1、TIA DOCUMENT Standard for Physical Location and Protection of Below Ground Fiber Optic Cable Plant TIA-590-A ANSI APPROVAL WITHDRAWN JUNE 2003 JANUARY 1997 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through elim
2、inating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for their particular need. The existence of such Publications shall not in any res
3、pect preclude any member or non-member of TIA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Publications. Neither shall the existence of such Documents preclude their voluntary use by non-TIA members, either domestically or internationally. TIA DOCUMENTS TIA Documents contain informa
4、tion deemed to be of technical value to the industry, and are published at the request of the originating Committee without necessarily following the rigorous public review and resolution of comments which is a procedural part of the development of a American National Standard (ANS). Further details
5、 of the development process are available in the TIA Engineering Manual, located at TIA Documents shall be reviewed on a five year cycle by the formulating Committee and a decision made on whether to reaffirm, revise, withdraw, or proceed to develop an American National Standard on this subject. Sug
6、gestions for revision should be directed to: Standards Engineering Association As-built facility location record - This record contains physical location information and details needed to assist in locating the fiber optic cable. Details should also include the location of abrupt deviations taken fr
7、om the cables normal planned route and placing depth. Such deviations, caused by foreign underground structures or geological obstructions, whether planned in advance or uncovered during the cable installation should be recorded when: - horizontal deviations made from the facilitys route extend beyo
8、nd the tolerance zone specified in the applicable damage prevention law or, where none is specified, by an equivalent 450-mm (1 8-in.) tolerance zone from either side of the facility (see figures 1 and 2). - any vertical deviation that results in a depth less than the design minimum, or a depth exce
9、eding the design minimum by 300 mm (12 in.) or more. The measurements giving the location and extent of such deviations should be noted either when the route is planned, or reported at the time the obstruction is discovered during installation of the facility. Distribution Pipeline - A gas pipeline
10、other than a transmission gas pipeline. EIA - Electronics Industry Association Excavation - Any operation in which earth, rod, or other material in the ground is moved, removed, or otherwise displaced by means of any tools, equipment, or explosives, and includes, but is not limited to, digging, auge
11、ring, drilling, trenching, scraping, plowing, boring, or tunneling. 2 TINElA-590A Excavator - The person, company, or business that does the excavating. Excavation Site - The specific location where excavation work is to be performed. Facility Owner - The utility, firm, agency, or individual that is
12、 responsible for the fiber optic facilitys operation and maintenance. FHWA - Federal Highway Administration IHROW - Interstate Highway Right-Of-Way NESC - National Electrical Safety Code OCSI - One-Call Systems International OneCall Bureau - An organization established by two or more agencies or com
13、panies to provide one telephone number for excavators, utilities, public agencies, and private citizens to call to notify facility owners of their intent to excavate. Calling the one-call bureau is intended to be the means of notifying all participating facility owners to locate and mark their facil
14、ities in the vicinity of the proposed work to prevent facility damage by the excavator. A onecall bureau may serve an entire state. Some states have several one-call bureaus covering specific areas. The One-Call Systems International (OCSI) of the American Public Works Association (APWA) publishes a
15、n annual directory that gives the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of all onecall bureaus. A copy of this directory may be obtained by contacting: American Public Works Association 2345 Grand Blvd. Kansas City, MO 641 08-2625 Tel. - (81 6) 472-61 O0 FAX - (816) 472-1610 Excavators and owners
16、may also obtain further information concerning programs and publications from the APWA headquarters. OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration TIA - Telecommunications Industry Association Tolerance Zone - The zone where excavation is to be performed with hand tools or nondestructive tool
17、s until the facility is exposed or the maximum depth of the intended excavation is reached. Damage prevention laws usually specify the location of this zone. (See figures 1 and 2.) 3 TINEIA-590A Color Red Yellow Transmission Pipeline - A gas pipeline between storage and distribution facilities. A tr
18、ansmission pipeline usually operates at a pressure of 862 kPa (125 psi) or more, or at a hoop stress of 20 percent or more of its specified minimum yield strength regardless of its operating pressure. Facility Electric power lines and conduit Gas, oil, steam, and petroleum lines ULCC - Utility Locat
19、ion and Coordination Council Blue Green Orange White Uniform Color Code - An APWA guide that has been accepted as a national convention for the color-coded temporary marking of subsurface facilities to prevent accidental damage by those excavating nearby. The Uniform Color Code was developed by the
20、Utility Location and Coordination Council (ULCC) and adopted by the APWA to both mark and identify subsurface facilities. This color code is also recommended for permanent above-ground and below-ground markings. The colors assigned and types of facility are specified in table 1. - Water, irrigation,
21、 and slurry lines Sewer and drain lines Communication lines, including fiber optic cable Proposed excavation Table 1 - Uniform color code Fluorescent Pink Temporary survey markings 4 TIAIElA-590A 4 REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Fiber optic cable installation planning The facility owner is responsible for correct
22、 route design and installation of the fiber optic cable. Fiber optic cable plant should be constructed in accordance with plans and specifications prepared under the supervision of a qualified engineer. The proper design of a fiber optic cable below-ground route is important, this being the first st
23、ep in avoiding damage to that cable by future work operations performed in the area. The following guidelines are provided to convey additional advice and information, and to emphasize that fiber optic cable placement should be in accordance with this Standard and recognized industry installation pr
24、ocedures. They should not be taken as all-inclusive and may not be applicable to all installations. - Plans for the location and installation of below-ground fiber optic cable should be made using information obtained from a field survey. - The installation plans should identify the fiber cable faci
25、litys route, placing and depth information, and information sufficient to locate other subsurface structures. Special measures to be taken for known conflicts and obstructions should be provided, and nearby structures that can assist as landmarks for route identification and future facility location
26、 should be shown and noted. - In recognition of possible right-of-way congestion, the route design should take into account interference between the present installation and future subsurface structures. - Once the route is planned, right-of-way and required permits should be obtained, recognizing n
27、eeds for access, work area, equipment enclosures, and future maintenance. Land acquisition rights and permission should be obtained before installation work begins. - When appropriate for the project, the facility owner should conduct a preconstruction meeting with involved local government agencies
28、 contractors and other utilities to cover construction plans, schedules, sequence of operations, and other concerns. - The facility owner should conduct inspections as necessary to ensure that the installation is in accordance with the approved plans. - As-built facility location records should be
29、maintained by the facility owner. Location record information should be available for reference when other parties or government agencies are planning work in the area to allow them to plan to avoid damage or conflicts with the fiber optic cable facilities. As-built records cannot be expected to ref
30、lect subsequent changes in landscape, public works, landmarks, or foreign underground structures. Such records cannot be considered as a substitute for field locating and marking of the fiber cable as required in 4.1 0.4. 5 4.2 Location Facility Toll, trunk cable Feeder, distribution cable Servicddr
31、op lines Underground conduit (see NOTE) 4.2.1 Depth of plant Minimum cover mm (in.) 750 (30) 600 (24) 450 (1 8) 750 (30) Buried or conduit plant as described in table 2 shall be instal so that a minimum depth of cover as shown in the table is obtained. In traditions where this depth is not feasible
32、or permitted, additional physical protection should be afforded the facility. Deviations from these requirements may lead to additional risks and must be evaluated on an individual case basis. Maximum Voltage Phac, o-Phase, Volts O to 600 601 to 50,000 50,001 and above Table 2 - Depth of plant Depth
33、 of Cover, mm (in.) 600 (24) 750 (30) 1070 (42) 1 1 NOTE - Multipleduct conduit underground, with manhole access. For other duct applications, depth requirements for buried plant shall apply. 4.2.2 Joint construction Depth of cover for power cables is governed by National Electrical Safefy Code (NES
34、C) Rule 353D. For joint facilities, the minimum depth of aver shall be determined either from table 2 above, or table 3, whichever depth is greater. Table 3 - Depth of electrical supply cable I I Additional requirements for random separason of power ci-$ies and communications cables at the same dept
35、h with no deliberate separation between them are covered in NESC Rule 354C. Where 6 TINEIA-590A Electric-light, power, or other condu fis Other foreign services: gas, water, oil, etc. 300 mm (12 in.) from transmission pipelines 150 mm (6 in.) from local distribution pipelines L 75 mm (3 in.) of conc
36、rete 100 mm (4 in.) of masonry 300 mm (12 in.) of earth (Unless greater separations are required by state or local regulations) conduit is required for short special conditions in buried distribution systems, separate ducts for power and communications facilities must be provided as covered in NESC
37、Rule 341 A6. 4.2.3 Separations from foreign structures The minimum desirable separation between existing foreign structures and communications cables (or underground conduit containing communications cables) should be as shown in table 4. Table 4 - Minimum separations from foreign structures These c
38、learances are necessary to provide sufficient space for maintenance of foreign structures, although they may be subject to adjustment to meet particular conditions. Questions that occur regarding any reduction of these clearances should be discussed with a responsible representative of the owning co
39、mpany. 4.2.4 Permanent markings Either permanent aboveground markers or underground warning tape, or both, are recommended to identify the general location of the facility route. These devices, however, cannot be relied upon to determine the precise location of the underground facility. Permanent ma
40、rkers should be placed at line-of-sight intervals so that the direction of the route is clearly indicated. These markers should be visible from the adjoining marker, but separated by no more than 300 m (1000 ft.), if land use permits. Markers are usually placed at right-of-way boundaries, utility or
41、 vehicular crossings, or at other locations dictated by local conditions. These markers should be identified with the name of the facility owner and one or more telephone contact numbers to obtain the precise facility locaon. Where a warning tape is used, it should be buried at least 300 mm (12 in.)
42、 above the cable and should not deviate more than 450 mm (18 in.) from the outside edge of the facility. Care must be exercised during its placing to ensure proper final positioning of the tape. The use of warning tape above service or drop lines on private property is optional. Warning tapes should
43、 have sufficient tensile strength and elongation properties so that when encountered in excavating they are not easily broken and will stretch significantly before breaking. 7 TINEIA-590A Extended periods of burial in soil should not degrade their mechanical characteristics, color, or markings. Tape
44、s with metallic coatings will gwerally exhibit less elongation than dielectric tapes. Tapes should be at least 50 mm (2 in.) wid. ,.irid colored orange in accordance with the Uniform Color Code of the American Public Works Association (APWA) - Utility Location and Coordination Council (ULCC). The ta
45、pe should be marked with warning information identifying the type of facility that is below. Additional information is desirable to show specific contact information and to identify the facility owner. No quantitative performance characteristics for tape can be stated, since no industry standard spe
46、cification for warning tape is known to exist. Warning tape, when used, should not be relied upon as a primary locating device for the cable. 4.3 Riser poles Fiber optic cables on riser poles should have mechanical protection such as a duct or U-guard on the pole extending from the ground for approx
47、imately 2.5 meters (8 feet). This mechanical protection should extend below ground level via a conduit bend to the specified burial depth of the cable (see table 2). Risers should be located on the pole in the safest position with respect to possible traffic damage and climbing space. For added cabl
48、e protection above the U-guard or duct, the fiber cable may be placed in innerduct extending above the U-guard up and onto the supporting aerial strand. From an underground conduit, this innerduct may be run from the manhole, through the subsidiary duct and U-guard onto the supporting aerial strand.
49、 4.4 Building entrances Buried fiber cable may enter a building at the same depth as the facility (see table 1) through the building wall via a duct. Entrance to a building may also be made above ground. The :- losed fiber cable should be secured to the building and mechanically protected with conduit .erduct, or U-guard. 4.5 Underwater cable crossings The Amy Corps of Engineers regulates activities involving interstate waters and associated marshes and tributaries, intrastate waters (which c, A affect interstate or foreign commerce), and the territorial seas for a seaward distanc
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