SANS 8847-2008 Small craft - Steering gear - Cable and pulley systems《小艇 操舵装置 钢索和滑轮系统》.pdf

1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21974-1 SANS 8847:2008 Edition 1 ISO 8847:2004 Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Small craft Steering gear Cable and pulley systems

4、 This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 8847:2004, and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. c Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344

5、1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 8847:2008 Edition 1 ISO 8847:2004 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SA

6、BS TC 188, Small craft, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in September 2008. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS. Refe

7、rence number ISO 8847:2004(E) ISO 2004INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8847 Second edition 2004-05-01 Small craft Steering gear Cable and pulley systems Petits navires Appareils gouverner Systmes drosses et ras SANS 8847:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemaili

8、ng clients of the SABS.ISO 8847:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing

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11、ariat at the address given below. ISO 2004 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the addr

12、ess below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reservedSANS 8847:2008This standard may only be u

13、sed and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 8847:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Conditions of use 2 5 Constructional requirements. 2 6 Gear marking . 5 7 General

14、installation requirements. 5 8 Owners manual 7 9 Installation manual 7 SANS 8847:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 8847:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardizatio

15、n) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be rep

16、resented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards a

17、re drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Internatio

18、nal Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 8847 was pre

19、pared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188, Small craft. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8847:1987), which has been technically revised. SANS 8847:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.INTERNATIONAL ST

20、ANDARD ISO 8847:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Small craft Steering gear Cable and pulley systems 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the minimum level of requirements for operation, construction and installation of cable and pulley steering systems on sailing craft of hull length u

21、p to 24 m, with or without an auxiliary engine. This International Standard sets requirements for the design and construction of all components of a steering system from the wheel to, and including, the steering arm. It applies only to cable and pulley steering systems, whether for pedestal or bulkh

22、ead types. The design and specifications for the rudder shaft and rudder blade are within the province of the naval architect and are assumed to be appropriate to the size and speed of the boat. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this d

23、ocument. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2408:2004, Steel wire ropes for general purposes Minimum requirements 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document

24、 the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 cable a flexible mechanical means of transmitting tension forces from one location to another NOTE This cable could be metallic or non-metallic. 3.2 cable and pulley steering system system in which rotation of the steering-wheel positions the rudder b

25、lade by mechanical means including cable, pulleys and a steering arm quadrant fastened to the rudder shaft 3.3 steering arm component fixed to the rudder shaft, with at least one groove for the cable, concentric to the shaft centre NOTE The steering arm may be a wheel quadrant see Figure 1 a), a qua

26、drant see Figure 1 b) or a tiller quadrant see Figure 1 c) SANS 8847:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 8847:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserveda) Wheel quadrant b) Quadrant c) Tiller quadrant Figure 1 Examples of steeri

27、ng arm types 3.4 cable load force applied to the cable providing the necessary torque to move the rudder through the rudder shaft and steering arm while the boat is sailing 3.5 cable in conduit steering systems system in which rotation of the steering-wheel positions the rudder blade by mechanical m

28、eans including cable, conduits with or without pulleys, and a steering arm fastened to the rudder shaft 3.6 accessible capable of being reached for inspection, removal or maintenance, without removal of a permanent element of the boat structure 4 Conditions of use To ensure the proper operation of a

29、 steering system, all components shall be fastened securely to the structure of the boat, reinforced where necessary, especially at the bulkhead mounting, pedestal and at pulleys. The steering arm connection to the rudder shaft shall also be capable of transmitting the steering torque to the rudder.

30、 5 Constructional requirements 5.1 Strength All components shall be of sufficient strength to transmit either the tangential force of 450 N on the rim of the wheel specified in 5.6.2, or the maximum torque necessary to steer the rudder. 5.2 Steering arm The radius of the steering arm and the cable d

31、iameter shall be chosen such that the cable load is less than 25 % of the cable breaking load. The steering-arm radius shall be concentric with the shaft centre. The radius at the end of the groove where the cable is led out shall be at least 5 times the diameter of the cable used. See Figure 2. SAN

32、S 8847:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 8847:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3ar W 5 cable diameter. Figure 2 Radius, r 5.3 Cables Cables shall be of flexible construction. Cables shall be suitable for its intended a

33、pplication (e.g. resistant to UV, salt water, hydrocarbons and ozone). Wire-rope characteristics shall meet the specifications given in ISO 2408. The tension shall be adjustable by means of an appropriate tensioner (e.g. a rigging screw) to minimize lost motion. The cable shall be aligned with the g

34、rooves when leaving the steering arm. The cable termination shall be appropriate to transfer the cable loads. EXAMPLE Wire rope, thimble and two cable clamps; swaged terminals; splicing with thimble. 5.4 Pulleys The sheave diameter shall be suitable for the cable used or recommended. NOTE The genera

35、lly accepted minimum diameter is 16 times the diameter of the cable (7 19). If pulleys are of the swivel type, means shall be provided to secure them in the correct position. Pulleys shall be fitted to guide the cable into and out of the sheave, and prevent it jamming against the pulley frame. 5.5 C

36、onduit The conduit shall be of sufficient flexibility to permit a minimum bend radius of 50 times the smallest diameter of the cable it is specified for. The conduit shall be finished at each end with a conduit fitting, which provides a method of clamping the conduit securely and permitting the asse

37、mbly to be locked onto a plate, pulley or terminal unit, which connects the cable onto the chain assembly, intermediate sheave or steering arm (see Figures 3 and 4). SANS 8847:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 8847:2004(E)

38、 4 ISO 2004 All rights reservedKey 1 conduit fitting 2 conduit Figure 3 Example of a conduit fitting 5.6 Steering-wheel The steering-wheel shall be installed on a fixed shaft and shall withstand the axial load and tangential load test listed in 5.6.1 and 5.6.2. 5.6.1 Axial load test Apply a 670 N si

39、ngle push-pull force F (see Figure 5) for 10 cycles of at least 5 s duration each at any single location on the outer wheel rim or the centre of the handgrip of an external spoke in a direction parallel to the centreline of the fixed shaft. Permanent deformation greater than 50 mm is a failure of th

40、e wheel. 5.6.2 Tangential load test Apply a 450 N single push-pull force, F, in each direction (see Figure 6) for 10 cycles of at least 5 s duration each at any single location on the outer wheel rim or the centre of the handgrip of an external spoke of the steering-wheel without separation of the w

41、heel. Figure 4 Example of a cable in the conduit system SANS 8847:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 8847:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 5Figure 5 Application of axial load 6 Gear marking The wheel supporting system s

42、hall be marked with the largest diameter wheel acceptable for this gear. 7 General installation requirements 7.1 Steering system The whole system shall withstand, without loss of steering, the loads resulting from the tests described in 7.1.1 and 7.1.2. 7.1.1 Axial load test Apply a 670 N single pus

43、h-pull load F (see Figure 5) for 10 cycles of 5 s each at any single location on the outer wheel rim or the centre of the handgrip of an external spoke in a direction parallel to the centreline of the wheel shaft. 7.1.2 Tangential load test With the rudder shaft locked and not against a stop, apply

44、a 450 N single push-pull load F (see Figure 6) for 10 cycles of 5 s each to the external rim or the centre of the handgrip of an external spoke of the steering- wheel. 7.2 Steering-arm rotation One or two stops shall be suitably fixed to the structure of the craft to limit over-rotation of the steer

45、ing arm (see Figure 7). The positioning of the stops shall take into consideration the possible dynamic overloading due to shock. No component, except the rudder stop, shall limit the rotation of the steering system. 7.3 Compass interference Materials used in the various components of the steering s

46、ystem as supplied shall not affect the accuracy and reliability of a compass mounted on the pedestal, if used, whatever the steering angle may be. SANS 8847:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 8847:2004(E) 6 ISO 2004 All rig

47、hts reservedFigure 6 Application of tangential load a) One-stop-limited b) Two-stop-limited Figure 7 Steering-arm rotation 7.4 Accessibility The components of the steering system shall be accessible for inspection and maintenance. SANS 8847:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved

48、subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 8847:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 78 Owners manual The following information shall be included in the boat owners manual: routine maintenance procedures; specific precautions critical for correct operation, if relevant. 9 Installation manu

49、al An installation manual shall be provided with the system. It shall include at least the following information: reference of the model type and identification of basic components; general description of operation and reference to specification of rating; maximum corresponding rudder torque; installation instructions; recommended installation test procedures; general description of installations of rudder stops in accordance with 7.2; maximum wheel diameter. SANS 8847:200