UL 1446-2007 UL Standard for Safety Systems of Insulating Materials - General (Sixth Edition Reprint with Revisions Through and Including March 21 2016)《绝缘材料制品 总则》.pdf

1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 1446 Systems of Insulating Materials GeneralUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED F

2、OR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Safety for Systems of Insulating Materials General, UL 1446 Sixth Edition, Dated February 8, 2007 Summary of Topics These revisions to ANSI/UL 1446 include the following changes in requirements: Revision of Requiremen

3、ts for Magnet Wire Coatings in Paragraph 5.1.2 Text that has been changed in any manner or impacted by ULs electronic publishing system is marked with a vertical line in the margin. Changes in requirements are marked with a vertical line in the margin and are followed by an effective date note indic

4、ating the date of publication or the date on which the changed requirement becomes effective. The revised requirements are substantially in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject dated February 11, 2011 and July 22, 2011. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, store

5、d in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of UL. UL provides this Standard as is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranti

6、es of merchantability or tness for any purpose. In no event will UL be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or similar damages, including loss of prots, lost savings, loss of data, or any other damages arising out of the use of or the inability to use this Standard, even if UL

7、 or an authorized UL representative has been advised of the possibility of such damage. In no event shall ULs liability for any damage ever exceed the price paid for this Standard, regardless of the form of the claim. Users of the electronic versions of ULs Standards for Safety agree to defend, inde

8、mnify, and hold UL harmless from and against any loss, expense, liability, damage, claim, or judgment (including reasonable attorneys fees) resulting from any error or deviation introduced while purchaser is storing an electronic Standard on the purchasers computer system. The requirements in this S

9、tandard are now in effect, except for those paragraphs, sections, tables, gures, and/or other elements of the Standard having future effective dates as indicated in the note following the affected item. The prior text for requirements that have been revised and that have a future effective date are

10、located after the Standard, and are preceded by a SUPERSEDED REQUIREMENTS notice. The following table lists the future effective dates with the corresponding reference: DECEMBER 6, 2011 UL 1446 tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM

11、 UL Future Effective Dates References July 28, 2012 Paragraphs 5.2.4, 9.2, 10.3, and the Reference Publication ANSI/NEMA MW1000 in Clause 2 DECEMBER 6, 2011 UL 1446 tr2UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL FEBRUARY 8, 2007 (Title P

12、age Reprinted: December 6, 2011) 1 UL 1446 Standard for Systems of Insulating Materials General First Edition June, 1978 Second Edition June, 1980 Third Edition January, 1991 Fourth Edition December, 1994 Fifth Edition May, 1997 Sixth Edition February 8, 2007 This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consist

13、s of the Sixth Edition including revisions through December 6, 2011. The most recent designation of ANSI/UL 1446 as an American National Standard (ANSI) occurred on December 6, 2011. ANSI approval for a standard does not include the Cover Page, Transmittal Pages, Title Page, or effective date inform

14、ation. Any other portions of this ANSI/UL standard that were not processed in accordance with ANSI/UL requirements are noted at the beginning of the impacted sections. Comments or proposals for revisions on any part of the Standard may be submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted vi

15、a a Proposal Request in ULs On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS) at http:/. ULs Standards for Safety are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed nor electronic copy of a Standard should be altered in any way. All of ULs Standards and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding

16、 those Standards shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. COPYRIGHT 2011 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. ANSI/UL 1446-2011UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL FEBRUARY 12, 2010 SYSTEMS OF INSULATING MATERIALS GENERAL - U

17、L 1446 2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Scope .5 2 Reference Publications 5 3 Units of Measurement .7 4 Glossary .7 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 5 Magnet Wire .10A 5.1 Magnet wire coatings

18、 .10A 5.2 Magnet wire evaluation .10B 6 Varnishes .12 7 Insulation Systems .13 7.1 General 13 7.2 System components .13 8 Substitutions or Modication to an Insulation System .15 8.1 General 15 8.2 Minor components .15 8.3 Magnet wire 15 8.4 Varnish 17 8.5 Encapsulants, ground, and interwinding insul

19、ation .19 PERFORMANCE TESTS 9 Magnet Wire Coatings/Magnet Wires 21 10 Varnishes Thermal Aging 22 11 Insulation Systems Full Thermal Aging 23 11.1 General .23 11.2 Samples 23 11.3 Exposures .24 11.4 Diagnostic tests determination of end of test-life 26A 11.5 Analysis and evaluation 26B 12 Insulation

20、Systems One Temperature Thermal Aging 31 12.1 General .31 12.2 Samples, exposures, and tests 31 12.3 Analysis and evaluation .32 13 Insulation Systems Two Temperature Thermal Aging 34 13.1 General .34 13.2 Samples, exposures, and tests 34 13.3 Analysis and evaluation .34 14 Sealed Tube Testing 36 14

21、.1 General .36 14.2 Samples 36 14.3 Conditioning .37 14.4 Interpretation of results of non-bondable wire 37 14.5 Interpretation of results for bondable wire .38 15 Infrared Analysis Tests 39 FEBRUARY 12, 2010 SYSTEMS OF INSULATING MATERIALS GENERAL - UL 1446 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED F

22、OR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL MARKING 16 Details .39 Appendix A Information for Magnet Wire Substitution FEBRUARY 8, 2007 SYSTEMS OF INSULATING MATERIALS GENERAL - UL 1446 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PE

23、RMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 These requirements cover test procedures to be used in the evaluation of Class 120(E) or higher electrical insulation systems intended for connection to the low voltage side of the distribution network where the voltage is limited to 1000 V or less and where

24、 the thermal factor and not transient overvoltages or partial discharge is the dominating aging factor. These requirements also cover the investigation of the substitution of minor components of insulation in a previously evaluated insulation system and also the test procedures to be used in the eva

25、luation of magnet wire coatings, magnet wires, and varnishes. 1.1 revised January 30, 2008 1.2 These requirements do not cover a single insulating material or a simple combination of materials, such as a laminate or a varnished cloth, printed circuit boards, or planar transformers. 1.3 These require

26、ments do not cover insulation systems exposed to radiation or operating in oils, refrigerants, soaps, or other media that potentially degrade insulating materials. 1.4 These requirements shall be modied or supplemented as determined by the applicable requirements in the end-product standard covering

27、 the device, appliance, or equipment in which the insulation system is used. 2 Reference Publications 2.1 This Standard refers to the following publications and where such reference is made it shall be to the edition listed below. Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirem

28、ents of this standard shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard. Revised reference to ASTM D2307 effective June 30, 2010. Reference to ANSI/NEMA MW1000-2003 effective July 28, 2012 ANSI Standards ANSI/NEMA MW1000-2003, Standard for Magnet Wire ASTM Standards AS

29、TM D1676, Test Methods for Film-Insulated Magnet Wire ASTM D1932, Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Flexible Electrical Insulating Varnishes ASTM D2307, Test Method for Relative Thermal Endurance of Film-Insulated Round Magnet Wire Specimens shall be thermal aged in ASTM D5423 Type I or Type II o

30、vens. ASTM D2519, Standard Method of Test for Bond Strength of Electrical Insulating Varnishes by Helical Coil Test ASTM D3145, Test Method for Thermal Degradation/Endurance by Helical Coil Method JUNE 30, 2010 SYSTEMS OF INSULATING MATERIALS GENERAL - UL 1446 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED

31、 FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL ASTM D3251, Test Method for Thermal-Aging Characteristics of Electrical Insulating Varnishes Applied Over Film-Insulated Magnet Wire ASTM D5642, Test Method for Sealed Tube Chemical Compatibility Test ASTM E178, Standard Practice f

32、or Dealing with Outlying Observations IEC Standards IEC 61857 (All Parts), Electrical Insulation Systems Procedures for Thermal Evaluation IEEE Standards IEEE No. 1, General Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating of Electrical Equipment IEEE No. 99, Guide for the Preparation of Test Procedu

33、res for the Thermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Electric Equipment IEEE No. 101, Guide for the Statistical Analysis of Thermal Life Test Data IEEE No. 117, Standard Test Procedure for Evaluation of Systems of Insulating Materials for Random-Wound AC Electrical Machinery IEEE No. 259, Standa

34、rd Test Procedure for Evaluation of Systems of Insulation for Dry-Type Specialty and General-Purpose Transformers FEBRUARY 8, 2007 SYSTEMS OF INSULATING MATERIALS GENERAL - UL 1446 6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 3 Units of

35、Measurement 3.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or approximate information. 4 Glossary 4.1 For the purpose of this standard, the following denitions apply: 4.2 APPARENT THERMAL INDEX The unadjusted thermal index of an insulation system der

36、ived from a regression analysis of that systems thermal aging data, usually higher in value than the systems rated temperature class. For Class 105(A) systems used as controls, the temperature 105.0C is to be used in place of an apparent thermal index. 4.3 CATALYST A substance that alters (usually i

37、ncreases) the rate at which a reaction occurs without being consumed into the reaction. 4.4 CURING AGENT A substance or mixture of substances that promote or control the reaction process and is consumed in the reaction. 4.5 CYCLE A period of heat aging, typically one-tenth of the estimated total tim

38、e required, to induce deterioration at the specic aging temperature, followed by a sequence of exposures to vibration, cold shock (when applicable), humidity, and voltage stress. 4.6 DEAD METAL Metallic part that is at no electrical potential. With respect to the requirements in this Standard, dead

39、metal parts are to be considered the same as if they were at ground potential. 4.7 GEOMETRIC MEAN The n th root of the product of n values. Mathematically will result in the same value as the Log Average. 4.7 revised January 9, 2009 4.8 INSULATION SYSTEM A unique intimate combination of two or more

40、insulating materials used in electrical equipment. One example of this is the combination of magnet wire, ground insulation, varnish, lead wire insulations, and outer wrapping of a coil. These intimate combinations are evaluated as unique groups. When multiple groups exist, either within a given ins

41、ulation system or a different insulation system, components of one unique group shall not be added to another unique group. However, more than one group is able to be used within a single device when at least a 3.05 mm (0.125 inch) air space is used to separate them. Any material or component existi

42、ng outside the outer wrap of the device or not in contact with the windings is not determined to be part of the insulation system. 4.9 INSULATION SYSTEM CLASS A temperature class of an insulation system that is numerically equal to a maximum hot-spot operating temperature. Hot-spot temperatures for

43、various insulation systems are specied in Table 4.1. The methods of measuring temperatures and determining hot-spot temperature allowances are specied in end-use standards. JANUARY 9, 2009 SYSTEMS OF INSULATING MATERIALS GENERAL - UL 1446 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCT

44、ION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL Table 4.1 Maximum hot-spot temperatures of insulation systems System class Maximum hot-spot temperature, C (F) 120(E) 120 (248) 130(B) 130 (266) 155(F) 155 (311) 180(H) 180 (356) 200(N) 200 (392) 220(R) 220 (428) 240(S) 240 (464) Over 240(C) Over 240 (O

45、ver 464) 4.9.1 LOG AVERAGE The antilog of the quotient, dened as the sum of the logs as the dividend, divided by the number of values as the divisor. Preferred method for calculating life but mathematically will result in the same value as the Geometric Mean. 4.9.1 added January 9, 2009 4.10 MOTORET

46、TE A unit constructed in accordance with the specications in IEEE No. 117, Standard Test Procedure for Evaluation of Systems of Insulating Materials for Random-Wound AC Electrical Machinery, except that: a) The slot assembly, comprised of both inner and outer slot plates, shall be constructed of sta

47、inless steel; and Exception: When stainless steel is not able to be used due to difficulty in material adhesion, such as an epoxy coating, or similar problem, cold rolled steel is able to be used. b) The magnet wire shall be 18 AWG (0.82 mm 2 ) unless unavailable, in which case any wire size 18 AWG

48、24 AWG (0.20 mm 2 ) is able to be used. 4.11 SAMPLE Actual electrotechnical products, components thereof, or non-functional models representing the product, e.g. motorette, used in the evaluation of an insulation system. 4.12 SYSTEM An insulation system. See 4.8. 4.13 SYSTEM COMPONENTS Grouped as fo

49、llows: a) MAJOR COMPONENTS The components of an insulation system that are relied upon to prevent a risk of electric shock or re. Examples of this type of insulation include ground, interwinding, turn, encapsulant, and varnish. See Table 4.2. b) MINOR COMPONENTS The components of an insulation system that are used typically in mechanical or thermal conduction capacities, and are not relied upon to prevent risk of re or electric shock. See Table 4