TIA TSB-172-A-2013 High Data Rate Multimode Fiber Transmission Techniques.pdf

1、 TSB-172-A (Revision of TSB-172) February 2013High Data Rate Multimode Fiber Transmission Techniques NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability

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22、ITATIONS. TIA TSB-172-A i High Data Rate Multimode Fiber Transmission Techniques Table of Contents FOREWORD . 1 1 INTRODUCTION . 2 2 SCOPE 2 3 DEFINITION OF TERMS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS, UNITS OF MEASURE 2 3.1 Definition of Terms . 2 3.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations . 2 3.3 Units of Measure 3 4 S

23、OME TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGIES . 4 4.1 General 4 4.2 Serial Transmission 7 4.3 Dispersion Management 8 4.4 Multiplexing 12 4.5 Line Coding 16 4.6 Forward Error Correction (FEC) . 18 5 SUMMARY 20 ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) References . 22 ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE) Possible key specifications for

24、 wider wavelength spectrum laser-optimized 50/125-m fibers . 24 List of Figures Figure 1 Block diagram of digital transmission system 4 Figure 2 Channel power budget . 5 Figure 3 Attenuation and dispersion waveform impairments . 6 Figure 4 Serial transmission concept . 7 Figure 5 Example of pre-emph

25、asized waveform . 9 Figure 6 Feed-forward equalizer architecture 11 Figure 7 Decision feedback equalizer architecture 11 Figure 8 Space division multiplexing on parallel fibers 13 Figure 9 Wavelength multiplexing concept 14 Figure 10 Tuning range for fibers providing 2000 MHzkm over a 150-nm spectru

26、m . 15 Figure 11 Commonly used binary line coding formats . 17 TIA TSB-172-A Figure 12 Binary NRZ and ternary line coding formats 18 List of Tables Table 1: Summary of Transmission Techniques . 21 Table B-1: Possible key performance specifications for laser-optimized 50/125-m fiber with a wider wave

27、length spectrum than specified in ANSI/TIA-492AAAC . 24 TIA TSB-172-A 1 FOREWORD (This foreword is not part of this Telecommunications Systems Bulletin) TIA Telecommunications Systems Bulletins (TSBs) are developed within the Technical Engineering Committees of the TIA and the standards coordinating

28、 committees of the TIA standards board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without commission. The companies that they represent are not necessarily members of the TIA. The standards developed within the TIA represent a consensus of the broad expertise on the subject. This expertise com

29、es from within the TIA as well as those outside of the TIA that have an expressed interest. The viewpoint expressed at the time that this Telecommunication Systems Bulletin was approved was from the contributors experience and the state of the art at that time. Users are encouraged to verify that th

30、ey have the latest revision of the document. TIA TSB-172-A 2 1 INTRODUCTION For local area networks (LANs) and storage area networks (SANs) the most widely deployed transmission format on multimode fiber at rates up to 10 Gb/s has been simple binary baseband serial transmission. As rates climbed fro

31、m 10 to 100 to 1,000 to 10,000 Mb/s, the basic approach was to speed up all the components commensurately. For data transmission rates above 10 Gb/s, a combination of alternative techniques has started to be employed to produce optimal multimode solutions. This TSB provides general insight into thes

32、e techniques and their associated benefits. 2 SCOPE This TSB reviews some techniques and technologies that can be applied to address high-rate transmission for multimode fiber systems. These techniques include serial and multiplexed transmission, dispersion compensation, and forward error correction

33、 technologies. Multi-level coding is examined as an alternative to the commonly used binary code. Possible key specifications appear in Annex B for a laser-optimized 50/125-m multimode fiber that provides wider wavelength spectrum relative to the specifications in TIA-492AAAC. This is an example of

34、what can be achieved to enhance the performance of systems using wavelength division multiplexing. 3 DEFINITION OF TERMS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS, UNITS OF MEASURE 3.1 Definition of Terms For the purposes of this TSB, the following definitions apply. Bit Error Ratio: the ratio of bits received in

35、 error to all bits received. Channel: a transmission path consisting of a transmitter, medium and receiver. Symbol: the smallest unit of transmitted information, discernable from other symbols by its duration or a change in characteristic such as amplitude or phase. A rate of 1 symbol per second = 1

36、 baud. 3.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations 100GE 100 gigabit Ethernet 10GE 10 gigabit Ethernet 16GFC 16 gigabit Fibre Channel 32GFC 32 gigabit Fibre Channel 40GE 40 gigabit Ethernet 8B10B 8 bit 10 bit ANSI American National Standards Institute ADC analog-to-digital converter TIA TSB-172-A 3 APD avalanche

37、 photo diode BER bit error ratio CDCF chromatic dispersion compensating fiber CWDM coarse wavelength division multiplexing DCF dispersion compensating fiber DEMUX demultiplexer DFE decision-feedback equalizer DMD differential mode delay DWDM dense wavelength division multiplexing EDC electronic disp

38、ersion compensation EIA Electronic Industries Alliance IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers FDM frequency division multiplexing FEC forward error correction FFE feed-forward equalizer ISI inter-symbol interference ITU International Telecommunication Union LAN local area network LED

39、 light emitting diode MDCF modal dispersion compensating fiber MLSD maximum likelihood sequence detection MMF multimode fiber MPN mode partition noise MPO Multi-position Push-On MN modal noise MUX multiplexer NRZ non-return-to-zero OC optical carrier OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing O

40、IF Optical Internetworking Forum OM3 optical multimode 3 OM4 optical multimode 4 PIN positive-intrinsic-negative PMD Physical Media Dependent RIN relative intensity noise RS Reed-Soloman Rx receiver SAN storage area network SDM space division multiplexing TIA Telecommunications Industry Association

41、TRX transceiver Tx transmitter TSB Telecommunications System Bulletin UI unit interval VCSEL vertical cavity surface emitting laser VSR very short reach WDM wavelength division multiplexing ZDW zero dispersion wavelength 3.3 Units of Measure TIA TSB-172-A 4 dB decibel ft feet, footGb/s gigabits per

42、second Gbaud giga baud in inch km kilometer Mb/s megabits per second MHzkm megaHertzkilometer m meter mm millimeter m micrometer or micron nm nanometer 4 SOME TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGIES 4.1 General The purpose of a digital transmission system is to propagate information, with acceptabl

43、y low bit error ratio (BER), between a transmitting device and a receiving device. As illustrated in Figure 1, information flows through digital transmission systems from a binary source, to an optional encoder that inserts error detecting/correcting information and/or framing information and/or tim

44、ing (e.g. transition density) and spectral shaping content, to a line coder that converts the binary bits into symbols with the desired modulation characteristics, to a transmitter that modulates the symbols into some form of energy compatible with the transmission medium, to a transmission medium t

45、hat conveys the energy, to a receiver that detects the energy and recovers the symbols, to a line decoder that converts the symbols into binary bits, to an optional decoder that detects and/or corrects transmission errors while extracting the original binary information, to a binary data sink such a

46、s a memory device. Figure 1 Block diagram of digital transmission system In multimode fiber transmission systems, lasers are commonly used as transmitters at channel rates above 500 Mb/s, multimode fiber is the medium, and PIN (positive-intrinsic-negative) photodiodes are commonly used as detectors

47、in the receiver. Encoding with block codes is common, as is the use of binary amplitude shift key (i.e. on-off) modulation. The available system gain, which is the difference between the minimum transmitter modulation power and the minimum receiver modulation sensitivity, is apportioned to various p

48、urposes forming the channel power budget as diagrammed in Figure 2. Two impairments typically optional encoderbinary data source line coder transmittertransmission mediumreceiverline decoderoptional decoderbinary data sinkTIA TSB-172-A 5 consume the majority of the available power budget in multimod

49、e fiber transmission systems: attenuation and dispersion, which is one of the distortion impairments. Attenuation diminishes the signal power through absorption, scattering and coupling losses, while dispersion spreads symbols outside their allocated time interval. Various noise impairments related to laser-based transmission and signal distortions caused by jitter also degrade the signal, but usually to a lesser degree. Figure 2 Channel power budget Figure 3 illustrates the changes in the transmitted waveform due to attenuation and dispersion eff