UFC 3-420-02FA CHANGE 1-2007 COMPRESSED AIR [Superseded ARMY ARMY TM 5-810-4].pdf

1、UFC 3-420-02FA 15 May 2003 Including change 1, December 2007 UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC) COMPRESSED AIR APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 3-420-02FA 15 May 2003 Including cha

2、nge 1, December 2007 1UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC) COMPRESSED AIR Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use. Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (Preparing Activi

3、ty) NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY Record of Changes (changes are indicated by 1 . /1/) Change No. Date Location 1 Dec 2007 Page 1-1, Chapter , Para 1-4a., add (7) This UFC supersedes TM 5-810-4, dated 12 January 1990. The format of this UFC does not con

4、form to UFC 1-300-01; however, the format will be adjusted to conform at the next revision. The body of this UFC is a document of a different number. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 3-420-02FA 15 May 2003 Including change 1, Decem

5、ber 2007 2FOREWORD 1 The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance

6、 with USD(AT and are usu-applicable, ally a result of poor maintenance practices and/or in-(2) Shut down idling air compressors. adequately trained maintenance personnel.(3) Where possible, locate air-cooled compressors (2) Specification of qualit y materials and workmanshipwhere room temperature wi

7、ll not exceed 100 degrees F. are a major contribution the designer of a compressed airUtilize heat from compressors to provide space heating i n system can provide for a safe and relatively leakfree airwinter and provide v entilation to remove heat from the plant syst em. In addition, designing the

8、compressed air systemin summer. with minimum piping and pipe joints, will reduce potential(4) Select an air compressor with a pneumatic load- leakage sources.unload feature that, when fully unloaded, consumesapproximately 15 percent of the base load horsepower. 1-5. Electrical work.(5) Use waste hea

9、t from the oil cooler to heat makeup Work will be designed in accordance with TM 5-81 1-2/air, or for building space heating in the winter. AFM, 88-9. Chapter 2.(6) When economically justifiable, use multistagecompression with intercoolers. 1-6. Foundations.(2) Duct air from air-cooled aftercoolers

10、to provideoperating cost. If the dryer must prevent condensation ofte mperature. If seasonal temperatures vary widely as fro mProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-*TM 5-810-4/AFM 88-8, Chap. 31-2Provided by IHS Not for ResaleNo reproductio

11、n or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-*TM 5-810-4/AFM 88-8, Chap. 31-3a. A properly designed and constructed compressor should be consulted for seismic considerations.foundation performs the following functions:(1) Maintains the compressor in alignment and atproper elevation. (2) Mi

12、nimizes vibration and prevents its transmissionto the building structure.(3) Provides enough mass to support the compressor*sweight plus disturbing forces.(4) Pr ovides for the installation of sufficiently longfoundation bolts to insure good anchorage.b. Concrete foundations must provide a permanent

13、lyrigid support for the machinery. Where the foundation isexposed to freezing temperatures. its depth should extendbelow the frost line. Isolating the foundation from anybuilding footings. walls, or floors will help to preventvibration fr om being carried into the building structure. TM5-805-4/AFM 8

14、8-37 should be consulted for thereco mmended vibration isolation practices. Each machinerequires an independent foundation. Operating platformsmust be is olated from the machinery foundations. Drawingswill be prepared for compressor foundations, and allconditions surrounding the fou ndation will be

15、made uniform.The foundation should rest entirely on natural rock orentirely on solid earth, but never on a combination of both.If the foundation substructure rests on bedrock, a vibrationdamping material should be interposed between thesubstructure and the bedrock. If a foundation or foundationsubst

16、ructure rests on piling, the piling should be coveredwith a heavy, continuous, concrete mat. Foundation anchorbolts hold the compressor down firmly and prevent it fro msliding laterally.c. Horizontal and vertical reciprocating air compressorswill have a spring-mounted c oncrete inertia base installe

17、d ona concrete foundation block. Li mit stops will be provided forseismic considerations . For compressor sizes 25 horsepowerand larger, it becomes necessary to engage the services of afoundation specialist to:(1) Test the ability of the soil to carry the load.(2) Consider the elastic char acteristi

18、cs of the ground onwh ich the foundation rests, since reciprocating machinesex ert a dynamic loading as well as a static loading on thefoundation. The unbalanced forces of the compressor areavailable from the manufacturer.(3) Check wet season and dry season soil characteristics(static loading limits

19、 and elasticity).(4) Determine need for piling, either vertical or batte rpiles (piles driven at an angle at the foundation ends).d. Rotary machines have considerably less vibration, andmay have a spring-mounted structural steel base supporte don a concrete foundation blo ck, with limit stops provid

20、ed forseismic considerations. Some rotary package compressorsmay be mounted on existing concrete floors, depending o nsize and manufacturer*s recommend ations, requiring only lagbolts to keep the machine in place.e. Chapter 10, Seismic Design for Mechanical andElectrical Elements. of TM 5-809-l0/AFM

21、 88-3. Chapter 13Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-*TM 5-810-4/AFM 88-8, Chap. 32-1CHAPTER 2AIR INTAKE2-1. Location. locating the air intake at the coolest air source, usually th eThe intake for a compressor will be located either outdo

22、ors north side of the building.or indoors, whichever provides better air quality. Elevationof the c ompressor relative to sea level is required to deter - 2-3. Intake pipe materials.mine atmospheric pressure and density of intake air. Air The inside of intake piping must be smooth and not subjectqua

23、lity will be judged by its temperature, humidity, and to rusting or oxidation. Rust that flakes off will enter andcleanliness. Indoor sound levels are lower when the air damage the compres sor. Acceptable intake air piping mater-intake is located outside the building, especially with a re - ials inc

24、lude plastic, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, orciprocating compressor. Where practicable, an outside air galvanized steel. On metallic piping, mechanical couplingsinta ke should be located on the coolest side of the building. will be used. Welded joints must be avoided since weldat least 6 feet

25、above the ground or roof. For reciprocating beads can break free, enter, and damage the compressor.units, the intake will b e located at least 3 feet away from anywall to minimize the puls ating effect on the structure, and an 2-4. Critical pipe lengths.intake filter silencer or an intake pulsation

26、damper should be Res onance of intake piping with reciprocating air compres-provided. A compressor intake must not be located in an sors is prevented by a voiding certain pipe lengths. These areen closed courtyard. Intake pipes must be positioned to called “critical pipe lengths,” and are a function

27、 of the airprevent entrance of snow or rain water, and must be far temperature and the speed of the compressor in revolutionsenough from steam, gas, or oil engin e exhaust pipes to insure per minute (rpm). Critica l pipe lengths must be verified withintake a ir that is free of moisture or pollution.

28、 Protection by equipment manufacturers.a hood or louvers should be considered when the intake issubject to adverse weather conditions. It is desired that th e 2-5. Intake air filter.intake air filter be l ocated on the compressor and piped from The selection of the filter type is based on whether th

29、e airthe enclosed filter h ood to the outside. This method prevents compressor to be used is lubricated or nonlubricated, and oningestion of foreign material to the internals of the the quality of ambient pressor should the piping have a poor joint or other leak a. Visc ous impingement filters have

30、an efficiency of 85upstream of the intake filter. to 90 percent of particle sizes larger than 10 microns. This2-2. Intake temperature. pressors operating under normal conditions.The den sity of air varies inversely with its temperature; a n b. Oil bath filters have an efficiency of 96 to 98 percenti

31、ncrea se in delivery of approximately I percent is gained for of particles sized larger than 10 microns. This type of filterevery 5 degree s F reduction of intake temperature. Table 2-I is more expensive, and for the most part no longer recom -shows the effect of inlet or initial temperature on air

32、mended by compressor manufacturers, bu t may be consideredcompressor delivery and demonstrates the importance of fo r lubricated reciprocating compressors operatingtype of filter is acceptable for lubricated reciprocating com-Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted witho

33、ut license from IHS-,-,-*TM 5-810-4/AFM 88-8, Chap. 32-2under heavy dust conditions.c. Dry filters have an efficiency of 99 percent of particleslar ger than 10 microns. Because of their high filtration effi-ciency, these filters are the best selection for rotary andreciproca ting compressors. They m

34、ust be used for nonlubri-cated compressors and whenever air must be kept oil-free.d. Two-stage dry filters , to provide 99 percent efficiencyof particles larger than 0.3 micron. will be used for cen-trifugal unitse. With all types of filters , a means of monitoring the airpres sure drop through the

35、element must be provided. whichindicates element contamination.2-6. Dust and vapors.All air compressors are sen sitive to dust and airborne vaporswhich can form adhesive, abrasive, and corrosive mixtureswithin the compressor. These con taminants build up in rotat-ing parts and can induce excessive w

36、ear and mechanicalunbalance, thereby damaging the compressor.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-*TM 5-810-4/AFM 88-8, Chap. 33-1CHAPTER 3AIR COMPRESSORS3-1. Application. ro tary compressor, the oil-free rotary lobe compressor isWhenever

37、it is economically feasible, a central compressed available from 100 to 500 cfm. Oil-free rotary screw andair system will be utilized to serve multiple points of use. rotary lobe compressors can be used for baseload or partialThe air pressure in the receiver will be in the range of 80 to load.125 po

38、u nds per square inch guage (psig). Compressors and d. Rotary sliding vane. Air volumes range up to approxi-all accessories will conform to American Society of mately 3,000 cfm. Such com pressors can be oil-injected, oil-Me chanical Engineers (ASME) B19.l and B19.3, ASME flo oded, or oil-free types.

39、 This type of compressor has lo wBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII, PTC-9 points. To alleviate t he potential problems of tank rupture ata water-sealed rotary compressor: or a reciprocating weldment points, tank-mou nted air compressors are requiredno nlubricated air compressor using carb

40、on or Teflon for to be factory-assembled units with tanks constructed inpiston and packing rings. For isolated cases where oil-fre e acc ordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codeair is required on a compressed air system coalescing filters Section VIII.may be used to remove solids, moisture,

41、 and oil from the airstream. 3-3. Capacity.3-2. Types. indi vidual maximum requirements, but upon the sum of theAn analysis will be made for each compressor selection t o average air consumpt ion of air operated devices. Determina-insure that the best value is obtained. Comparisons of such ti on of

42、the average air consumption is based on the conceptite ms including, but not limited to, brake horsepower (bhp) of load factor (the ratio of actual air consumption to theper 100 cubic feet per minute (cfm), unloaded horsepower, maxi mum continuous full-loaded air consumption). Theexpected compressor

43、 life, and expected operation and Compr essed Air and Gas Institute (CAGI) Compressed Airmainte nance costs, should be made between the different and Gas Handbook explains the procedure for using loadtypes of compressors before final selection is made. The factor to determine compressor capacity. Af

44、ter making th efollowing basic types are available: calculation, add 10 pe rcent to the estimated consumption fora. Reciprocating. Air volumes range up to approximately leakage. The total is the compressor capacity required for6,000 cfm. The need for shielding or baffling structures design. More cap

45、acity may be added to allow for futurearound the reciprocating compressor to meet noise attenua- gr owth of the facility or serviced area over the next 2 years.tion requiremen ts requires investigation. These positive dis-placement compres sors are available with oil-lubricated and 3-4. Multistaging

46、.oil-free cylinders. Multist age compression can be used to reduce power lossesb. Liquid sealed rotary. This type of unit provides oil- associated with the air temperature rise during compression.fre e, positive displacement. non-pulsating operation. The Also, compression efficiency will be increase

47、d using multis-compressors will have enclosed rotors with conical porting taging. The air compressor unit, however, will increase infor adjustment of inte rnal clearance. Air volumes range from cost and will be a more complicated machine. Before select-50 cfm to appr oximately 300 cfm. This type of

48、air compres- ing compressor staging, an economic evaluation should b esor is recommended for health care facilities. performed with consideration given to the required air pres-c. Rotary helical screw. Oil lubricated rotary helical sure levels and the intended compressor use. When usingscrew compres

49、sors have an air volume range from 22 to multistag e compression, intercoolers should always be used3,100 cfm. This type of compressor serves best as a baseload to improve the efficiency of the air compressor unit.machine. Oil-free rotary helical screw compressors have anair volume range from 400 to 12,000 cfm. Another type o f 3-5. Number.Total air requirement will not be based upon