1、 ANSI/TIA/EIA-136-250-2001 Approved: April 23, 2001 TIA/EIA STANDARD TIA/EIA-136-250 TDMA Third Generation Wireless - Minimum Performance Standards for ACELP Voice Activity Detection (VAD) TIA/EIA-136-250 APRIL 2001 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION The Telecommunications Industry Association
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19、T, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAG
20、ES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA/EIA-136-250iContentsList of Tables .ii1. Introduction11.1 Scope11.2 Definitions .12. VAD Minimum Standards .22.1 Delay Requ
21、irements.22.2 Performance Requirements 22.2.1 Test Cases 32.2.1.1 Source Speech Material.52.2.1.2 Source Noise Material.62.2.2 Test Procedure62.2.2.1 Generation of Test Cases72.2.2.2 Processing of Test Cases 72.2.2.3 Generation of Performance Metrics72.2.2.4 Evaluation of Performance Metrics 8Annex
22、A CD-ROM Contents (normative) 10Annex B Sample Performance Metrics (informative) 12Annex C Sample Evaluation Metrics (informative) .14Annex D References (informative).16TIA/EIA-136-250iiList of TablesTable 2.2.1-1 VAD Test File Cases .3Table 2.2.1.1-1 Speech Data Files.5Table 2.2.1.1-2 Truth Mark Fi
23、les .5Table 2.2.1.2-1 Noise Data Files.6Table 2.2.2.2-1 VAD Mark File Code Format7Table 2.2.2.4-1 VAD Test Evaluation Cases 8Table A-1 CD-ROM Contents11TIA/EIA-136-25011. Introduction1This document supercedes TIA/EIA-IS-727. This standard describes definitions, methods of2measurement, minimum delay
24、and performance requirements for all voice-activity detectors (VADs)3to be used with the enhanced full-rate vocoder (TIA/EIA-136-410) with comfort-noise generation4(CNG). If both TIA/EIA-136-410 (ACELP) and TIA/EIA-136-440 (AMR) are implemented in one5mobile station then GSM VAD1 or GSM VAD2 (GSM 06
25、.94) bit exact implementation is required6and the minimum performance part of this document does not apply. This standard applies to7mobile stations operating in the discontinuous transmission (DTX) mode.8This standard consists of this document and a software distribution on the accompanying CD-ROM9
26、containing ten (10) speech data files, ten (10) truth mark files corresponding to each speech file, four10(4) background noise files, the example files in Annexes B and C, and one (1) C source file for a11software tool to generate test cases and to produce and to evaluate the performance metrics. A1
27、2listing of the CD-ROM contents appears in Annex A.131.1 Scope14This document specifies the procedures to be employed to verify that implementations of VAD15processing in conjunction with the TIA/EIA-136-410 DTX/CNG feature meet strict minimum16performance requirements.17This document describes the
28、test database, a method for generating individual test data files, the test18requirements on candidate VADs, a method to collect performance metrics, and a means to test those19metrics so as to validate conformance to the specification.20The purpose of this standard is to define minimum performance
29、levels for the VAD; however, the21manufacturer should attempt to provide the highest possible level of performance.221.2 Definitions23dBov. Sound level in decibels with respect to 16-bit overload (the maximum value in a 16-bit word,2432768).25Frame. A 160-sample data block corresponding to the lengt
30、h of the TIA/EIA-136-410 processing26block.27Mark. Refers to the indicator which designates a frame in a particular data file as either speech or28non-speech.29Modified-IRS. Modified Intermediate Reference System 1 refers to the characteristic spectral30shaping of speech signals by the telephone net
31、work.31Normalize. The scaling of speech, noise or speech + noise data with respect to 16-bit overload.32Offset. Refers to the few frames of speech at the end of an utterance. For the purpose of this33standard, this shall be defined as three frames.34Onset. Refers to the few frames of speech at the b
32、eginning of an utterance. For the purpose of this35standard, this shall be defined as three frames.36TIA/EIA-136-2502Pclip. The probability that speech frames are incorrectly designated as non-speech by the VAD.1For the purpose of this standard, probabilities shall be listed as fractions such that 0
33、 1 Pclip .2Pdetect. The probability that speech frames are correctly designated as speech by the VAD. For3the purpose of this standard, probabilities shall be listed as fractions such that 0 1 Pdetect .4PCM. Pulse-Coded Modulation refers to speech, noise, or speech + noise data whose sample5amplitud
34、es are stored linearly in 16-bit, twos complement words.6SNR. Active speech level with respect to noise level expressed in decibels.7Steady-State, or Steady. Refers to the speech frames between onsets and offsets.8VAD. Voice-Activity Detector, or voice-activity detection refers to the process or alg
35、orithm that9labels data frames as speech or non-speech.10VAF. Voice-Activity Factor is the fraction of time that a VAD designates frames as speech.11DVAF. Delta Voice-Activity Factor is the difference between the candidate VAF and the true VAF12divided by the true VAF, where the true VAF is determin
36、ed from a perfect VAD which correctly13calls all speech frames as speech and all non-speech frames as non-speech.14Vocoder. A device for the coding of a signal into a digital representation152. VAD Minimum Standards16The candidate VAD shall meet objective delay and performance requirements. There ar
37、e no17subjective performance requirements.182.1 Delay Requirements19Whether the VAD is a stand-alone pre-processor or is integrated with the TIA/EIA-136-41020vocoder, the algorithmic delay, which includes the buffering and look-ahead delays, for the VAD-21plus-vocoder combination shall not exceed th
38、at of the TIA/EIA-136-410 vocoder by itself.222.2 Performance Requirements23When operational, the VAD shall be used in conjunction with the TIA/EIA-136-410 enhanced full-24rate vocoder and comfort-noise generation to allow for variable-rate operation. Variable-rate25operation of the vocoder will deg
39、rade the quality of the transmitted speech as the number of speech26frames that are misclassified as non-speech increases. Likewise, if a VAD classifies more non-speech27frames as speech, the advantage of the DTX/CNG feature in reducing the mobile station transmitter28duty cycle is not fully realize
40、d. To ensure a maximum level of voice-quality during VAD operation,29strict limits on the number and type of speech frames that are allowed to be misclassified as non-30speech shall be met. To ensure that the DTX/CNG feature also realizes sufficient power savings,31strict limits are placed on the de
41、viation from the true voice-activity factor.32The objective performance requirements are based on statistics from processing test cases consisting33of conversational test files which have been determined to contain sufficient distributions of speech34utterance types to adequately exercise the VAD al
42、gorithm.35TIA/EIA-136-25032.2.1 Test Cases1Test cases have been chosen to exercise the range of VAD processing. Speech data files are2presented to the VAD at low, nominal and high normalization levels, with different types and SNR3levels of background noise having both stationary and non-stationary
43、characteristics.4Ten speech data files and four noise data files are combined in various ratios according to Table 2.2.1-51 to yield 80 test cases. Normalization values are in units of dBov and SNR values are in units of dB6relative to the speech ( dB refers to the no-noise case). For example, Case
44、1. consists of speech file7m1left1.nom normalized to -36 dBov combined with noise file train.nom added for a SNR8of 6 dB.9Table 2.2.1-1 VAD Test File Cases10Case Speech file Normalization Noise file SNR1. m1left1.nom -36 Train.nom 62. m1left1.nom -26 Garage.nom 123. m1left1.nom -16 Street.nom 184. m
45、1left1.nom -26 - 5. m1left1.nom -16 - 6. m1left1.nom -36 Car.nom 187. m1left1.nom -26 Train.nom 128. m1left1.nom -16 Garage.nom 69. m2right1.nom -26 Garage.nom 610. m2right1.nom -26 Street.nom 1211. m2right1.nom -16 Car.nom 1812. m2right1.nom -36 - 13. m2right1.nom -26 - 14. m2right1.nom -36 Train.n
46、om 1815. m2right1.nom -36 Garage.nom 1216. m2right1.nom -16 Street.nom 617. m3left2.nom -36 Street.nom 618. m3left2.nom -26 Car.nom 1219. m3left2.nom -16 Train.nom 1820. m3left2.nom -16 - 21. m3left2.nom -36 - 22. m3left2.nom -26 Garage.nom 1823. m3left2.nom -36 Street.nom 1224. m3left2.nom -16 Car.
47、nom 625. m4right2.nom -26 Car.nom 626. m4right2.nom -36 Train.nom 1227. m4right2.nom -36 Garage.nom 1828. m4right2.nom -26 - 29. m4right2.nom -16 - 30. m4right2.nom -26 Street.nom 18TIA/EIA-136-250431. m4right2.nom -16 Car.nom 1232. m4right2.nom -16 Train.nom 633. m5left3.nom -26 Train.nom 634. m5le
48、ft3.nom -16 Garage.nom 1235. m5left3.nom -36 Street.nom 1836. m5left3.nom -36 - 37. m5left3.nom -26 - 38. m5left3.nom -26 Car.nom 1839. m5left3.nom -16 Train.nom 1240. m5left3.nom -36 Garage.nom 641. f1right3.nom -36 Street.nom 642. f1right3.nom -26 Car.nom 1243. f1right3.nom -16 Train.nom 1844. f1r
49、ight3.nom -26 - 45. f1right3.nom -16 - 46. f1right3.nom -36 Garage.nom 1847. f1right3.nom -26 Street.nom 1248. f1right3.nom -16 Car.nom 649. f2left4.nom -26 Car.nom 650. f2left4.nom -26 Train.nom 1251. f2left4.nom -16 Garage.nom 1852. f2left4.nom -36 - 53. f2left4.nom -26 - 54. f2left4.nom -36 Street.nom 1855. f2left4.nom -36 Car.nom 1256. f2left4.nom -16 Train.nom 657. f3right4.nom -36 Train.nom 658. f3right4.nom -26 Garage.nom 1259. f3right4.nom -16 Street.nom 1860. f3right4.nom -16 - 61. f3right4.nom -
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