UL 101-2002 UL Standard for Safety Leakage Current for Appliances (Fifth Edition Reprint with revisions through and including January 24 2012)《设备的泄漏电流》.pdf

1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 101 Leakage Current for AppliancesUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

2、 REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Safety for Leakage Current for Appliances, UL 101 Fifth Edition, Dated April 29, 2002 SUMMARY OF TOPICS This revision is being issued to: Reaffirm the ANSI Approval of ANSI/UL 101 Text that has been changed in any manner or imp

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4、The new and/or revised requirements are substantially in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject dated November 4, 2011. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying,

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7、all ULs liability for any damage ever exceed the price paid for this Standard, regardless of the form of the claim. Users of the electronic versions of ULs Standards for Safety agree to defend, indemnify, and hold UL harmless from and against any loss, expense, liability, damage, claim, or judgment

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9、 of the Standard having future effective dates as indicated in the note following the affected item. The prior text for requirements that have been revised and that have a future effective date are located after the Standard, and are preceded by a SUPERSEDED REQUIREMENTS notice. JANUARY 24, 2012 UL

10、101 tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JANUARY 24, 2012 UL 101 tr2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL APRIL 29, 2002 (Title Page Repr

11、inted: January 24, 2012) See Appendix C for the Historical Notes 1 UL 101 Leakage Current for Appliances First Edition November, 1970 Second Edition August, 1973 Third Edition September, 1986 Fourth Edition March, 1992 Fifth Edition April 29, 2002 This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consists of the of

12、the Fifth Edition including revisions through January 24, 2012. The most recent designation of ANSI/UL 101 as a Reaffirmed American National Standard (ANS) occurred on January 24, 2012. ANSI approval for a standard does not include the Cover Page, Transmittal Pages, Title Page, or effective date inf

13、ormation. Comments or proposals for revisions on any part of the Standard may be submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted via a Proposal Request in ULs On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS) at http:/. ULs Standards for Safety are copyrighted by UL. Neither a pri

14、nted nor electronic copy of a Standard should be altered in any way. All of ULs Standards and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding those Standards shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. COPYRIGHT 2012 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. ANSI/UL 101-2002 (R2012)UL COPYRIGHTED MATE

15、RIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL FEBRUARY 1, 2007 LEAKAGE CURRENT FOR APPLIANCES - UL 101 2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Pu

16、rpose .5 2 Scope .5 3 Denitions 5 PERFORMANCE 4 Leakage Current Limits 6 4.1 General .6 4.2 Departure from leakage current limits .8 5 Test Method and Instrumentation for Measurement of Leakage Current .8 5.1 General .8 5.2 Characteristics of measurement circuit and measurement instrument .8 5.3 Tes

17、t conditions .9 5.4 Test procedure 10 APPENDIX A RATIONALE A1 Rationale for Limits .A1 A2 Rationale for Flexible Metal Foil A2 A3 Rationale for Products Requiring EMI Filtering to Meet FCC Requirements A2 A4 Rationale for Humidity Conditioning .A3 A5 Rationale for Higher Leakage Current Levels A3 A6

18、 Rationale for Choice of Meter, and Alternative Meters A5 A7 Rationale for Measurement Circuits .A7 APPENDIX B METER DESIGN B1 General .B1 APPENDIX C C1 HISTORICAL NOTES C1 FEBRUARY 1, 2007 LEAKAGE CURRENT FOR APPLIANCES - UL 101 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DI

19、STRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL This page intentionally left blank. FEBRUARY 1, 2007 LEAKAGE CURRENT FOR APPLIANCES - UL 101 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose 1.1 To minimize the risks associated w

20、ith the physical reaction of the user, or burns to the user, from exposure to leakage currents from appliances under foreseeable use conditions, this standard provides: a) Leakage current limits; b) Methods, specications for measuring equipment, and test conditions for measurement of leakage current

21、s. 2 Scope 2.1 This standard applies to cord- and plug-connected household and similar appliances (see Denitions, Section 3) rated 20 A or less, nominal 50 or 60 Hz, having 3-wire (including equipment grounding conductor) or 2-wire cords, and intended for use on supply circuits not exceeding 150 V t

22、o ground. 2.2 This standard does not apply to: a) Appliances having a grounding connection made at the factory to the neutral terminal. b) Electronic measuring instruments not intended for household use. The values in this standard do not provide protection against the minute currents which could ca

23、use ventricular brillation if applied directly to the heart, as via a heart catheter. 1 3 Denitions 3.1 APPLIANCE (As referred to in this standard) Utilization equipment that uses electric energy for some function, usually complete in itself, generally other than industrial, normally built in standa

24、rdized sizes or types which is installed or connected as a unit to perform one or more functions. For example, a toaster, atiron, washing machine, hand drill, food mixer, air conditioner, gas appliance with electrical controls, kerosene heater with electric blower. 3.2 APPLIANCE, FIXED An appliance

25、that is fastened or otherwise secured at a specic location. 2 3.3 APPLIANCE, PORTABLE An appliance that is actually moved or can easily be moved from one place to another in normal use. 2 1 WEINBERG, D. I., J.L. ARTLEY, R.E. WHALEN, H.D. McINTOSH. Electric Shock Hazards in Cardiac Catheterization, A

26、n Engineering Analysis. Electrical Engineering 82:30-35. 1963 (American Institute of Electrical Engineers now the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers). APRIL 29, 2002 LEAKAGE CURRENT FOR APPLIANCES - UL 101 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION

27、 WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 3.4 APPLIANCE, STATIONARY An appliance that is not easily moved from one place to another in normal use. 2 3.5 FORESEEABLE USE Specied use conditions and other use conditions which a prudent person might assume would cause no immediate hazard. An open ground is considered

28、 to be a condition of foreseeable use. 3.6 LEAKAGE CURRENT Electric current which ows through a person upon contact, between accessible parts of an appliance and a) Ground, and b) Other accessible parts of the appliance. 3.7 MIU-MEASUREMENT INDICATION UNIT Is the output voltage (V3) in millivolts rm

29、s from the measurement instrument in Figure 5.3 divided by 500 (the value in ohms of the resistance in parallel with V2 in the measurement instrument circuit). (The indication is essentially the rms value of a 60 Hz sinusoidal leakage current in mA. It may not be a direct indication of the rms or ot

30、her common amplitude quantier of leakage current when the leakage current is of complex waveform or frequency other than 50 or 60 Hz.) 3.8 REACTION CURRENT A threshold current value, above which a substantial portion of the population may be caused to react involuntarily to the sensation of current.

31、 3.9 SHEATHED HEATING EQUIPMENT LEAKAGE CURRENT Current through insulating material (normally MgO) between the current-carrying conductor and the metallic sheath. PERFORMANCE 4 Leakage Current Limits 4.1 General 4.1.1 When measured in accordance with the test method covered in this standard, the mea

32、surement indication shall not exceed the values shown in Table 4.1. 2 Reprinted from IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms, IEEE Std 100 1984 (ANSI/IEEE Std 100-1984, copyright 1984 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.) APRIL 29, 2002 LEAKAGE CURRENT

33、FOR APPLIANCES - UL 101 6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL Table 4.1 Maximum allowable measurement instrument indication based on reaction Type of appliance Indication in MIU (for a 60 Hz sine wave leakage current, the values a

34、re approximately milliamperes, rms) Two-wire cord- and plug-connected appliance 0.50 MIU Three-wire (including grounding conductor) cord- and plug- connected portable appliance 0.50 MIU Three-wire (including grounding conductor) cord- and plug- connected stationary or xed appliance 0.75 MIU 4.1.2 In

35、 addition to the limits in Table 4.1, to avoid undue risks of severe body tissue burns, the leakage current shall be not greater than 70 mA rms 3 , measured as V2 (volts rms) divided by 0.5 (kilohms), using the measuring instrument of Figure 5.3 with the frequency-sensitive network disconnected. (Se

36、e Appendix B for the performance specications of the modied measuring instrument). NOTE Because in the low frequency range, the maximum allowable current based on reaction is less than the maximum allowable current based on body tissue burn, the burn current limit generally applies only when high fr

37、equencies are involved. Exception No. 1: For appliances having metal-sheathed heating elements for which the operating conditions and present technology does not permit compliance with the limits in Table 4.1 during heat-up and cool-down, the maximum allowable indication of the measurement instrumen

38、t for periods not exceeding 5 minutes during heat-up and not exceeding 5 minutes during cool-down is 2.5 MIU. For other periods of operation, the leakage current shall be within the limits specied in Table 4.1. (See 5.4.12 and 5.4.13) Exception No. 2: Those conductive parts of an appliance that comp

39、ly with all of the specications in Items (a) through (e) below may be permitted by the product standard to have a leakage current from simultaneously accessible parts to the grounded supply conductor higher than specied in Table 4.1, but in no case shall the leakage current be greater than 3.5 MIU.

40、The leakage current between simultaneously accessible parts shall not exceed the values shown in Table 4.1. (See 5.4.2) a) The product requires EMI suppression ltering for compliance with FCC regulations. (See A3.1) b) The product is equipped with a grounding-type supply cord and plug. c) There is a

41、 low probability that a path for available current through the body will exist in the expected environment. If the available current ows to ground, this will involve consideration of the probability that the user will be grounded during the use of the product. d) There is a low probability that high

42、 leakage conductive parts will be contacted during normal use, as dened in the product standard. 3 DOBBIE, A.K. The Electrical Aspects of Surgical Diathermy Bio-Medical Engineering, May 1966, pp. 20616: BECKER, C.M.; MALHOTRA, I.V.; HEDLEY-WHITE, J. The Distribution of Radio-frequency Current and Bu

43、rns Anesthesiology, Feb. 1973, v 38, No.2, pp. 106122 APRIL 29, 2002 LEAKAGE CURRENT FOR APPLIANCES - UL 101 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL e) The probability of injury resulting from an involuntary reaction is small. (See

44、Rationale) Exception No. 3: For an appliance that upon loss-of-grounding, dependably disconnects all sources that can produce leakage current, the leakage current, when measured in accordance with the test method covered in this standard, shall not exceed 5 MIU with the grounding conductor open and

45、with the loss-of-grounding circuit disabled. (See A5) The leakage current, when measured in accordance with the test method covered in this standard, except that the equipment grounding conductor is connected to the grounded supply conductor at the receptacle feeding the appliance, shall not be more

46、 than the values shown in Table 4.1. NOTE This measurement will usually not involve current between accessible parts and the grounded supply conductor, but will involve currents that may ow from one part of the appliance to another. 4.2 Departure from leakage current limits 4.2.1 Leakage currents fo

47、r certain additional tests (see A1.4) that do not represent normal use (but may reect some degree of abuse or certain failure modes) and exceeding the limits stated above, but not exceeding 5 MIU at 50 60 Hz (see A5.2) may appear in individual product standards. If so they should appear with a state

48、ment justifying them. 4 5 Test Method and Instrumentation for Measurement of Leakage Current 5.1 General 5.1.1 This test provides a measurement of leakage current from appliances. 5.2 Characteristics of measurement circuit and measurement instrument 5.2.1 Measurement circuit The measurement circuits

49、 for leakage current shall be as shown in Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2. 5.2.2 Measurement instrument The measurement instrument is dened in items 5.2.3 5.2.6. The instrument that is actually used for measurement need only indicate the same numerical value (see also B1.3) for the particular measurement as would the dened instrument. The instrument used need not have all the attributes of the dened instrument. NOTE The measurement instrument described above should only be