1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULJanuary 15, 20101SUBJECT 116875OUTLINE OF INVESTIGATIONFORLEAD (Pb) CONTENT VERIFICATION OF PRODUCTS IN CONTACT WITHPOTABLE WATERIssue Number: 1January 15, 2010Summary of TopicsThis is the first
2、issue of the Outline of Investigation for Lead (Pb) ContentVerification of Products in Contact with Potable Water. This outline isissued to document the analytical tests to be employed for materialevaluation for lead content.COPYRIGHT 2010 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AU
3、THORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULJANUARY 15, 2010SUBJECT 1168752No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULCONTENTSINTRODUCTION1 Scope .42 Components and Materials .43 Units of
4、 Measurement .44 Undated References 45 Glossary .56 General 56.1 General requirements .56.2 Lead in materials .5CONSTRUCTION7 Design Requirements for Lead Content 5SAMPLES8 Material Samples .6MATERIAL VERIFICATION9 Lead (Pb) Content Testing .69.1 General .69.2 Screening .79.3 Destructive testing 810
5、 Weighted Average Lead Content Calculation 810.1 General 810.2 Calculation .9MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION11 General 1012 Control and Inspection Requirements .10JANUARY 15, 2010 SUBJECT 116875 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULIN
6、TRODUCTION1 Scope1.1 These requirements cover the evaluation of wetted surfaces of products, components, and materialsthat convey or dispense water that is intended for human consumption by drinking or cooking for lead (Pb)content.1.2 These requirements do not cover other health risk aspects of thes
7、e products, components, andmaterials such as contaminants that may leach into the water from materials of which the product ismanufactured.1.3 The final acceptance of a product, component, or material is dependent upon its compliance with therequirements and standards that a local, state, federal, o
8、r other jurisdictional body has defined for theproduct or component.1.4 The lead content verification requirements are adapted from the public domain content available inthe California Department of Toxic Substances Control Fact Sheet (August 2009) on Testing andEvaluation of Lead Content in Plumbin
9、g Products, Materials and Components.2 Components and Materials2.1 A component or materials of a product covered by this Outline of Investigation shall comply with therequirements for that component or material.3 Units of Measurement3.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values i
10、n parentheses are explanatory orapproximate information.4 Undated References4.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this Outline ofInvestigation shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard.JANUARY 15, 2010SUBJECT 1168754UL
11、 COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL5 Glossary5.1 For the purpose of this Outline, the following definitions shall apply.5.2 PERCENT (%) Where percent is used in this document, it is on a mass/mass basis. Forexample, if a material ha
12、s 0.01% Pb, this means 100 mg Pb/1 kg material.5.3 POTABLE WATER Water intended for human consumption by drinking or cooking.5.4 SUBSTRATE The specific surface to which a coating or plating is applied.6 General6.1 General requirements6.1.1 This Outline of Investigation contains requirements for dete
13、rmining if a product is compliant with aweighted average lead content not exceeding 0.25 percent. The requirements consist of two basic parts:a) Design requirements based on material specifications, andb) Testing of materials to verify the lead content using the test methods specified in thisdocumen
14、t.6.2 Lead in materials6.2.1 When testing a material to determine the lead content, lead may be detected in some materials thatdo not have lead as part of the material formulation. If it is determined that the lead is naturally occurringor unintentionally added, a maximum lead content shall be speci
15、fied for the material.CONSTRUCTION7 Design Requirements for Lead Content7.1 Products shall comply with the following design requirements:a) Brass or bronze shall have a lead content not exceeding 8 percent.b) Solders and fluxes shall have a lead content not exceeding 0.2 percent.c) All other materia
16、ls shall not contain lead as an intentional ingredient.d) The weighted average lead content shall not exceed 0.25 percent when calculated inaccordance with Weighted Average Lead Content Calculation, Section 10.JANUARY 15, 2010 SUBJECT 116875 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPROD
17、UCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULSAMPLES8 Material Samples8.1 Finished product samples or material samples shall be subject to the material test in Lead (Pb)Content Testing, Section 9. In cases where material samples are being evaluated in lieu of finishedproduct samples, the material
18、 sample shall be representative of the finished product and have undergonethe same manufacturing processes.MATERIAL VERIFICATION9 Lead (Pb) Content Testing9.1 General9.1.1 All materials in contact with potable water shall be tested and comply with the lead (Pb) contentrequirements of this section. T
19、esting approaches for evaluating a material include non-destructive samplescreening and destructive analytical testing.9.1.2 For materials that are coated or plated, the substrate and the coating or plating shall be evaluatedfor lead content.9.1.2.1 Wherever possible, a coating or plating shall be t
20、ested separately from its substrate.9.1.2.2 When separating a coating or plating from its substrate, care should be taken so as not to includecoating or plating in the sampled material when evaluating a substrate and not to include substrate in thesampled material when evaluating a coating or platin
21、g.9.1.2.3 In the event that independent coating or plating and substrate samples cannot be acquired andeffective separation of the coating or plating from the substrate cannot be achieved, the followingmeasurements shall be conducted.9.1.2.3.1 Screening shall be performed on the coated or plated sur
22、face.9.1.2.3.2 Screening shall be performed on the uncoated or unplated portion of the substrate, or area ofthe substrate from which the coating or plating has been mechanically or chemically removed.9.1.2.3.3 When required, destructive testing shall be performed on a representative sample of the co
23、atedor plated specimen including its substrate.9.1.3 Any material that is reported to contain lead from screening is to be subjected to destructive testing.9.1.4 Materials that are subject to treatment with a lead removal technology are to be subjected todestructive testing.9.1.5 Materials may be su
24、bjected to destructive testing in lieu of using the screening method, exceptwhere indicated in 9.1.2.3.JANUARY 15, 2010SUBJECT 1168756UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL9.1.6 Destructive testing is to be the referee method, except
25、 where the screening method is moreappropriate, such as in 9.1.2.3. A coating, plating, or substrate that has a lead content identified byscreening may potentially have a diluted test result using the destructive testing approach where a coatingor plating is inseparable for destructive testing. In c
26、ases where the destructive testing result may havebeen diluted, the screening method shall be the referee method.9.1.7 Results shall be compared to the maximum lead content for the material specification. The materialshall have a lead content result not exceeding the maximum lead content specified f
27、or the material. If amaterial has a lead content specified as zero or less than the method detection limit or method reportinglimit, the results shall demonstrate no lead was detected equal to or exceeding the respective methoddetection or reporting limits. If the lead content specification for a ma
28、terial is given in a range, the leadcontent result shall be within the range.9.2 Screening9.2.1 Materials are to be screened to determine the lead content using XRF (X-Ray FluorescenceSpectrometry) or another applicable method. The screening method shall be capable of detecting lead atless than or e
29、qual to 0.02 percent in metal and 0.005 percent for all other materials. Performance is to bedemonstrated by means including the determination of control samples of known lead content andconfirmation of an appropriate detection limit.9.2.2 The instrument is to be calibrated to suitable reference mat
30、erials, for example standard referencematerials or certified reference materials9.2.3 Materials exhibiting ferromagnetic behavior may not be suitable for measurement using XRF.9.2.4 The following is to be taken into consideration with a screening method:a) The surface scanned is to be clean and dry.
31、 If scanning a substrate, the surface is to be freeof coating. Slight overspray of coatings can significantly reduce lead content readings.b) Part finishes that remove surface lead, such as acid washes, will affect surface lead contentreadings and may affect the value of the screening analysis.c) Pa
32、rt size, shape, and condition of the surface can impact reading. The area analyzed is tobe no smaller than the instrument observation window and shapes, such as curved surfaces, isto be minimized.d) Each material is to be screened a minimum of two times, preferably in unique locations, andaveraged t
33、o determine the result.9.2.5 If the result from the screening indicates the lead content is less than 0.02 percent for metals or lessthan 0.005 percent for all other materials, no further testing is required. If the result from the screening isinconclusive or indicates lead is present at or exceedin
34、g 0.02 percent for metals or 0.005 percent for allother materials, the material is to be subjected to destructive testing.JANUARY 15, 2010 SUBJECT 116875 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL9.3 Destructive testing9.3.1 When destru
35、ctive testing is required to determine the lead content of a material, the methodidentified in this section is to be followed. The destructive testing method shall have a method reportinglimit not exceeding 0.004 percent Pb.9.3.2 Sampling of material can be by various methods such as drilling, turni
36、ng, sawing, or milling. Whenpossible, material is to be blended from a minimum of three areas taken at random locations across thespecimen. With the exception of very large parts, test pieces are to be drilled or sawed completely throughin order to avoid over- or under-representation of the center p
37、ortion.9.3.3 The test from this point is to be run in duplicate.9.3.4 A minimum of 1.0 gram of sample is to be dissolved in accordance with Test Methods for EvaluatingSolid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, US EPA SW-846 Method 3050B Acid Digestion of Sediments,Sludges, and Soils, Method 3052 Microw
38、ave Assisted Acid Digestion of Siliceous and Organically BasedMatrices, or equivalent. Other applicable sample preparation methods may be employed, provided thatadequate performance can be demonstrated for the analytes and matrices of interest.9.3.5 Analysis for metals is to be performed in accordan
39、ce with Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,Physical/Chemical Methods, USEPA SW-846 Method 6010C Inductively Coupled Plasma-AtomicEmission Spectrometry, or equivalent. Other applicable chemical analysis methods may be employed,provided that adequate performance can be demonstrated for the analyt
40、es and matrices of interest.9.3.6 Sample preparation and analysis procedures are to be validated for the analytes and matrices tobe tested. All the quality assurance/quality control protocols and other requirements specified in themethod being used are to be followed. If a specified protocol is not
41、followed, a justification for the deviationis to be explicitly addressed.10 Weighted Average Lead Content Calculation10.1 General10.1.1 Products shall have a weighted average lead content not exceeding 0.25 percent when calculatedin accordance with this section.10.1.2 The maximum lead content of the
42、 material specification used to produce the wetted componentsis to be used for the calculation of the weighted average lead content. In cases where the material leadcontent specification is less than the screening method detection limit, or the destructive testing methodreporting limit, the respecti
43、ve method detection or reporting limit in Lead (Pb) Content Testing, Section 9,is to be used for the calculation.10.1.3 When lead-bearing surfaces have been excluded from water contact by the use of a rigid liner (e.g.plastic sleeve) sealed with a permanent barrier, the lead content of the liner is
44、to be used in the calculationof the weighted average lead content.JANUARY 15, 2010SUBJECT 1168758UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL10.1.4 Products with a coating or plating shall be compliant when calculating the weighted average
45、 leadcontent both when using the lead content of the substrate and when using the lead content of the coatingor plating. The highest lead content specification of the substrate, coating, or plating shall be used for thecalculation. In cases where the substrate and coating or plating has a lead conte
46、nt specification less thanthe screening method detection limit or the destructive testing method reporting limit, the highestscreening method detection limit or destructive testing method reporting limit for the substrate, coating, orplating from testing in Lead (Pb) Content Testing, Section 9, shal
47、l be used for the calculation.10.1.5 For materials where the wetted surface has been treated with a lead removal technology, thepercent lead composition of the material is to be based on the material used to manufacture the productprior to the application of the surface treatment.10.1.6 The wetted s
48、urface area for internal threads shall include 25 percent of the wetted area.10.2 Calculation10.2.1 If all materials of a product have a lead content specification not exceeding 0.25 percent then nocalculation is necessary and the product is compliant with the weighted average lead contentrequiremen
49、ts.10.2.2 If any materials of a product have a lead content specification exceeding 0.25 percent lead, theweighted average lead content shall be calculated using the following formula. The final result shall berounded to two decimal places.in which:WLC is the weighted average lead content of productLCcis the percentage lead content of componentWSAcis the wetted surface area of componentWSAtis the total wetted surface area of all componentsn is the number of wetted components in productJANUARY 15, 2010 SUBJECT 116875 9UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER RE
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