1、SSPC Publication No. 02-05 Item No. 21093Joint StandardSSPC-PA 6/NACE No. 10Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) LiningsApplied to Bottoms of Carbon Steel AbovegroundStorage TanksThis SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings/NACE International (NACE) standard represents aconsensus of those individua
2、l members who have reviewed this document, its scope, andprovisions. It is intended to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. Itsacceptance does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has adopted the standard or not,from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using pro
3、ducts, processes, or procedures notaddressed in this standard. Nothing contained in this SSPC/NACE standard is to be construed asgranting any right, by implication or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, or use in connection with anymethod, apparatus, or product covered by Letters Patent, or as indemnif
4、ying or protecting anyoneagainst liability for infringement of Letters Patent. This standard represents current technology andshould in no way be interpreted as a restriction on the use of better procedures or materials.Neither is this standard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject.
5、 Unpredictablecircumstances may negate the usefulness of this standard in specific instances. SSPC and NACEassume no responsibility for the interpretation or use of this standard by other parties and acceptresponsibility for only those official interpretations issued by SSPC or NACE in accordance wi
6、ththeir governing procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individualvolunteers.Users of this SSPC/NACE standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health, safety,environmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their applicability in relation to th
7、isstandard prior to its use. This SSPC/NACE standard may not necessarily address all potentialhealth and safety problems or environmental hazards associated with the use of materials,equipment, and/or operations detailed or referred to within this standard. Users of thisSSPC/NACE standard are also r
8、esponsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, andenvironmental protection practices, in consultation with appropriate regulatory authorities ifnecessary, to achieve compliance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to theuse of this standard.CAUTIONARY NOTICE: SSPC/NACE
9、 standards are subject to periodic review, and may berevised or withdrawn at any time without prior notice. The user is cautioned to obtain the latestedition. SSPC and NACE require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standardno later than five years from the date of initial pu
10、blication.Approved February 20022002 SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings and NACE InternationalISBN 1-57590-129-3SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings40 24th Street, Sixth FloorPittsburgh, PA 15222(telephone +1 412/281-2331)NACE International1440 South Creek DriveHouston, TX 77084-4906(tel
11、ephone +1 281/228-6200)Printed by SSPC: The Society for Protective CoatingsSSPC-PA 6/NACE No. 10SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings i_ForewordThis standard recommended practice specifies the procedures to design, apply, and inspectfiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) linings that are applied in
12、ternally to the bottom of carbon steelaboveground storage tanks (ASTs). FRP linings are used worldwide to prevent the corrosion anddeterioration of storage tank bottoms in petroleum, petrochemical, and other services. Experiencehas shown that the useful life of an FRP lining may exceed 25 years. API
13、(1)Standard 6531permits aminimum remaining thickness of the tank bottom plate to be 1.25 mm (0.050 in.) when lined with FRPcompared to a thickness of 2.5 mm (0.10 in.) if unlined or lined with a nonreinforced coating systemand not equipped with a tank bottom leak detection system. This standard will
14、 serve as a resource forfacility owners preparing specifications to achieve successful lining applications in ASTs in thepetroleum/petrochemical industry. The practices described are also useful during preparation ofspecifications for ASTs in other services.This joint standard was prepared by the SS
15、PC/NACE Task Group 009 on Fiberglass-ReinforcedPlastic Linings for Aboveground Storage Tank Floors. This task group is administered by NACESpecific Technology Group (STG) 80 on Intersociety Joint Coatings Activities, and also sponsored bySTG 03 on Protective Coatings and Linings: Immersion/Buried. T
16、his standard is published by SSPCand by NACE under the auspices of STG 80._(1)American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L St. NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070.SSPC-PA 6/NACE No. 10ii SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings_Joint StandardSSPC-PA 6/NACE No. 10Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Linings
17、Applied toBottoms of Carbon Steel Aboveground Storage TanksContents1. General .12. Definitions .13. Lining Materials 24. Storage Tank Preparation .35. Applicator Qualifications and Submissions .36. Surface Preparation .37. Holding Primer Application 48. Caulking and Coving Application 49. Laminate A
18、pplication .510. Roof Leg Bearing (Striker) Plates .711. FRP Lining Inspection, Testing, and Repair7References8Bibliography 9Appendix A: Documents and Standards to Be Used in Conjunction with this Standard.10Figure 1: Squeegee Application of Caulk 4Figure 2: Schematic of Overlap at Floor Plate or St
19、riker Plate Showing Caulking andSingle Laminate Application.5Figure 3: Schematic of Caulking and Single Laminate Applied at Juncture of Sketch Plateand Shell Plate5Figure 4: Wet-Film Thickness Gauge 6Table 1: Items Evaluated by Inspector 8_SSPC-PA 6/NACE No. 10SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatin
20、gs 1_Section 1: General1.1 Procedures outlined below and detailed in subsequentsections of this standard shall be followed for the successfulapplication of a FRP lining system.1.1.1 Abrasive blast clean the storage tank bottomand, as a minimum, the lower 60 cm (24 in.) of the tankshell. The owner sh
21、ould confirm that this minimumtank shell height is acceptable. Inspect cleanedsurfaces just prior to primer or coating application.1.1.2 If required, apply primer to the storage tank floorand the lower 60 cm (24 in.) of the tank shell.1.1.3 Apply caulk to the properly prepared tank floor,deep pits,
22、equipment supports, striker (bearing) plates,and chine angle, as required.1.1.4 Apply resin and glass reinforcement to the tankbottom and lower shell course. If a two-layer or doublelaminate system is applied, extend the first layer 45 cm(18 in.) up the tank shell and the second 30 cm (12 in.)up the
23、 tank shell. At least 15 cm (6 in.) of blasted andprimed shell wall shall be visible above the first coat oflaminate.1.1.5 Repair defects in the laminate prior to theapplication of the topcoat. (See Section 2.)1.1.6 Apply a topcoat to the laminate applied to thefloor and to the tank shell.1.1.7 Duri
24、ng all phases of the tank lining systemapplication, inspection shall be carried out by theapplicator and, when appropriate, by the ownersinspector. (See Section 11.)1.1.8 The lining applicator shall record all pertinentinformation concerning the entire tank bottom liningwork within the NACE Coating
25、Inspectors Logbook2orequivalent. This logbook shall be available at all timesto the owner or owners inspector.1.1.9 During all phases of the lining operation, thelining applicator shall comply with the ownersprescribed working procedures.1.1.10 Do not line storage tank nozzles or coatinternal tank e
26、quipment, piping, or heating coilsupports. Terminate the FRP lining at such supportswith a design that ensures leak and corrosionresistance of the applied lining.1.1.11 All applicable safety regulations must befollowed during surface preparation, application, andcuring of the lining system.1.2 For a
27、 listing of documents and standards that shall beused in conjunction with this standard, refer to Appendix A.1.2.1 The lining manufacturers technical data sheetsfor coating materials and glass reinforcement; materialsafety data sheets (MSDS); and application instructionsshall be used in conjunction
28、with the documents listedin Appendix A and the requirements contained withinthis standard.1.2.2 Any conflict between documents shall beresolved by the owner._Section 2: Definitions(2)Abrasive Blast Cleaning: Also called abrasive blasting, asurface preparation method that uses an abrasive propelledby
29、 air pressure, centrifugal force, or water pressure to cleanand usually to profile a surface.Barcol Hardness: Hardness value obtained by measuringthe resistance to penetration of a sharp steel point under aspring load.Caulk: A heavy putty-like material composed of resin,curing agents, and fillers us
30、ed to fill pitted areas, contouruneven surfaces, and encapsulate rivets.Coving: Applying caulk at the intersection of the tank floorplate and shell in concave form.Curing: Chemical process of developing the intendedproperties of a coating or other material (e.g., resin) over aperiod or time.Dry-Film
31、 Thickness (DFT): Depth of cured film, usuallyexpressed in micrometers (millionths of a meter) or mils(thousandths of an inch). For FRP linings, the dry-filmthickness may be expressed in millimeters._(2)Some definitions are extracted from Inspection of Coatings and Linings,3SSPC, 1997, Appendix B Gl
32、ossary; Protective CoatingsGlossary,4SSPC 00-07; and NACE Glossary of Corrosion-Related Terms,5NACE, 2000.SSPC-PA 6/NACE No. 102 SSPC: The Society for Protective CoatingsFiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP): Resin linings,usually polyester, vinyl ester, or epoxy, into which layers offiberglass are in
33、corporated to optimize the linings structuralcapability and performance.Fillet Weld: A weld, approximately triangular in cross-section, joining two surfaces essentially at right angles toeach other in a lap, tee, or corner joint.Holding Primer: A thin-film primer applied to prevent rustblooming prio
34、r to the application of the topcoat system.Holiday Detector, High-Voltage Type: Also called a sparktester, an instrument for detecting holidays in anonconductive coating applied over a conductive substrate.A spark test instrument applies a voltage to the surface witha probe that creates a spark when
35、ever a holiday, pinhole, orother defect is found. The spark triggers an alarm or lighton the instrument. The voltage used depends on thecoating type and thickness.Laminate: A reinforced plastic composed of layers of resinand fiberglass.Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): The concentration, atordinary ambie
36、nt temperatures, of a gas or vapor in airbelow which an explosion will not occur if the mixture isignited. The concentration is expressed as a percent of thegas vapor in air by volume.Manufacturers Technical Data Sheet: Sheet printed bythe supplier of a product to provide instructions andinformation
37、 on its use.Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS): A printed sourceof information about the hazards of materials, includingcoatings. Federal law, the Hazard CommunicationStandard, requires that an MSDS be published and suppliedby the manufacturer of a hazardous material. The law alsorequires that empl
38、oyees have ready access to the MSDS inthe workplace. The MSDS contains the followinginformation: (1) product identification; (2) hazardousingredients, their permissible exposure limits (PEL), andthreshold limit value (TLV); (3) physical properties; (4) fireand explosion hazard data; (5) health hazar
39、d data; (6)chemical reactivity/stability data; (7) spill and leakprocedures; (8) special protection information; and (9)additional special precautions.Mil: One thousandth (0.001) of an inch. 1 mil = 25micrometers (m). The thickness of a coating on a surfacesometimes is expressed in mils and sometime
40、s inmicrometers.Owner: The representative of the facility ownersorganization responsible for the work; others who areprobably involved include safety personnel, tank engineers,storage tank inspectors, corrosion engineers, and coatingand lining specialists.Pitting: Localized corrosion of a metal surf
41、ace confined toa small area that takes the form of cavities. For thepurposes of this standard there are two general types ofpits, described by Uhlig6as “shallow“ and “deep.“ Shallowpits have diameters greater than their depths. Deep pitshave depths greater than their diameters.Potable Water: Water t
42、hat is fit for human consumption,mainly drinking water.Surface Profile: The roughened surface that results fromabrasive blast cleaning or power tool cleaning to bare metal.For steel, surface profile is a measurement of the peak-to-valley height of the roughness.Topcoat: The final coat applied over t
43、he FRP laminate toseal the laminate surface and enhance water andhydrocarbon resistance. Frequently this topcoat is alsoreferred to as gel coat, seal coat, or flood coat._Section 3: Lining Materials3.1 The laminating resins most frequently used for FRPtank bottom linings include:3.1.1 Epoxy or epoxy
44、 copolymers.3.1.2 Epoxy-novolac.3.1.3 Polyesters such as iso, bisphenol-a, and vinylesters.3.2 Primers, caulking/coving materials, laminating resin,and topcoats shall be supplied by one manufacturer, unlessotherwise approved by the owner.3.3 Suitable glass reinforcement, including continuouswoven ro
45、ving, random fiberglass mat, or otherreinforcements recommended by the lining manufacturer,shall be approved by the owner.3.4 FRP lining systems with proven long-term effectivenesscan be proposed by the manufacturer for application tostorage tanks in specific services. Alternatives will beconsidered
46、; however, the owner is responsible for selectingthe laminating system and design to be used.SSPC-PA 6/NACE No. 10SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings 3_Section 4: Storage Tank Preparation4.1 Prior to lining application, including surface preparation,the owner shall clean and inspect the bottom
47、 of the ASTand shall have made all repairs deemed necessary inaccordance with API Standard 653. In addition, thefollowing requirements shall be carried out on surfaces tobe lined:4.1.1 Remove weld spatter.4.1.2 Remove any sharp weld peaks that would bedetrimental to the lining application or the liningperformance.4.1.3 Repair by filling with weld metal, adhesivelybonding steel plates, or welding steel plates on deepcorrosion pits that cannot be adequately abrasive blastcleaned.4.2 The tank bottom shall be inspected for contaminantssuch as ch
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