UL 94-2013 UL Standard for Safety Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances (Sixth Edition Reprint with revisions through and including May 30_1.pdf

1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 94 Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances STANDARD FOR SAFETYUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT

2、PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Safety for Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances, UL 94 Sixth Edition, Dated March 28, 2013 Summary of Topics This re

3、vision to ANSI/UL 94 was issued to include the following changes: 1. Addition of Reference to the Figurative Examples of IEC 60695-11-20 in 5V Test Method The revised requirements are substantially in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject dated December 4, 2015. Text that has been changed in a

4、ny manner or impacted by ULs electronic publishing system is marked with a vertical line in the margin. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherw

5、ise without prior permission of UL. UL provides this Standard as is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or tness for any purpose. In no event will UL be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, i

6、ndirect or similar damages, including loss of prots, lost savings, loss of data, or any other damages arising out of the use of or the inability to use this Standard, even if UL or an authorized UL representative has been advised of the possibility of such damage. In no event shall ULs liability for

7、 any damage ever exceed the price paid for this Standard, regardless of the form of the claim. Users of the electronic versions of ULs Standards for Safety agree to defend, indemnify, and hold UL harmless from and against any loss, expense, liability, damage, claim, or judgment (including reasonable

8、 attorneys fees) resulting from any error or deviation introduced while purchaser is storing an electronic Standard on the purchasers computer system. MARCH 21, 2016 UL 94 tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL MARCH 21, 2016 UL

9、94 tr2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL March 28, 2013 (Title Page Reprinted: March 21, 2016) 1 UL 94 Standard for Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances First Editi

10、on September, 1972 Second Edition September, 1973 Third Edition January, 1980 Fourth Edition June, 1991 Fifth Edition October, 1996 Sixth Edition March 28, 2013 This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consists of the Sixth Edition including revisions through March 21, 2016. The most recent designation of A

11、NSI/UL 94 as an American National Standard (ANSI) occurred on March 21, 2016. ANSI approval for a standard does not include the Cover Page, Transmittal Pages and Title Page. Any other portions of this ANSI/UL standard that were not processed in accordance with ANSI/UL requirements are noted at the b

12、eginning of the impacted sections. Comments or proposals for revisions on any part of the Standard may be submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted via a Proposal Request in ULs On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS) at http:/. ULs Standards for Safety are copyrig

13、hted by UL. Neither a printed nor electronic copy of a Standard should be altered in any way. All of ULs Standards and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding those Standards shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. COPYRIGHT 2016 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. ANSI/UL 94-2016UL

14、COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL MARCH 21, 2016 UL 94 2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Scope .5 2 References

15、6 2.1 General .6 2.2 Referenced standards in this text .6 2.3 Related standards 7 3 Denitions 7 4 Signicance of Tests 8 5 Apparatus 8 6 Conditioning .10 TESTS 7 Horizontal Burning Test; HB .10 7.1 Test criteria .10 7.2 Test apparatus 11 7.3 Test specimens .11 7.4 Conditioning 12 7.5 Procedure 12 7.

16、6 Calculations 13 7.7 Results .13 8 50W (20 mm) Vertical Burning Test; V-0, V-1, or V-2 .15 8.1 Test Criteria 15 8.2 Test apparatus 16 8.3 Test specimens .17 8.4 Conditioning 17 8.5 Procedure 18 8.6 Results .19 9 500 W (125 mm) Vertical Burning Test; 5VA or 5VB .19 9.1 Test criteria .20 9.2 Test app

17、aratus 21 9.3 Test specimens .21 9.4 Conditioning 22 9.5 Bar specimens test procedure 22 9.6 Plate specimens test procedure 22A 10 Radiant Panel Flame Spread Test 24 10.1 Test criteria 24 10.2 Test specimens 25 11 Thin Material Vertical Burning Test; VTM-0, VTM-1, or VTM-2. 26 11.1 Test criteria 26

18、11.2 Test apparatus .27 11.3 Test specimens 27 11.4 Conditioning .29 11.5 Procedure .29 11.6 Test results 30 12 Horizontal Burning Foamed Material Test; HBF, HF-1, or HF-2. .30 12.1 Test criteria 30 12.2 Test apparatus .31 12.3 Test specimens 31 MARCH 21, 2016 UL 94 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTH

19、ORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 12.4 Conditioning .32 12.5 Procedure .32 12.6 Test results 33 MARKING 13 General 35 SUPPLEMENT SA - FOLLOW-UP INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION SA1 Scope SA1 SA2 Glossary SA1 SA3 Responsibility of the Manufacturer .SA2 SA4

20、 Responsibility of the Field Representative SA3 SA5 Selection of Samples for Follow-Up Testing .SA3 SA6 Follow-Up Test Program SA3 SUPPLEMENT SB - GUIDANCE FOR ACCEPTING ALTERNATE MANUFACTURING LOCATIONS INTRODUCTION SB1 Scope SB1 SB2 Guidelines SB1 MARCH 21, 2016 UL 94 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT

21、AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 These requirements cover tests for ammability of polymeric materials used for parts in devices and appliances. They are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with re

22、spect to ammability for a particular application. 1.2 The methods described in this Standard involve standard size specimens and are intended to be used solely to measure and describe the ammability properties of materials, used in devices and appliances, in response to a small open ame or radiant h

23、eat source under controlled laboratory conditions. 1.3 The tests in the Standard for Tests for Flammability of Small Polymeric Component Materials should be used to evaluate small components which contain materials that can not be fabricated into standardized specimens in the minimum use thickness a

24、nd subjected to applicable preselection tests in UL 94. Test procedures in UL 1694 are applicable to small components with an overall volume of less than 2500 mm 3 (0.15 in 3 ). UL 1694 is generally not applicable to small components with an overall volume greater than 2500 mm 3 (0.15 in 3 ). 1.4 Th

25、e nal acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in complete equipment that conforms with the standards applicable to such equipment. The ammability classication required of a material is dependent upon the equipment or device involved and the particular use of the material. The performanc

26、e level of a material determined by these methods shall not be assumed to correlate with its performance in end-use application. The actual response to heat and ame of materials depends upon the size and form, and also on the end-use of the product using the material. Assessment of other important c

27、haracteristics in the end-use application includes, but is not limited to, factors such as ease of ignition, burning rate, ame spread, fuel contribution, intensity of burning, and products of combustion. 1.5 If found to be appropriate, the requirements are applied to other nonmetallic materials. 1.6

28、 These tests, with the exception of the Radiant Panel Test in Section 10, are not applicable to the evaluation of parts where the thickness exceeds 13.0 mm or where the surface area exceeds 1 m 2 . These requirements do not cover polymeric materials when used for building construction, nishing, or c

29、ontents such as wall and oor coverings, furnishings, decorative objects and so forth. In addition, the re resistance (in terms of an hourly rating), ame spread, smoke characterization, and heat release rate is not evaluated. Other re tests exist and shall be used to evaluate the ammability of materi

30、als in the intended end-use-product conguration. MARCH 28, 2013 UL 94 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 2 References 2.1 General 2.1.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard

31、shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard. 2.2 Referenced standards in this text 2.2.1 If a designation for a test method is followed by an alternate or equivalent designation, in parenthesis, the latter method is considered technically equivalent, though not n

32、ecessarily identical, and might yield somewhat different numerical test results than those obtained with the original test method. ISO 13943, Fire Safety Vocabulary (ASTM E 176, Standard Terminology of Fire Standards) ISO 291 : Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and Testing (ASTM D 618, Practice

33、for Conditioning Plastics for Testing) ASTM D 789, Test Method for Determination of Relative Viscosity of Polyamide ASTM E 162-08, Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source ASTM D 3195, Practice of Rotameter Calibration IEC TS60695-11-4, Test Flames 50 W Fl

34、ames - Apparatus and Conrmational Test Methods; Method A and IEC TS60695-11-3, Test Flames 500 W Flames - Apparatus and Conrmational Test Methods; Method A ( ASTM D 5025, Specication for a Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials; ASTM D 5207, Practice for Conrmation

35、 of 20 mm (50 W) Test Flames for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials) ASTM 2016, Standard Specication for Industrial Woven Wire Cloth, Appendix X3 HB: ASTM D 635, Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Self-Supporting Plastics in a Horizontal Position (IEC 60

36、695-11-10, Fire hazard testing Part 11-10; Test ames 50 W horizontal and vertical ame test methods) V: ASTM D 3801, Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical Position (IEC 60695-11-10, Fire hazard testing Part 11-10: Test ames 50 W horizontal a

37、nd vertical ame test methods) VTM: ASTM D 4804, Test Method for Determining the Flammability Characteristics of Nonrigid Solid Plastics (ISO 9773, Plastics Determination of Burning Behavior of Flexible Vertical Specimens in Contact with a Small Flame Ignition Source) 5V: ASTM D 5048, Test Method for

38、 Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using a 125 mm Flame (IEC 60695-11-20, Fire hazard testing Part 11-20: Test ames 500 W ame test methods) HBF: ASTM D 4986, Test Method for Horizontal Burning Characteristics of Cellular Polymeric Mate

39、rials (ISO 9772, Cellular Plastics Determination of Horizontal Burning Characteristics of Small Specimens Subjected to a Small Flame) MARCH 28, 2013 UL 94 6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 2.3 Related standards 2.3.1 The Stand

40、ard for Polymeric Materials Short Term Property Evaluations, UL 746A, contains short-term test procedures to be used for the evaluation of materials used for parts intended for specic applications in electrical end products. The Standard for Polymeric Materials Long Term Property Evaluations, UL 746

41、B, contains long-term test procedures to be used for the evaluation of materials used for parts intended for specic applications in end products. Test procedures are provided in the Standard for Polymeric Materials Use in Electrical Equipment Evaluations, UL 746C, for the evaluation of polymeric mat

42、erials in specic applications in end products. The test procedures include reference to the data obtained from the standard property tests in UL 746A, as well as other practical means of evaluation. The Standard for Polymeric Materials Fabricated Parts, UL 746D, contains requirements for traceabilit

43、y and performance of parts molded and fabricated from polymeric materials. 2.3.2 Requirements for materials that have been modied to match the requirements of a specic application, including - but not limited to - the use of recycled and regrind materials, the use of additives and colorants, and the

44、 blending of two or more materials, are described in the Standard for Polymeric Materials Fabricated Parts, UL 746D. 3 Denitions For the purpose of this Standard, the following denitions apply (See ISO 13943): 3.1 Afterame Flame which persists after the ignition source has been removed. 3.2 Afterame

45、 Time The length of time during which an afterame persists under specied conditions. 3.3 Afterglow Persistence of glowing combustion after both removal of the ignition source and the cessation of any aming. 3.4 Afterglow Time The length of time during which an afterglow persists under specied condit

46、ions. 3.5 Flame To undergo combustion in the gaseous phase with emission of light. 3.6 Glowing Combustion Combustion of a material in the solid phase without ame but with emission of light from the combustion zone. MARCH 28, 2013 UL 94 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION

47、 OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 4 Signicance of Tests 4.1 Tests conducted on a material under the conditions specied are intended to provide information when: comparing the relative burning characteristics of different materials, or assessing any change in burning characteristics prior t

48、o, or during, use. This method is not intended to provide correlation with performance under actual service conditions. 4.2 Assessment for risk of re shall take into account such factors as fuel contribution, intensity of burning (rate of heat release), products of combustion and environmental facto

49、rs such as the intensity of source, orientation of exposed material and ventilation conditions. 4.3 Burning characteristics, as measured by these test procedures, are affected by such factors as: density, color, any anisotropy of the material molding conditions and the thickness of the specimen. 4.4 When a specimen of a thin material shrinks from the ame without igniting, the test results shall be deemed invalid and additional specimens shall be tested. If