SMPTE ST 295M-1997 1920 X 1080 50 HZ - Scanning and Interfaces.pdf

1、ANSVSMPTE 295M-1997 SMPTE STANDARD for Television - 1920 x 1080 50 HZ- Scanning and Interfaces Page 1 of 21 pages Contents 2 Normative references 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 General 4 Scanning 5 System colorimetry 6 Raster structure 7 Digital representation 8 Digital timing reference sequences

2、(SAV, EAV) 9 Ancillary data 1 O Bit-parallel electrical interface 11 Electrical characteristics 12 Clock 13 Bit-parallel mechanical interface 14 Analog sync 15 Analog interface Annex A Production aperture Annex B Pre- and post-filtering characteristics Annex C Bibliography 1 Scope This standard defi

3、nes a family of raster scanning systems for the representation of stationary or moving two-dimensional images sampled temporally at a constant frame rate and having an image format of 1920 x 1080 and an aspect ratio of 16:9 as given in table 1. This standard specifies: - RGB color encoding; - RGB an

4、alog and digital interfaces; - YPIBPR color encoding and analog interface; and - YCBCR color encoding and digital interface. The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated we

5、re valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standards listed below. SMPTE RP 160-1 991, Three-Channel Parallel Analog Component High-Definition Video Interfa

6、ce SMPTE RP 177-1 993, Derivation of Basic Television Color Equations IEC 169-8 (1978), Part 8: R.F. Coaxial Connectors with Inner Diameter of Outer Conductor 6.5 mm (0.256 in) with Bayonet Lock - Characteristic Impedance 50 Ohms (Type BNC), Appendix A (1 993), and Amendment No. 1 (1996) 3 General 3

7、.1 The specification of a system claiming com- pliance with this standard shall state: -which of the scanning systems of table 1 are imple- mented: -which of the analog RGB or YPBPR and/or which of the digital RGB, YCBCR, or YCBCRA interfaces are implemented; ? An auxiliary component A may optionall

8、y accompany YCBCR; this interface is denoted YCBCRA. -whether the digital representation employs eight bits or ten bits. CAUTION NOTICE: This Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the Standard Developer require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this

9、standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the Standard Developer. Printed in USA. Copyright 6 1997 by THE SOCIEIY OF - American National Standard MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION ENGINEE

10、RS 595 W. Harisdale Ave., White Plains, NY 10607 (914) 761 -1 100 Approved Februaty 6,1997 - STD-SMPTE 275M-ENGL 3777 M 8357403 0002742 182 M ANSVCMPTE 295M-1997 I Frame rate Scanning Hz format Table 1 - Scanning systems 2 1920 x 1080/50/2: 1 System nomenclature 1920 1080 25 2:l interlace 74.25 1 19

11、20 x 1080/50/1: 1 2376 Lines per active line height (%AL) (L/PH) 1250 50 1 Progressive Sampling frequency fs (MHz) 148.5 3.2 Digital code word values in this standard are expressed as decimal values in the ten-bit representation. An eight-bit system shall round or truncate to the most significant ei

12、ght bits according to provisions to be described. I I The first field shall convey 540 active picture lines, starting with the top picture line of the frame. The second field shall convey 540 active picture lines, ending with the bottom picture line of the frame. 4.1 Scanning shall be based on a ref

13、erence clock of the sampling frequency indicated in table 1, which shall be maintained to a tolerance of I 10 ppm. 4.2 A frame shall comprise the indicated total lines per frame, each of equal duration, deter- mined by the sampling frequency and the samples per total line (S/TL). Each line shall be

14、uniformly scanned from left to right; lines in a frame shall be uniformly scanned from top to bottom. Lines are numbered in time sequence according to the raster structure described in clause 6. 4.3 Timing instants in each line shall be defined with respect to a horizontal datum denoted by OH, which

15、 is established by horizontal synchro- nizing (sync) information in clauses 8 and 14. Each line shall be divided into a number of reference clock intervals, of equal duration, indicated by the column S/TL in table 1. 4.4 A progressive system shall convey 1080 active picture lines per frame in order

16、top to bottom. per total 2376 1250 5 System colorimetry 4 Scanning 4.5 An interlaced system shall scan a frame as a first field then a second field, in which the scan lines of each field have twice the vertical spatial sampling pitch of the frame. Scanning lines in the second field shall be displace

17、d vertically by the vertical sampling pitch, and scanning timing shall be delayed temporally by half the frame time, from scanning lines in the first field. 5.1 New equipment should be designed in accordance with the colorimetric analysis and optoelectronic transfer function defined in this clause.

18、This corresponds to ITU-R BT.709. 5.2 Digital representation and treatment of wide- gamut color signals are not specified in the current edition of the international standard for HDTV colorimetry, ITU-R BT.709. In particular, coding ranges for digital primary components R, G, and B are not specified

19、. Designers of new equipment are urged to take into account the approach and current status of international agreement. 5.3 Picture information shall be linearly repre- sented by red, green, and blue tristimulus values (RGB) lying in the range O (reference black) to 1 (reference white), whose colori

20、metric attributes are based upon reference primaries with the following chromaticity coordinates, in confor- mance with ITU-R BT.709, and whose white reference conforms to CIE D65 as defined by CIE 15.2: CIE x CIE Y Red primary 0.640 0.330 0.600 Green primary 0.300 Blue primary O. 150 0.060 White re

21、ference 0.31 27 0.3290 5.4 From the red, green, and blue tristimulus values, three nonlinear primary components, i I - Page 2 of 21 pages STD-SMPTE 275fl-ENGL 1797 8357LiOL 00027LI3 017 ANSVSMPTE 295M-1997 R, G, and B, shall be computed according to the optoelectronic transfer function of ITU-R BT.7

22、09, where L denotes a tristimulus value and V denotes a nonlinear primary signal: 6 Raster structure 6.1 For details of vertical timing, see figures 1 and 2. 4.5L, O CB W Cn w L AV3 I AVS z a AV3 LO- O d Y O0 m m O0 7 4 O0 00- O 50 LO (u LO LO- I I I I , AV3 L O - AVS - i AVS AV3 r- 1 I l I I I I I

23、l :,-,A AVs AV3 O Ln CO ;r LO 2 O s O0 - 00- # c A a .- - - Lo Cu al Lo o O c IL r- c C LI- .- a. ul cw -c ZW wa WE c Y - ulul O t w on or 55 a E, ?E - w c O . li I- z E I- l- z i n C P 3 o c E .- 2 8 ci o Q) c o aa x 0 O o ci ic. s 8 Y 3 I Q) Page 14 of 21 pages STD-SMPTE 275M-ENGL 1997 M 8357qOL 0

24、002755 830 ANSVSMPTE 295M-1997 I l i i !I ! I. MAX. Figure 1 O - 93-contact plug (hood) 13.6 Connector contact assignment shall be according to table 4. The shield for each conductor pair shall use the ground pin located between pins for the signal pair, as shown in table 4. 13.7 The overall shield

25、of the multichannel cable shall be electrically connected to the connector hood. The connector hood, in turn, shall be grounded to the frame of the equipment. The shield wire of each twisted pair shall be grounded to the system ground of the equip- ment through a pin contact. There shall be electric

26、al conduction between the overall cable shield and the connector hood and equipment frame. 4 13.8 The cable connectors shall be provided with two M4 mounting screws and the equipment connectors shall be provided with two M4 female screws. PLUD CONNEC T Op i 14 Analog sync 14.1 Details of analog sync

27、 timing are shown in figures 1,3, and 11, and are summarized in table 5. The parameter f not shown in these figures is the dura- tion of the rising edge of the horizontal sync pulse. Table 5 - Analog sync timing Duration Tolerance (T) (T) a (See figure 11) 66 f3 c (See figure 11) 66 f3 -6 +O -0 +6 b

28、 (See figure 11) 2229 e (See figure 11) 309 f Sync rise time 4 f 1.5 g (See figure 11) 1188 Total line 2376 Active line 1920 h (See figure 11) 594 f3 -1 2 An Page 15 of 21 pages STD-SMPTE 275M-ENGL 1997 M 8357403 000275b 777 M ANSUSMPTE 2951111-1997 PBVPR O-1 OH 1; line1250 1 (progressive and interl

29、aced systems) Frame Identification 91 line 625 Field Identification 91 OH +35+ +300-n I In II Il I I -350 -300 -u lu I I +700 +300- Y, R, G, B 0-1 -300- a C b - e- OH NOTES 1 Values for a, b, c, e, g, and h are given in table 5. 2 See also figure 3. n II II II II II 1:L II II II II Il U Figure 11 -

30、Analog interface horizontal timing details Page 16 of 21 pages STD*SMPTE 295M-ENGL 1977 14.2 A positive zero-crossing of a trilevel sync pulse shall define the OH datum for each line. A negative-going transition precedes this instant by 66 reference clock intervals, and another negative-going transi

31、tion follows this instant by 1 66 reference clock intervals. 14.3 Positive transition of a trilevel sync pulse shall be skew symmetric with a rise time from 10% to 90% of 4 I 1.5 reference clock periods. The midpoint of each negative transition shall be coincident with its ideal time within a tolera

32、nce of I3 reference clock periods. 14.4 The trilevel sync pulse shall have structure and timing according to clause 6. The positive peak of sync shall have a level of + 300 mV f 6 mV; its negative peak shall have a level of - 300 mV f 6 mV. The amplitude difference between positive and negative sync

33、 pulses shall be less than 6 mV. 14.5 Each line that includes a vertical sync pulse shall maintain blanking level, here denoted zero, except for the interval(s) occupied by sync pulses. During the horizontal blanking interval, areas not occupied by sync shall be maintained at blanking level, here de

34、noted zero. 14.6 The end of each field and frame shall be identified by the presence of a field pulse in the final line of the field or frame. The pulse shall have a duration of 594T, and shall be situated as shown in figure 11. It will occur in line 1250 for a progressive system, and in lines 625 a

35、nd 1250 in interlaced systems. 14.7 In addition, the end of the first field of an interlaced system shall be marked by a midline Annex A (informative) Production aperture A.l Production aperture A production aperture for the studio digital signal defines an active picture area of 1920 pixels by 1080

36、 lines produced by signal sources such as cameras, telecinec, digital video tape recorders, and computer-generated pictures conform- ing to this standard. 8357Li01 0002757 bU3 ANSVCMPTE 295M-1997 trilevel sync pulse whose elements are delayed from OH by one-half the line duration as shown in figure

37、11, lying in line 625. 15 Analog interface 15.1 An analog interface according to this stand- ard may employ either the RGB component set or the YPBPR component set. 15.2 RGB signals and Y signals shall have bandwidth nominally 60 MHz for progressive systems and 30 MHz for interlaced systems. 15.3 PB

38、PR signals shall have 0.5 the bandwidth of the associated Y signal. 15.4 Each component signal shall be conveyed electrically as a voltage on an unbalanced coaxial cable into a pure-resistive impedance of 75 a. 15.5 For the Y component, reference black (zero) in the expressions of clause 5 shall cor

39、re- spond to a level of O Vdc, and reference white (unity) shall correspond to 700 mV. 15.6 PB and PR components are analog ver- sions of the CB and CR components of 5.7, in which zero shall correspond to a level of O Vdc and reference peak level (value 0.5 of equations in 5.7) shall correspond to a

40、 level of + 350 mV. 15.7 Trilevel sync according to clause 14 shall be added to each analog component. 15.8 Each of the electrical signals in an analog interface employs a connector that shall conform to IEC 169-8, with the exception that the impedance of the connector may be 75 Q, or to SMPTE RP 16

41、0. A.2 Analog blanking tolerance A.2.1 The duration of the maximum active analog video signal measured at the 50% points is standardized as 1920 clock periods. However, the analog blanking period may differ from equipment to equipment and the digital blanking may not coincide with the analog blankin

42、g in actual imple- mentation. Page 17 of 21 pages STD-SMPTE 275M-ENGL 3777 8357403 0002758 54T ANSVSMPTE 2951111-1997 A.2.2 To maximize the active video duration in picture origi- nation sources, it is desirable to have analog blanking match digital blanking. However, recognizing the need for reason

43、- able tolerance in implementation, analog blanking may be wider than digital blanking. A.23 To accommodate a practical implementation of analog blanking within various studio equipments, a toler- ance of six clock periods is provided at the start and end of active video. Accordingly, the analog tol

44、erances to parameters b and e of table 5 are as follows: Nominal Tole rance Definition ref. clocks) ref. clocks) b OH toendof -6 active video 2229 +O e OH to start of -0 active video 309 +6 A.3 Transient reglons AA1 This standard defines a picture aspect ratio of 16:Q with 1920 pixels per active lin

45、e and 1080 active lines. How- ever, digital processing and associated spatial filtering can produce various forms of “transient effects” at picture blanking edges and within adjacent active video that should be taken into account to allow practical implementation of the studio standard. A.3.2 The fo

46、llowing factors contribute to these effects: - bandwidth limitation of component analog signals (most noticeably, the ringing on color-difference signals); - analog filter implementation; - amplitude clipping of analog signals due to the finite dynamic range imposed by the quantization process; - us

47、e of digital blanking in repeated analog-digital-analog conversions; and - tolerance in analog blanking. Annex B (informative) Pre- and post-filtering characteristics A.4 Clean aperture A.4.1 The bandwidth limitation of an analog signal (pre- and post-filtering) can introduce transient ringing effec

48、ts which intrude into the active picture area. Also, multiple digital blanking operations in an analog-digital-analog environment can increase transient ringing effects. Furthermore, cas- caded spatial filtering and/or techniques for handling the horizontal and vertical edges of the picture (associa

49、ted with complex digital processing in post-production) can introduce transient disturbances at the picture boundaries, both hori- zontally and vertically. It is not possible to impose any bounds on the number of cascaded digital processes which might be encountered in the practical post-production system. Hence, recognizing the reality of those picture-edge tran- sient effects, the definition of a system design guideline is introduced in the form of a subjectively artifact