1、SSPC-PA 7July 1, 2002Editorial Revisions November 1, 20047-771. Scope1.1 This specifi cation covers methods and procedures for applying thin fi lm organic coatings to concrete surfaces by brush, roller, or spray. It is not intended for coatings applied to concrete fl oors or similar surfaces where t
2、hick coatings or surfacings are applied by trowel or mechanical equipment. Surface preparation, pretreatments, and selection of coatings are not covered, except where application requirements are affected, since these are discussed in referenced docu-ments. 1.2 This specifi cation is intended for us
3、e by owners, ap-plicators, and others in the coating industry.2. Description2.1 This document was prepared to meet the unique physical and chemical properties of concrete and should not be used for the coating of other substrates.2.2 This specifi cation is only applicable to thin-fi lm coatings. 3.
4、Referenced Standards3.1 The latest issue, revision, or amendment of the refer-enced standards in effect on the date of invitation to bid shall govern unless otherwise specifi ed. Those documents marked with an asterisk (*) are referenced only in the Notes, which are not requirements of this specifi
5、cation.3.2 If there is a confl ict between the requirements of any of the cited referenced standards and this specifi cation, the requirements of this specifi cation shall prevail. 3.3 SSPC STANDARDS AND JOINT STANDARDS:PA 1 Shop, Field, and Maintenance Painting of SteelPA Guide 3 A Guide to Safety
6、in Paint ApplicationPA Guide 5 Guide to Maintenance Painting ProgramsPaint 32 Coal Tar Emulsion CoatingPaint 33 Coal Tar Mastic, Cold-Applied* PS Guide 17.00 Guide for Selecting Urethane Paint-ing Systems* SP 12/NACE No. 5 Surface Preparation and Cleaning of Metals by Waterjetting Prior to Coating*
7、SP 13/NACE No. 6 Surface Preparation of ConcreteTU 2/NACE 6G197 Design, Installation, and Main-tenance of Coating Systems for Concrete Used in Secondary Con-tainment3.4 ACI INTERNATIONAL (ACI) STANDARDS1* 224.1R Causes, Evaluation, and Repair of Cracks in Concrete Structures* 503R Use of Epoxy Compo
8、unds with Concrete504R Guide to Joint Sealants for Concrete Struc-tures3.5 ASTM INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS2D 16 Terminology Relating to Paint Related Coat-ings, Materials, and Applications* D 2240 Standard Test Method for Rubber Property - Durometer Hardness* D 2583 Standard Test Method for Indentation
9、 Hard-ness of Rigid Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor* D 3363 Standard Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil TestD 4138 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive MeansD 4263 Standard Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete
10、 by the Plastic Sheet MethodD 4285 Standard Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Compressed AirD 4414 Standard Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness of Organic Coatings by Notch Gages* D 4541 Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion TestersD 4787 Stand
11、ard Practice for Continuity Verifi cation of Liquid or Sheet Linings Applied to Concrete Substrates * D 5064 Standard Practice for Conducting a Patch Test to Assess Coating Compatibility1 ACI International, P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333.2ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Co
12、nshohocken, PA 19428-2951.SSPC: The Society for Protective CoatingsPAINT APPLICATION SPECIFICATION NO. 7Applying Thin Film Coatings to ConcreteSSPC-PA 7July 1, 2002Editorial Revisions November 1, 20047-78* D 5402 Standard Practice for Assessing the Solvent Resistance of Organic Coatings Using Sol-ve
13、nt RubsD 6132 Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Applied Organic Coatings Over Concrete Using an Ultrasonic GageE 1907 Standard Practices for Determining Moisture-Related Acceptability of Concrete Floors to Receive Moisture-Sensitive FinishesF 1869 Standard
14、Test Method for Measuring Mois-ture Vapor Emission Rate of Concrete Sub-fl oor Using Anhydrous Calcium Chloride3.6 INTERNATIONAL CONCRETE REPAIR INSTITUTE (ICRI):3* Guideline No. 03732 Selecting and Specifying Concrete Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, and Polymer Overlays3.7 NACE INTERNATI
15、ONAL STANDARD:4 RP0188 Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of New Pro-tective Coatings on Conductive Surfaces3.8 AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION (AWWA) STANDARD:5C-203 Coal Tar Protective Coatings and Linings for Steel Water Pipelines Enamel and Tape - Hot-Applied4. Defi nitions6Bituminous Coating: A p
16、rotective asphalt- or tar-based coating applied as a hot melt, solvent cutback, or water emul-sion. Bug Holes: Small regular or irregular cavities, usually not exceeding 15 mm (0.6 inch) in diameter, resulting from entrapment of air bubbles in the surface of formed concrete during placement and cons
17、olidation.Coating: A thin, liquefi able, or mastic composition that is converted to a solid protective, decorative, or functional adherent fi lm after application as a thin layer. Generic term for paint, lacquer, enamel, etc. Concrete: A composite material that consists essentially of a binding medi
18、um within which are embedded particles or fragments of aggregate, usually a combination of fi ne aggregate and coarse aggregate; in Portland cement concrete, the binder is a mixture of Portland cement and water.Curing Agent: An additive component, sometimes called a hardener or (incorrectly) a catal
19、yst, that helps a coating fi lm or concrete cure by chemical reaction.Effl orescence: A white crystalline or powdery deposit on the surface of concrete. Effl orescence results from leaching of lime or calcium hydroxide out of a permeable concrete mass over time by water, followed by reaction with ca
20、rbon dioxide and acidic pollutants. Form Release Agents: Compounds, such as petroleum oil, wax, and silicone, applied to concrete forms to allow easy removal from placed concrete after it has cured. Laitance: A thin, weak, brittle layer of cement and ag-gregate fi nes on a concrete surface. The amou
21、nt of laitance is infl uenced by the type and amount of admixtures, the degree of working, and the amount of water in the concrete. Maintenance Coating: A coating designed to protect highway and railroad structures, chemical and manufacturing plants, public utilities, and other heavy-duty industrial
22、 facilities from deterioration.Outgassing: The spontaneous discharge of air or moisture vapor from concrete. Pores: Small interconnected voids, such as in concrete, which allow fl uids to penetrate an otherwise impervious material.Porosity: The ratio, usually expressed as a percentage, of the volume
23、 of voids in a material to the total volume of the material including the voids. Thin Film Coatings for Concrete: In this document, thin fi lm coatings are defi ned as coatings with less than 500 m (20 mils) dry fi lm thickness.5. Pre-Application Procedures5.1 MATERIALS HANDLING AND USE5.1.1 All coa
24、ting products shall be delivered to the work site in original, unopened containers with labels intact. Minor damage to containers is acceptable if the container has not been punctured or crimped or has had the lid seal broken. Each product shall have a readily accessible material safety data sheet.5
25、.1.2 Each container shall be clearly marked or labeled to show coating identifi cation, date of manufacture, batch number, basic chemical composition, special instructions, and other information as needed to meet governmental requirements.5.1.3 All containers of coating shall remain unopened until r
26、equired for use. Containers should be opened only as necessary to provide material to the painters. Any mixed mate-rial that has exceeded the stated pot life shall be disposed of promptly and not used. The data on the container label shall remain legible throughout the use of the contents. See Note
27、13.1 for additional information on storage temperatures.3International Concrete Repair Institute, 1323 Shepherd Drive, Sterling, VA 20164.4NACE International, P.O. Box 218340, Houston TX 77218.5 American Water Works Association, 6666 West Quincy Ave, Denver, CO 80235.6Defi nitions taken from SSPC Pr
28、otective Coatings Glossary (SSPC 00-07) with the exception of the defi nition of Thin Film Coatings.SSPC-PA 7July 1, 2002Editorial Revisions November 1, 20047-795.1.4 Coating that has livered, gelled, or otherwise dete-riorated during storage shall not be used but removed from the work site. However
29、, thixotropic materials that can be stirred to attain normal consistency may be used.5.1.5 No coating shall be used which has exceeded its manufacturers listed shelf life. While this is normally one year for most conventional coatings, products such as 100% solids coatings often have longer shelf li
30、ves and some vinyl esters have much shorter shelf lives. Toward this end, the oldest container of coating shall be used fi rst. The owner, at his own discretion, may permit a coating that has exceeded its shelf life to be used, after recertifi cation by the manufacturer.5.2 MIXING: In all cases, the
31、 manufacturers written in-structions for mixing shall be followed, and the products shall be checked for complete uniformity.5.2.1 Single Component Coatings: Single component coatings shall be thoroughly mixed to obtain a uniform com-position. Coating that does not have a limited pot life or does no
32、t deteriorate on standing may be mixed at any time before using, but if settling or phase separation has occurred it must be remixed immediately before using. Coating shall not remain in spray pots, painters buckets, etc., overnight but shall be stored in a covered container and remixed before use.5
33、.2.2 Multiple Component Coatings: For multiple com-ponent coatings, each component shall be thoroughly mixed before combining and further mixing. Normally, catalysts, curing agents, or hardeners are added to the base resin. The manufacturers induction time (sweat-in time) and pot life for the ambien
34、t temperature and volume of coating used shall be observed. Any unused catalyzed coating shall be discarded at the end of its pot life, or each work day, whichever occurs fi rst.5.2.3 Mixing Dry Pigments: Dry pigments that are separately packaged shall be mixed into coatings in such a manner that th
35、ey are uniformly blended and all particles of the dry powder are wetted by the vehicle.5.2.4 Mixing Pastes: Pastes shall be made into coatings in such a manner that the paste shall be uniformly blended and all lumps and particles broken up to form a homogenous coating.5.2.5 Manual (Hand) Mixing: Mos
36、t of the vehicle shall be poured off into a clean container. The pigment in the coating shall be lifted from the bottom of the container with a broad, fl at paddle, lumps shall be broken up, and the pigment thoroughly mixed with the remaining vehicle. The poured-off vehicle shall be returned to the
37、coating with simultaneous stirring, or boxed until the composition is uniform. “Boxing” is the process of mixing coating by pouring from one container to another. The maximum container size for “boxing” shall be fi ve gallons.5.2.6 Power Mixing: The coating manufacturers instruc-tions shall be follo
38、wed when power mixing (see Note 13.2).5.2.7 Straining: All pigmented coating shall be strained after mixing except where application equipment is provided with strainers. Strainers shall be of a size to remove only skins and undesirable matter but not to remove the pigment.5.2.8 Skins: Where a skin
39、has formed in the container, the skin shall be cut loose from the sides of the container, re-moved, and discarded. If the volume of such skins is visually estimated to be more than 2% of the remaining coating, the coating shall not be used.5.2.9 Ventilation: Mixing of solvent-containing coatings in
40、open containers shall be done in a well-ventilated area away from sparks or fl ames.5.2.10 Air Mixing: Coating shall not be mixed or kept in suspension by means of an air stream bubbling under the coating surface.5.2.11 Plural Component Spray: When plural component spray equipment is used for applic
41、ation, each component of the coating shall be thoroughly mixed in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and then applied by the plural component equipment in the ratio recommended by the manu-facturer.5.3 THINNING 5.3.1 No thinner shall be added to the coating unless necessary for proper ap
42、plication (see Note 13.3).5.3.2 The type of thinner shall be that recommended by the coating manufacturer, and the amount of thinning shall not exceed that recommended by the manufacturer.5.3.3 Each coating, after thinning, must conform to published government regulations regarding volatile organic
43、compound (VOC) content.6. Factors Affecting Application of Coatings to Concrete6.1 MOISTURE6.1.1 The moisture in the concrete shall be tested by the plastic sheet test (ASTM D 4263), by a calcium chloride test (ASTM E 1907 or ASTM F 1869), or by a moisture meter ap-proved by the owner to establish t
44、hat it meets the manufacturers requirements for the specifi c coating used (see Note 13.4). 6.1.2 Coating shall not be applied in rain, fog, or mist or when the surface temperature is less than 3 C (5 F) above the dew point.SSPC-PA 7July 1, 2002Editorial Revisions November 1, 20047-806.1.3 For moist
45、ure-curing coatings, waterborne coatings, or other moisture-sensitive coatings, the humidity shall remain within the range recommended by the coating manufacturer. 6.2 TEMPERATURE6.2.1 Coating shall not be applied when the temperature of the substrate, coating, or surrounding air is outside the manu
46、facturers recommended range without the written ap-proval of the manufacturer and the owner. If no recommendation is given, use a minimum of 13C (55F) for chemically curing coatings, and 4C (40F) for others, and a maximum of 38C (100F) (see Note 13.5).6.2.2 Unless otherwise recommended by the manufa
47、c-turer, no coating shall be applied when the temperature of the concrete substrate exceeds the surrounding air temperature by more than 10 C (18 F) (see Note 13.5).6.3 TOPCOATING OR OVERCOATING6.3.1 Each coat of a multiple coat system shall be in a proper state of drying or curing before applicatio
48、n of the suc-ceeding coat, in accordance with the manufacturers recom-mendation.6.3.2 When the maximum recoat time is exceeded or when topcoating an existing fully cured coating, the existing coating shall be mildly abraded, solvent washed, or otherwise treated according to the manufacturers recomme
49、ndation before ap-plying the next coat.6.3.3 In a multiple coat system, with the exception of fl oors, different colored coats shall be used to produce enough contrast to indicate complete hiding of the undercoat.6.4 SURFACE POROSITY6.4.1 Concrete pores shall be fi lled or sealed as directed by the contract specifi cation (see Note 13.6).6.4.2 The prime coat for rough concrete surfaces shall be applied by brush or as directed by the contract specifi cation. If the contract document does not address the application of the primer, the manufacturers instructions shall be f
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