UFC 3-230-03A-2004 WATER SUPPLY [Superseded ARMY ARMY TI 814-01]《供水系统[代替 ARMY ARMY TI 814-01]》.pdf

1、UFC 3-230-03A 16 January 2004 UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC) WATER SUPPLY APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 3-230-03A 16 January 2004 1UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC) WATER SU

2、PPLY Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use. Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (Preparing Activity) NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER

3、SUPPORT AGENCY Record of Changes (changes are indicated by 1 . /1/) Change No. Date Location This UFC supersedes TI 814-01, dated 3 August 1998. The format of this UFC does not conform to UFC 1-300-01; however, the format will be adjusted to conform at the next revision. The body of this UFC is the

4、previous TI 814-01, dated 3 August 1998. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 3-230-03A 16 January 2004 2FOREWORD 1 The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction,

5、 sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD(AT distribution is unlimited.Record of Changes (changes indicated 1./1/)No. Date LocationThis Technical Instruction supersedes EI

6、11C101, dated 1 March 1997.(EI 11C101 text is included in this Technical Instruction and may carry EI 11C101 identification.)Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEMP-E TI 814-013 August 1998FOREWORDThese technical instructions (TI) provid

7、e design and construction criteria and apply toall U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) commands having military constructionresponsibilities. TI will be used for all Army projects and for projects executed for othermilitary services or work for other customers where appropriate.Tl are living docume

8、nts and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made availableto users as part of the HQUSACE responsibility for technical criteria and policy for newmilitary construction. CEMP-ET is responsible for administration of the TI system;technical content of TI is the responsibility of the HQUSACE ele

9、ment of the disciplineinvolved. Recommended changes to TI, with rationale for the changes, should be sentto HQUSACE, ATTN: CEMP-ET, 20 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20314-1000.TI are effective upon issuance. TI are distributed only in electronic media, primarilythrough TECHINFO Internet sit

10、e http:/www.hnd.usace.army.mil/techinfo/index.htm andthe Construction Criteria Base (CCB) system maintained by the National Institute ofBuilding Sciences at Internet site http:/www.nibs.org/ccb/. Hard copies of theseinstructions produced by the user from the electronic media should be checked agains

11、tthe current electronic version prior to use to assure that the latest instructions are used.FOR THE DIRECTOR OF MILITARY PROGRAMS:KISUK CHEUNG, P.E.Chief, Engineering DivisionDirectorate of Military ProgramsProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IH

12、S-,-,-iDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY TI 814-01U. S. Army Corps of EngineersCEMP-E Washington, DC 20314-1000Technical Instructions 3 August 1998No. 814-01 WATER SOURCES AND GENERAL CONSIDERATIONSTable of ContentsPageCHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTIONParagraph 1-1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE. 1-11-2. APPLICABILITY. 1-11-3. REFE

13、RENCES. . 1-11-4. DEFINITIONS . 1-1CHAPTER 2. WATER REQUIREMENTSParagraph 2-1. DOMESTIC REQUIREMENTS. . 2-12-2. FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS. 2-12-3. IRRIGATION. 2-1CHAPTER 3. CAPACITY OF WATER-SUPPLY SYSTEMParagraph 3-1. CAPACITY FACTORS. 3-13-2. USE OF CAPACITY FACTOR. 3-13-3. SYSTEM DESIGN CAPACITY. 3-

14、13-4. SPECIAL DESIGN CAPACITY. 3-13-5. EXPANSION OF EXISTING SYSTEMS. . 3-1CHAPTER 4. WATER SUPPLY SOURCESParagraph 4-1. GENERAL. . 4-14-2. USE OF EXISTING SYSTEMS. 4-14-3. OTHER WATER SYSTEMS. 4-14-4. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION. 4-24-5. WATER QUALITY CONSIDERATIONS. . 4-24-6. CHECKLIST FOR EXISTIN

15、G SOURCES OF SUPPLY. . 4-3CHAPTER 5. GROUNDWATER SUPPLIESParagraph 5-1. GENERAL. . 5-15-2. WATER AVAILABILITY EVALUATION. 5-15-3. TYPES OF WELLS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS. . 5-25-4. WATER QUALITY EVALUATION. . 5-45-5. WELL HYDRAULICS. . 5-65-6. WELL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. 5-10Provided by IHSNot for

16、 ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-iiCEMP-E TI 814-013 August 1998Table of Contents (continued)5-7. DEVELOPMENT AND DISINFECTION. 5-235-8. RENOVATION OF EXISTING WELLS. . 5-255-9. ABANDONMENT OF WELLS AND TEST HOLES. . 5-265-10. CHECK LIST FOR DESIGN. 5-275-1

17、1. TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS. 5-26CHAPTER 6. SURFACE WATER SUPPLIESParagraph 6-1. SURFACE WATER SOURCES. . 6-16-2. WATER LAWS. . 6-16-3. QUALITY OF SURFACE WATERS. 6-16-4. WATERSHED CONTROL AND SURVEILLANCE. . 6-16-5. CHECKLIST FOR SURFACE WATER INVESTIGATIONS. 6-26-6. TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS. 6-2CHAPTE

18、R 7. INTAKESParagraph 7-1. GENERAL. . 7-17-2. CAPACITY AND RELIABILITY. 7-17-3. ICE PROBLEMS. 7-17-4. INTAKE LOCATION. 7-2CHAPTER 8. RAW WATER PUMPING FACILITIESParagraph 8-1. SURFACE WATER SOURCES. . 8-18-2. GROUND WATER SOURCES. 8-28-3. ELECTRIC POWER. 8-28-4. CONTROL OF PUMPING FACILITIES. 8-2CHA

19、PTER 9. WATER SYSTEM DESIGN PROCEDUREParagraph 9-1. GENERAL. . 9-19-2. SELECTION OF MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT. . 9-19-3. ENERGY CONSERVATION. 9-2APPENDIX A. REFERENCES .A-1APPENDIX B. SAMPLE WELL DESIGN .B-1APPENDIX C. DRILLED WELLS .C-1Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permit

20、ted without license from IHS-,-,-iiiCEMP-E TI 814-013 August 1998Table of Contents (continued)FIGURESFigure Title Page5-1 Water availability evaluation 5-25-2 Collector well . 5-45-3 Diagram of water table well (unconfined aquifer) 5-75-4 Diagram of well in artesian aquifer . 5-85-5 Diagrammatic sec

21、tion of gravel-packed well . 5-115-6 Well in rock formation 5-125-7 Sealed well 5-26B-1 Plan of proposed site B-1TABLESTable Title2-1 Domestic Water Allowances for Army and Air Force Projects 2-23-1 Capacity Factors . 3-14-1 Water Hardness Classification 4-25-1 Types and methods of well installation

22、s . 5-35-2 Minimum distances from pollution sources . 5-55-3 Well diameter vs. anticipated yield 5-135-4 Change in yield for variation in well diameter 5-135-5 Characteristics of pumps used in water supply systems 5-22Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without licen

23、se from IHS-,-,-CEMP-E TI 814-013 August 19981-1CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1-1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE. This document provides guidance for selecting water sources,determining water requirements for Army and Air Force installations including special projects,and developing suitable sources of supply from groun

24、d or surface sources.1-2. APPLICABILITY. These instructions are applicable to all USACE elements engaged inthe selection of water sources and planning and designing supply systems.1-3. REFERENCES. Appendix A contains a list of references used in these instructions.1-4. DEFINITIONS.a. General definit

25、ions. The following definitions, relating to water supplies, areestablished.(1) Water works. All construction (structures, pipe, equipment) required for thecollection, transportation, pumping, treatment, storage and distribution of water.(2) Supply works. Dams, impounding reservoirs, intake structur

26、es, pumping stations,wells and all other construction required for the development of a water supply source.(3) Supply line. The pipeline from the supply source to the treatment works ordistribution system.(4) Treatment works. All basins, filters, buildings and equipment for the conditioning ofwater

27、 to render it acceptable for a specific use.(5) Distribution system. A system of pipes and appurtenances by which water isprovided for domestic and industrial use and fire fighting.(6) Feeder mains. The principal pipelines of a distribution system. (7) Distribution mains. The pipelines that constitu

28、te the distribution system.(8) Service line. The pipeline extending from the distribution main to building served.(9) Effective population. This includes resident military and civilian personnel anddependents plus an allowance for nonresident personnel, derived as follows: The designallowance for no

29、nresidents is 190 L (50 gal)/person/day whereas that for residents is 570 L(150 gal)/person/day. Therefore, an “effective-population“ value can be obtained by addingone-third of the population figure for nonresidents to the figure for residents.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or network

30、ing permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEMP-E TI 814-013 August 19981-2Nonresident PopulationEffective Population = + Resident Population3(10) Capacity factor. The multiplier which is applied to the effective population figureto provide an allowance for reasonable population increase, variations

31、 in water demand,uncertainties as to actual water requirements, and for unusual peak demands whosemagnitude cannot be accurately estimated in advance. The Capacity Factor varies inverselywith the magnitude of the population in the water service area.(11) Design population. The population figure obta

32、ined by multiplying theeffective-population figure by the appropriate capacity factor.Design Population = Effective Population x Capacity Factor(12) Required daily demand. The total daily water requirement. Its value is obtainedby multiplying the design population by the appropriate per capita domes

33、tic water allowanceand adding to this quantity any special industrial, aircraft-wash, irrigation, air-conditioning, orother demands. Other demands include the amount necessary to replenish in 48 hours thestorage required for fire protection and normal operation. Where the supply is from wells, thequ

34、antity available in 48 hours of ,continuous operation of the wells will be used in calculatingthe total supply available for replenishing storage and maintaining fire and domestic demandsand industrial requirements that cannot be curtailed.(13) Peak domestic demand. For system design purposes, the p

35、eak domesticdemand is considered to be the greater of-(a) Maximum day demand, i.e., 2.5 times the required daily demand.(b) The fire flow plus fifty percent of the required daily demand.(14) Fire flow. The required number of L/min (gal/min) at a specified pressure at thesite of the fire for a specif

36、ied period of time.(15) Fire demand. The required rate of flow of water in L/min (gal/min) during aspecified fire period. Fire demand includes fire flow plus 50 percent of the required dailydemand and, in addition, any industrial or other demand that cannot be reduced during a fireperiod. The residu

37、al pressure is specified for either the fire flow or essential industrial demand,whichever is higher. Fire demand must include flow required for automatic sprinkler andstandpipe operation, as well as direct hydrant flow demand, when the sprinklers are serveddirectly by the water supply system.Provid

38、ed by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEMP-E TI 814-013 August 19981-3(16) Rated capacity. The rated capacity of a supply line, intake structure, treatmentplant or pumping unit is the amount of water which can be passed through the unit when it i

39、soperating under design conditions.(17) Cross connection. Two types recognized are:(a) A direct cross connection is a physical connection between a supervised,potable water supply and an unsupervised supply of unknown quality. An example of a directcross connection is a piping system connecting a ra

40、w water supply, used for industrial firefighting, to a municipal water system.(b) An indirect cross connection is an arrangement whereby unsafe water, orother liquid, may be blown, siphoned or otherwise diverted into a safe water system. Sucharrangements include unprotected potable water inlets in t

41、anks, toilets, and lavatories that canbe submerged in unsafe water or other liquid. Under conditions of peak usage of potablewater or potable water shutoff for repairs, unsafe water or other liquid may backflow directly orbe back-siphoned through the inlet into the potable system. Indirect cross con

42、nections areoften termed “backflow connections“ or “back-siphonage connections.“ An example is a directpotable water connection to a sewage pump for intermittent use for flushing or priming. Crossconnections for Air Force facilities are defined in AFM 85-21.b. Ground water supply definitions. The me

43、anings of several terms used in relation towells and ground waters are as follows:(1) Specific capacity. The specific capacity of a well is its yield per foot of drawdownand is commonly expressed as liters per minute per meter (Lpm/m) of drawdown (gpm/ft).(2) Vertical line shaft turbine pump. A vert

44、ical line shaft turbine pump is a centrifugalpump, usually having from 1 to 20 stages, used in wells. The pump is located at or near thepumping level of water in the well, but is driven by an electric motor or internal combustionengine on the ground surface. Power is transmitted from the motor to th

45、e pump by a verticaldrive shaft.(3) Submersible turbine pump. A submersible turbine pump is a centrifugal turbinepump driven by an electric motor which can operate when submerged in water. The motor isusually located directly below the pump intake in the same housing as the pump. Electriccables run

46、from the ground surface down to the electric motor.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEMP-E TI 814-013 August 1998 2-1CHAPTER 2WATER REQUIREMENTS2-1. DOMESTIC REQUIREMENTS. The per-capita allowances, given in table 2-1, will beused in d

47、etermining domestic water requirements. These allowances do NOT include specialpurpose water uses, such as industrial, aircraft-wash, air-conditioning, irrigation, or extra waterdemands at desert stations.2-2. FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS. The system must be capable of supplying the fire flowspecified plu

48、s any other demand that cannot be reduced during the fire period at the requiredresidual pressure and for the required duration. The requirements of each system must beanalyzed to determine whether the capacity of the system is fixed by the domesticrequirements, by the fire demands, or by a combination of both. Where fire-flow demands arerelatively high, or required for long duration, and population and/or industrial use is relativelylow, the total requ