TIA-526-7-A-2015 Measurement of Optical Power Loss of Installed Single-Mode Fiber Cable Plant Adoption of IEC 61280-4-2 edition 2 Fibre-Optic Communications Subsystem Test ProcedurM.pdf

1、 TIA-526-7-A July 2015Measurement of Optical Power Loss of Installed Single-Mode Fiber Cable Plant, Adoption of IEC 61280-4-2 edition 2: Fibre-Optic Communications Subsystem Test Procedures Part 4-2: Installed Cable Plant Single-Mode Attenuation and Optical Return Loss Measurement ANSI/TIA-526-7-A-2

2、015 APPROVED: JULY 29, 2015 NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting an

3、d obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for their particular need. The existence of such Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or non-member of TIA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards and Publications. Neither shall the

4、existence of such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary use by Non-TIA members, either domestically or internationally. Standards and Publications are adopted by TIA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA does not assume a

5、ny liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard or Publication. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this

6、Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. Any use of trademarks in this document are for information purposes and do not constitute an endorsement by TIA or this committee of the products or services of

7、the company. (From Project No. SP-3-2974, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA TR-42 Telecommunications Cabling Systems, TR-42.11 Subcommittee on Optical Systems (568). Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Technology and Standards Department 1320 N. Courthouse Road, Suite 200 A

8、rlington, VA 22201 U.S.A. PRICE: Please refer to current Catalog of TIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION STANDARDS AND ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS or call IHS, USA and Canada (1-877-413-5187) International (303-397-2896) or search online at http:/www.tiaonline.org/standards/catalog/ All rights r

9、eserved Printed in U.S.A. NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT This document is copyrighted by the TIA. Reproduction of these documents either in hard copy or soft copy (including posting on the web) is prohibited without copyright permission. For copyright permission to reproduce portions of this document, please c

10、ontact the TIA Standards Department or go to the TIA website (www.tiaonline.org) for details on how to request permission. Details are located at: http:/www.tiaonline.org/standards/catalog/info.cfm#copyright or Telecommunications Industry Association Technology (b) there is no assurance that the Doc

11、ument will be approved by any Committee of TIA or any other body in its present or any other form; (c) the Document may be amended, modified or changed in the standards development or any editing process. The use or practice of contents of this Document may involve the use of intellectual property r

12、ights (“IPR”), including pending or issued patents, or copyrights, owned by one or more parties. TIA makes no search or investigation for IPR. When IPR consisting of patents and published pending patent applications are claimed and called to TIAs attention, a statement from the holder thereof is req

13、uested, all in accordance with the Manual. TIA takes no position with reference to, and disclaims any obligation to investigate or inquire into, the scope or validity of any claims of IPR. TIA will neither be a party to discussions of any licensing terms or conditions, which are instead left to the

14、parties involved, nor will TIA opine or judge whether proposed licensing terms or conditions are reasonable or non-discriminatory. TIA does not warrant or represent that procedures or practices suggested or provided in the Manual have been complied with as respects the Document or its contents. If t

15、he Document contains one or more Normative References to a document published by another organization (“other SSO”) engaged in the formulation, development or publication of standards (whether designated as a standard, specification, recommendation or otherwise), whether such reference consists of m

16、andatory, alternate or optional elements (as defined in the TIA Procedures for American National Standards) then (i) TIA disclaims any duty or obligation to search or investigate the records of any other SSO for IPR or letters of assurance relating to any such Normative Reference; (ii) TIAs policy o

17、f encouragement of voluntary disclosure (see TIA Procedures for American National Standards Annex C.1.2.3) of Essential Patent(s) and published pending patent applications shall apply; and (iii) Information as to claims of IPR in the records or publications of the other SSO shall not constitute iden

18、tification to TIA of a claim of Essential Patent(s) or published pending patent applications. TIA does not enforce or monitor compliance with the contents of the Document. TIA does not certify, inspect, test or otherwise investigate products, designs or services or any claims of compliance with the

19、contents of the Document. ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES CONCERNING THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS, ITS FITNESS OR APPROPRIATENESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, ITS MERCHANTABILITY AND ITS NONINFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD PARTYS

20、INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. TIA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES REGARDING THE CONTENTS COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE STATUTE, RULE OR REGULATION, OR THE SAFETY OR HEALTH EFFECTS OF THE CONTENTS OR ANY PRO

21、DUCT OR SERVICE REFERRED TO IN THE DOCUMENT OR PRODUCED OR RENDERED TO COMPLY WITH THE CONTENTS. TIA SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY AND ALL DAMAGES, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO ANY USE OF THE CONTENTS CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCI

22、DENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOIN

23、G NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. 2 IEC 61280-4-2:2014 IEC 2014 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 7 INTRODUCTION . 9 1 Scope 10 2 Normative references 10 3 Terms, definitions, graphical symbo

24、ls and abbreviations 11 3.1 Terms and definitions 11 3.2 Graphical symbols 13 3.3 Abbreviations 14 4 Measurement methods 15 4.1 General . 15 4.2 Cabling configurations and applicable test methods 16 4.2.1 Cabling configurations and applicable test methods for attenuation measurements . 16 4.2.2 Cabl

25、ing configurations and applicable test methods for optical return loss measurements 18 4.3 Overview of uncertainties 18 4.3.1 General . 18 4.3.2 Test cords . 18 4.3.3 Reflections from other interfaces . 18 4.3.4 Optical source . 18 4.3.5 Output power reference . 19 4.3.6 Received power reference . 1

26、9 4.3.7 Mode field diameter variation . 19 4.3.8 Bi-directional measurements 19 5 Apparatus 19 5.1 General . 19 5.2 Light source 19 5.2.1 Stability . 19 5.2.2 Spectral characteristics . 20 5.2.3 Launch cord . 20 5.3 Receive or tail cord . 20 5.4 Substitution cord . 21 5.5 Power meter LSPM methods on

27、ly. 21 5.6 OTDR apparatus . 21 5.7 Return loss test set . 22 5.8 Connector end-face cleaning and inspection equipment 22 5.9 Adapters . 22 6 Procedures 22 6.1 General . 22 6.2 Common procedures . 23 6.2.1 Care of the test cords 23 6.2.2 Make reference measurements (LSPM and OCWR methods only) . 23 6

28、.2.3 Inspect and clean the ends of the fibres in the cabling . 23 6.2.4 Make the measurements 23 6.2.5 Make the calculations 23 6.3 Calibration 23 IEC 61280-4-2:2014 IEC 2014 3 6.4 Safety . 24 7 Calculations . 24 8 Documentation 24 8.1 Information for each test . 24 8.2 Information to be made availa

29、ble 24 Annex A (normative) One-cord reference method . 25 A.1 Applicability of test method . 25 A.2 Apparatus . 25 A.3 Procedure . 25 A.4 Calculation 26 A.5 Components of reported attenuation . 26 Annex B (normative) Three-cord reference method 27 B.1 Applicability of test method . 27 B.2 Apparatus

30、. 27 B.3 Procedure . 27 B.4 Calculations 28 B.5 Components of reported attenuation . 28 Annex C (normative) Two-cord reference method 29 C.1 Applicability of test method . 29 C.2 Apparatus . 29 C.3 Procedure . 29 C.4 Calculations 31 C.5 Components of reported attenuation . 31 Annex D (normative) Opt

31、ical time domain reflectometer . 32 D.1 Applicability of test method . 32 D.2 Apparatus . 32 D.2.1 General . 32 D.2.2 OTDR 32 D.2.3 Test cords . 32 D.3 Procedure (test method) . 33 D.4 Calculation of attenuation . 34 D.4.1 General . 34 D.4.2 Connection location . 34 D.4.3 Definition of the power lev

32、els F1and F235 D.4.4 Alternative calculation 36 D.5 Calculation of optical return loss . 37 D.6 Calculation of reflectance for discrete components . 39 D.7 OTDR uncertainties 40 Annex E (normative) Continuous wave optical return loss measurement Method A . 41 E.1 Applicability of test method . 41 E.

33、2 Apparatus . 41 E.2.1 General . 41 E.2.2 Light source . 41 E.2.3 Branching device or coupler 41 E.2.4 Power meters 42 E.2.5 Connector interface . 42 E.2.6 Low reflection termination 42 E.3 Procedure . 42 4 IEC 61280-4-2:2014 IEC 2014 E.3.1 Test set characterization 42 E.3.2 Measurement procedure 44

34、 E.3.3 Calculations . 44 E.3.4 Measurement uncertainty. 45 Annex F (normative) Continuous wave optical return loss measurement Method B 46 F.1 Applicability of test method . 46 F.2 Apparatus . 46 F.2.1 General requirements 46 F.2.2 Known reflectance termination . 46 F.3 Procedure . 46 F.3.1 Set-up c

35、haracterization 46 F.3.2 Measurement procedure 47 F.3.3 Calculation 48 F.3.4 Measurement uncertainty. 48 Annex G (informative) Measurement uncertainty examples 49 G.1 Reduction of uncertainty by using reference grade terminations and related issues . 49 G.1.1 Motivations for using reference grade te

36、rminations on test cords . 49 G.1.2 Adjusting acceptance limits to allow for different expected losses when using reference grade and standard grade connectors . 49 G.2 Estimation of the measurement uncertainties 51 G.2.1 Measurement uncertainty. 51 G.2.2 Uncertainty due to the instrument 51 G.2.3 U

37、ncertainty due to the source 51 G.2.4 Uncertainty due to the device under test 52 G.2.5 Example of uncertainty accumulation using a single power meter 53 G.2.6 Example of uncertainty accumulation using two power meters . 54 Annex H (informative) OTDR configuration information 55 H.1 Introductory rem

38、arks . 55 H.2 Fundamental parameters that define the operational capability of an OTDR 56 H.2.1 Dynamic range 56 H.2.2 Pulse width 56 H.2.3 Averaging time 56 H.2.4 Dead zone . 56 H.3 Other parameters 56 H.3.1 Index of refraction 56 H.3.2 Measurement range . 57 H.3.3 Distance sampling . 57 H.4 Other

39、measurement configurations . 57 H.4.1 General . 57 H.4.2 Macro bend attenuation measurement . 57 H.4.3 Splice attenuation measurement 58 H.4.4 Measurement with high reflection connectors or short length cabling . 58 H.4.5 Ghost 60 H.5 More on the measurement method 61 H.6 Bidirectional measurement 6

40、2 H.7 OTDR bi-directional trace analysis 63 H.8 Non recommended practices . 64 H.8.1 Measurement without tail cord . 64 IEC 61280-4-2:2014 IEC 2014 5 H.8.2 Cursor measurement . 64 Annex I (informative) Test cord attenuation verification 65 I.1 Introductory remarks . 65 I.2 Apparatus . 65 I.3 Procedu

41、re . 65 I.3.1 General . 65 I.3.2 Test cord verification for the one-cord and two-cord reference test methods when using non-pinned/unpinned and non-plug/socket style connectors . 66 I.3.3 Test cord verification for the one-cord and two-cord reference test methods using pinned/unpinned or plug/socket

42、 style connectors . 67 I.3.4 Test cord verification for the three-cord reference test method using non-pinned/unpinned and non-plug/socket style connectors. 68 I.3.5 Test cord verification for the three-cord reference test method using pinned/unpinned or plug/socket style connectors . 70 Annex J (in

43、formative) Spectral attenuation measurement . 72 J.1 Applicability of test method . 72 J.2 Apparatus . 72 J.2.1 Broadband light source 72 J.2.2 Optical spectrum analyser . 72 J.3 Procedure . 72 J.3.1 Reference scan . 72 J.3.2 Measurement scan 73 J.4 Calculations 73 Bibliography 74 Figure 1 Connector

44、 symbols 13 Figure 2 Symbol for cabling under test . 14 Figure 3 Configuration A Start and end of measured losses in reference test method . 16 Figure 4 Configuration B Start and end of measured losses in reference test method . 17 Figure 5 Configuration C Start and end of measured losses in referen

45、ce test method . 17 Figure 6 Typical OTDR schematic 21 Figure 7 Return loss test set illustration . 22 Figure A.1 One-cord reference measurement . 26 Figure A.2 One-cord test measurement . 26 Figure B.1 Three-cord reference measurement 27 Figure B.2 Three-cord test measurement . 28 Figure C.1 Two-co

46、rd reference measurement. 30 Figure C.2 Two-cord test measurement 30 Figure C.3 Two-cord test measurement for plug-socket style connectors . 30 Figure D.1 Test measurement for method D . 34 Figure D.2 Location of the cabling under test ports 35 Figure D.3 Graphic construction of F1and F236 Figure D.

47、4 Graphic construction of F1, F11, F21and F237 6 IEC 61280-4-2:2014 IEC 2014 Figure D.5 Graphic representation of OTDR ORL measurement . 38 Figure D.6 Graphic representation of reflectance measurement . 39 Figure E.1 Return loss test set illustration 41 Figure E.2 Measurement of the system internal

48、attenuation Pref243 Figure E.3 Measurement of the system internal attenuation Pref143 Figure E.4 Measurement of the system reflected power Prs. 43 Figure E.5 Measurement of the input power Pin. 44 Figure E.6 Measurement of the reflected power . 44 Figure F.1 Return loss test set illustration 46 Figu

49、re F.2 Measurement of Prs with reflections suppressed . 47 Figure F.3 Measurement of Prefwith reference reflector 47 Figure F.4 Measurement of the system reflected power Prs. 47 Figure F.5 Measurement of the reflected power . 48 Figure H.1 Splice and macro bend attenuation measurement . 58 Figure H.2 Attenuation measurement with high reflection connectors . 59 Figure H.3 Attenuation measurement of a short length cabling . 60 Figure H.4 OTDR trace with ghost 61 Figure H.5 C