TIA-156-B-2016 Land Mobile Radio Antenna Systems Minimum Standards for RF Signal Booster.pdf

1、 TIA-156-B (Revision of TIA-156-A) December 2016Land Mobile Radio Antenna Systems Minimum Standards for RF Signal Boosters NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitat

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6、s and do not constitute an endorsement by TIA or this committee of the products or services of the company. (From Project No. TIA-PN-156-B, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA TR-8 Mobile and Personal Private Radio TR-8.11 Subcommittee on Antenna Systems). Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDU

7、STRY ASSOCIATION Technology (b) there is no assurance that the Document will be approved by any Committee of TIA or any other body in its present or any other form; (c) the Document may be amended, modified or changed in the standards development or any editing process. The use or practice of conten

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19、 EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA-156-B - i - FOREWORD This Standard was prepared by TIA Working Group WG-8

20、11.7 and was approved by TIA Engineering Subcommittee TR-8.11. (This foreword is not part of this Standard.) TIA-156-B - ii - INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS NOTE: The users attention is called to the possibility that compliance with this Standard may require use of an invention covered by patent righ

21、ts. By publication of this Standard, no position is taken with respect to the scope or validity of such patent claims or of any patent rights in connection therewith. TIA-156-B - iii - Table of Contents 1 SCOPE . 1 1.1 GENERAL DEFINITIONS . 1 1.1.1 Signal Booster. 1 1.1.2 FCC Class A . 1 1.1.3 FCC C

22、lass B . 1 1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 2 2 OBJECTIVE 3 3 SIGNAL BOOSTER ARCHITECTURE 4 3.1 FCC CLASS A 4 3.2 FCC CLASS B 4 3.3 BI-DIRECTIONAL . 4 3.4 UNI-DIRECTIONAL . 4 3.5 HYBRID SIGNAL BOOSTER CONFIGURATION . 4 3.6 MULTI-CARRIER AMPLIFIER . 4 3.7 SINGLE-CARRIER AMPLIFIER 5 4 ELECTRICAL STANDARDS . 5 4.

23、1 RF OUTPUT POWER . 5 4.1.1 Definitions 5 4.1.1.1 Multi-Carrier Booster Amplifiers . 5 4.1.1.2 Single Carrier Booster Amplifiers 5 4.1.2 Methods of measurement 5 4.1.3 Presentation of Results . 6 4.2 GAIN . 6 4.2.1 Definitions 6 4.2.1.1 Gain 6 4.2.1.2 Maximum Gain . 6 4.2.1.3 Minimum Gain . 6 4.2.2

24、Method of Measurement . 6 4.2.3 Presentation of Results . 6 4.3 FIXED GAIN CONTROL. 6 4.3.1 Presentation of Results . 7 4.4 GAIN RIPPLE 7 4.4.1 Passband Ripple . 7 4.4.2 Channel Ripple . 7 4.4.3 Method of Determination 7 4.4.4 Presentation of Results . 7 4.5 AUTOMATIC GAIN ADJUSTMENT . 7 4.5.1 Speci

25、fication Units 7 4.5.1.1 Attack Time 8 4.5.1.2 Release Time 8 4.5.1.3 Settling Time 8 Settling time is defined as the average amount of time it takes for any quasi-sinusoidal variations in gain due to gain adjustment control circuitry to dampen within 0.5 dB of the final value. 8 4.5.1.4 Hysteresis

26、8 4.5.2 Measurement Conditions 8 4.6 NOISE POWER AND NOISE POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY . 8 4.6.1 Definitions 8 TIA-156-B - iv - 4.6.1.1 Noise Power 8 4.6.1.2 Noise Power Spectral Density 8 4.6.2 Method of Measurement . 8 4.6.3 Presentation of Results . 9 4.7 MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS INPUT SIGNAL LEVEL 9 4.7.1

27、Method of Determination 9 4.7.2 Presentation of Results . 9 4.8 MAXIMUM DIGITAL INPUT SIGNAL LEVEL 9 4.8.1 Method of Measurement . 9 4.8.2 Presentation of Results . 9 4.9 MINIMUM USABLE SIGNAL LEVEL .10 4.9.1 Method of Measurement 10 4.9.1.1 Analog .10 The minimum usable input signal level will be m

28、easured using a CW signal generator and spectrum analyzer. The spectrum analyzer shall be adjusted as for the Noise Power measurement in 4.6. .10 4.9.1.2 Digital 10 4.9.2 Presentation of Results 10 4.10 GROUP DELAY, GROUP DELAY VARIATION i.e. not in or on the verge of oscillation. 4.2.1.3 Minimum Ga

29、in The lowest rated operational gain with all supplied attenuation in-circuit and/or with the maximum allowable number of amplifier stages bypassed. 4.2.2 Method of Measurement Gain shall be measured with a calibrated signal generator and spectrum analyzer over the passband(s) of the signal booster

30、in both uplink and downlink. Gain shall be measured at a level below the rated input and output powers of the signal booster to ensure that the amplifier is not in compression. 4.2.3 Presentation of Results Maximum and minimum gain and any gain variation over the operating bandwidth shall be stated

31、in dB for uplink and downlink. 4.3 Fixed Gain Control The amount and method of fixed gain control available shall be stated. TIA-156-B - 7 - 4.3.1 Presentation of Results Supplied Fixed gain control shall be specified in dB attenuation below full gain, along with the method of control, e.g., program

32、mable attenuator, fixed attenuators, manual step attenuator, amplifier bypass. 4.4 Gain Ripple Any variation in the gain characteristics of the booster attributable to amplifier or filter characteristics shall be identified and stated. 4.4.1 Passband Ripple Peak-to-peak gain variation typically caus

33、ed by discrete filters as used in broadband boosters or the combination of main input/output filters and channel filtersof channelized boosters is defined as Passband Ripple. 4.4.2 Channel Ripple Peak-to-peak gain variation caused by narrower circuit elements that lie between the main input/output f

34、ilters of a channelized booster is defined as Channel Ripple. 4.4.3 Method of Determination Ripple shall be determined as a plus and minus value from an arithmetic mean value over the passband or channel. The ripple for each channel should be measured and the worst case ripple should be reported. 4.

35、4.4 Presentation of Results Maximum passband and channel ripple (if applicable) shall be stated in dB, with separate values for uplink and downlink if they differ. 4.5 Automatic Gain Adjustment Various methods of automatic gain adjustment (e.g., OLC, AGC, ALC) may be employed to protect the amplifie

36、r circuitry from overload, limit output power, and minimize intermodulation products or a combination of any or all of these. It may be designed into the uplink, downlink or both. 4.5.1 Specification Units Automatic gain adjustment, if used, shall be specified as the maximum value of attenuation fro

37、m the maximum gain setting, in dB, that the automatic gain can insert, apart from manual gain adjustment. The Hysteresis, in dB, as well as the attack, settling and release times, in seconds, shall also be specified. TIA-156-B - 8 - 4.5.1.1 Attack Time Attack time is defined as the average amount of

38、 time it takes for the circuitry to adjust the booster gain to the desired level after application of a signal 10 dB above the threshold level and will include the settling time. 4.5.1.2 Release Time Release time is defined as the average amount of time it takes for the circuitry to return the boost

39、er gain to its original level after returning the input signal to its original level and will include the settling time. 4.5.1.3 Settling Time Settling time is defined as the average amount of time it takes for any quasi-sinusoidal variations in gain due to gain adjustment control circuitry to dampe

40、n within 0.5 dB of the final value. 4.5.1.4 Hysteresis Hysteresis is defined as the dB change in input level minus x, required to change the output level x dB, where x is the attenuation step value or 1 dB, whichever is less. 4.5.2 Measurement Conditions Measurements shall be made with unmodulated (

41、CW) signals. 4.6 Noise Power and Noise Power Spectral Density 4.6.1 Definitions 4.6.1.1 Noise Power Noise Power is the average amount of noise conducted from the output of a power amplifier. 4.6.1.2 Noise Power Spectral Density Noise Power Spectral Density is calculated by dividing the Noise Power b

42、y the Equivalent Noise Bandwidth and is typically specified in dBm/Hz. 4.6.2 Method of Measurement Noise power can be directly measured with a spectrum analyzer over a particular bandwidth within the passband(s) of the booster. For class A boosters the noise power should be measured in the passband

43、of each channel. The input and output shall be terminated into 50 Ohms. The displayed noise amplitude in dBm divided by the measurement bandwidth TIA-156-B - 9 - (Equivalent Noise Bandwidth) results in the Noise Power Spectral Density in dBm/Hz. 4.6.3 Presentation of Results The noise power at minim

44、um and maximum gains for both uplink and downlink amplification paths shall be stated in dBm/Hz. 4.7 Maximum Continuous Input Signal Level This is defined as the maximum CW RF signal level that will not cause damage to the circuitry when the booster is in operation. 4.7.1 Method of Determination Thi

45、s is normally determined by the rating of the components used in the lowest-level amplifier circuit. 4.7.2 Presentation of Results Maximum continuous input signal level in dBm shall be stated for downlink and uplink at the RF connectors. 4.8 Maximum Digital Input Signal Level This is defined by the

46、maximum peak component of a complex (digital) signal that will be amplified by the booster without distortion or degradation of the Bit Error Rate (BER). This specification may vary depending upon the specific digital modulation waveform characteristic or type of modulation used. 4.8.1 Method of Mea

47、surement The maximum peak input signal level is determined by exciting the signal booster (adjusted to its normal operating conditions) with a signal generator modulated with the specified digital waveform and increasing this signal level while measuring BER at the booster output. The input signal l

48、evel threshold at which the BER increases by 1% is specified as the Maximum Digital Input Signal Level. Measurements shall be made for each digital modulation waveform with which the booster model will be expected to operate. The signal level shall be measured as an average power, unless specified o

49、therwise by another standard. 4.8.2 Presentation of Results The Maximum Digital Input Signal Level in dBm shall be stated for downlink and uplink at the RF connectors for all digital modulation types expected to be amplified by the model being specified. TIA-156-B - 10 - 4.9 Minimum Usable Signal Level The minimum usable signal level is defined as an input signal that will cause an output level 10 dB above the signal booster noise floor (in one channel bandwidth) for an analog system, or a minimum usable BER (stated in dB above noise) as specified by the system radio equipment