in information interchange, especially between data processing systems and associated equipment will eliminate errors arising from misinterpretation and the costs the
29、se generate. The promotion of this International Standard will not only facilitate interchange across international boundaries, but will also improve the portability of software, and will ease problems of communication within an organization, as well as between organizations. Several of the alphabet
30、ic and graphic characters used in the text of this International Standard are common both to the representations specified and to normal typographical presentation. Note that for units of time in plain text the symbols given in ISO 31-1 should be used. To avoid confusion between the representations
31、and the actual text, its punctuation marks and associated graphic characters, all the representations are contained in brackets . The brackets are not part of the representation, and should be omitted when implementing the representations. All matter outside the brackets is normal text, and not part
32、 of the representation. In the associated examples, the brackets and typographical markings are omitted. SANS 8601:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .SANS 8601:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subsc
33、ription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8601:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Data elements and interchange formats Information interchange Representation of dates and times 1 Scope This International Standard is applicable whenever representation of dates in the
34、 Gregorian calendar, times in the 24-hour timekeeping system, time intervals and recurring time intervals or of the formats of these representations are included in information interchange. It includes calendar dates expressed in terms of calendar year, calendar month and calendar day of the month;
35、ordinal dates expressed in terms of calendar year and calendar day of the year; week dates expressed in terms of calendar year, calendar week number and calendar day of the week; local time based upon the 24-hour timekeeping system; Coordinated Universal Time of day; local time and the difference fr
36、om Coordinated Universal Time; combination of date and time of day; time intervals; recurring time intervals. This International Standard does not cover dates and times where words are used in the representation and dates and times where characters are not used in the representation. This Internatio
37、nal Standard does not assign any particular meaning or interpretation to any data element that uses representations in accordance with this International Standard. Such meaning will be determined by the context of the application. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the follow
38、ing terms and definitions apply. 2.1 Basic concepts 2.1.1 time axis mathematical representation of the succession in time of instantaneous events along a unique axis IEC 60050-111 2.1.2 instant point on the time axis IEC 60050-111 NOTE An instantaneous event occurs at a specific instant. SANS 8601:2
39、009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 8601:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved2.1.3 time interval part of the time axis limited by two instants IEC 60050-111 NOTE A time interval comprises all instants between the two limi
40、ting instants and, unless otherwise stated, the limiting instants themselves. 2.1.4 time scale system of ordered marks which can be attributed to instants on the time axis, one instant being chosen as the origin IEC 60050-111 NOTE 1 A time scale may amongst others be chosen as: continuous, e.g. inte
41、rnational atomic time (TAI) (see IEC 60050-713, item 713-05-18); continuous with discontinuities, e.g. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) due to leap seconds, standard time due to summer time and winter time; successive steps, e.g. usual calendars, where the time axis is split up into a succession of
42、consecutive time intervals and the same mark is attributed to all instants of each time interval; discrete, e.g. in digital techniques. NOTE 2 For physical and technical applications, a time scale with quantitative marks is preferred, based on a chosen initial instant together with a unit of measure
43、ment. NOTE 3 Customary time scales use various units of measurement in combination, such as second, minute, hour, or various time intervals of the calendar such as calendar day, calendar month and calendar year. NOTE 4 A time scale has a reference point which attributes one of the marks of the time
44、scale to one of the instants, thus determining the attribution of marks to instants for the time scale. 2.1.5 time point date time mark attributed to an instant by means of a specified time scale IEC 60050-111 NOTE 1 On a time scale consisting of successive steps, two distinct instants may be expres
45、sed by the same time point (see Note 1 of the term “time scale”). NOTE 2 For many time scales with quantitative marks, the numerical value of the time point of an instant may also be considered to be equal to the duration between the origin of the time scale and the considered instant. NOTE 3 In IEC
46、 60050-111 this definition corresponds with the term “date”. NOTE 4 The term “time” is often used in common language. However, it should only be used if the meaning is clearly visible from the context, since the term “time” is also used with other meanings. 2.1.6 duration non-negative quantity attri
47、buted to a time interval, the value of which is equal to the difference between the time points of the final instant and the initial instant of the time interval, when the time points are quantitative marks IEC 60050-111 SANS 8601:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscript
48、ion and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 8601:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3NOTE 1 In the case of discontinuities in the time scale, such as a leap second or the change from winter time to summer time and back, the computation of the duration requires the subtraction or addition of the c
49、hange of duration of the discontinuity. NOTE 2 Duration is one of the base quantities in the International System of Quantities (ISQ) on which the International System of Units (SI) is based. The term “time” instead of “duration” is often used in this context. NOTE 3 For the term “duration”, expressions such as “time” or “time interval” are often used. The term “time” is not recommended in this sense and the term “time interval” is deprecated in this sense to avoid confusion with the conce
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