UL SUBJECT 2265C-2006 OUTLINE OF INVESTIGATION FOR HAND-HELD OR HAND-TRANSPORTABLE ALKALINE (DIRECT BOROHYDRIDE) FUEL CELL POWER UNITS AND BOROHYDRIDE FUEL CARTRIDGES FOR USE WITH Y EQ.pdf

1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULAugust 2, 20061SUBJECT 2265COUTLINE OF INVESTIGATIONFORHAND-HELD OR HAND-TRANSPORTABLE ALKALINE (DIRECTBOROHYDRIDE) FUEL CELL POWER UNITS AND BOROHYDRIDE FUELCARTRIDGES FOR USE WITH CONSUMER ELEC

2、TRONICS ORINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENTIssue Number: 1AUGUST 2, 2006Summary of TopicsThis is the first issue of the Outline of Investigation for Hand-Held orHand-Transportable Alkaline (Direct Borohydride) Fuel Cell Power UnitsAnd Borohydride Fuel Cartridges For Use With Consumer Electronicsor In

3、formation Technology Equipment.The UL Foreword is no longer located within the UL Outline of Investigation. Forinformation concerning the use and application of the requirements contained inthis Outline of Investigation, the current version of the UL Foreword is located onULStandardsInfoNet at: http

4、:/ 2006 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULAUGUST 2, 2006SUBJECT 2265C2No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULCONT

5、ENTSINTRODUCTION1 Scope .52 Units of Measurement .53 References .54 Glossary .5CONSTRUCTION5 General 76 Corrosive, Toxic and Flammable Material Containing Parts 77 Enclosures .87.1 General .87.2 Fire enclosures .88 Electrical Circuits and Components 108.1 Internal wiring .108.2 Motors .108.3 Electro

6、mechanical components .108.4 Functional insulation .118.5 Batteries .118.6 Safety controls 128.7 Circuits .129 Hazard Analysis .13PERFORMANCE10 Test Considerations .1310.1 General .1310.2 Simulated faults and abnormal conditions for limited power and SELV circuits .1410.3 Determining impermissible l

7、imits .1510.4 Emissions .1610.5 Local flammable hydrogen concentration 1811 Determination of System Power and Voltage Levels Tests .1811.1 SELV reliability .1811.2 Limited power source .1911.3 Maximum VA output 2012 Material Tests 2012.1 Aging of polymeric fuel containing parts .2012.2 Aging of elas

8、tomeric gaskets and seals .2112.3 Immersion tests 2113 Electrical Tests .2213.1 Abnormal operations and fault conditions 2213.2 Normal use temperature 2413.3 Output short circuit .2514 Mechanical Tests System 2614.1 General .2614.2 Drop 2614.3 Vibration 2614.4 Compressive loading .2714.5 Stress reli

9、ef 27AUGUST 2, 2006 SUBJECT 2265C 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL14.6 High temperature connection 2814.7 Fuel cell system connection cycling .2814.8 Pressure 2915 Environmental Tests System .2915.1 General .2915.2 Temperature

10、 cycling 3015.3 Pressure differential tests .3016 Mechanical Tests Fuel Cartridges and Single Use Fuel Cell Systems .3116.1 General .3116.2 Drop 3116.3 Vibration 3216.4 Compressive loading .3216.5 Stress relief 3216.6 Cartridge cycling .3216.7 Pressure 3317 Environmental Tests Fuel Cartridges and Si

11、ngle Use Fuel Cell Systems .3317.1 General .3317.2 Temperature cycling 3317.3 Pressure differential 3317.4 Elevated temperature exposure 3317.5 Long-term storage 34MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS18 Differential Pressure 34MARKINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS19 General Markings .3420 Markings .3521 Instructi

12、ons 3521.1 General instructions 3521.2 Operating and installation instructions .3621.3 User maintenance instructions .3621.4 Safety instructions 37AUGUST 2, 2006SUBJECT 2265C4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULINTRODUCTION1 Scope1

13、.1 These requirements cover hand-held or hand-transportable direct borohydride alkaline fuel cell powerunits fueled with single use borohydride compound fuel cartridges or hand-held or hand-transportablesingle use direct borohydride alkaline fuel cell power units with an integral borohydride compoun

14、d fuelcartridge. The fuel utilized to fuel the systems consists of either sodium or potassium borohydridecompound or a mixture of these compounds, which is considered a Class 8 (corrosive) material.1.2 These requirements apply to power units that provide dc outputs rated 60 Vdc or less and 240 VA or

15、less. As such, the internal and external circuitry is considered safety extra low voltage, SELV.1.3 The fuel cell power units covered by these requirements are for use in unclassified (ordinary)locations in ambient temperatures that do not exceed 50C (121F).1.4 Federal regulatory requirements pertai

16、ning to the shipment of fuel cartridges is outside the scope ofthis Outline of Investigation.2 Units of Measurement2.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory orapproximate information.3 References3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard ap

17、pearing in the requirements of this Outline ofInvestigation shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard.4 Glossary4.1 For the purpose of these requirements, the following definitions apply.4.2 ALKALI METAL HYDROXIDE Hydroxides of sodium, potassium and lithium use

18、d in class 8(corrosive) liquid fuels.4.3 ANODE The negative electrode that gives up electrons to the external circuit.4.4 DIRECT BOROHYDRIDE FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEM A fuel cell system in which a liquidformulation of borohydride compounds chemically reacts on the anode of the fuel cell system toproduc

19、e electricity.4.5 ELECTRIC SHOCK Electric shock is due to current passing through the human body. Theresulting physiological effects depend on the value and duration of the current and the path it takesthrough the body. The value of the current depends on the applied voltage, the impedance of thesou

20、rce and the impedance of the body. The body impedance depends in turn on the area of contact,moisture in the area of contact and the applied voltage and frequency. Currents of approximately half amilliampere can cause a reaction in persons in good health and may cause injury indirectly due toinvolun

21、tary reaction. Higher currents can have more direct effects, such as burn, muscle tetanization orventricular fibrillation. For the purposes of this Outline of Investigation, the limits on voltage for electricshock are values above 60 Vdc.AUGUST 2, 2006 SUBJECT 2265C 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTH

22、ORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL4.6 ELECTROLYTE Potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or other alkaline liquid solution or an ionconducting membrane, which provides the medium for transfer of charge.4.7 FIRE ENCLOSURE The outer enclosure of the fuel cell powe

23、r unit that is intended to minimizethe spread of fire or flames from within.4.8 FUEL Any solution of sodium or other borohydride compounds with or without water and/or otherspecified additives, that is used to produce electricity in a fuel cell unit.4.9 FUEL COMPONENTS Various separate materials tha

24、t the fuel is comprised of including theborohydride compounds, water and additives.4.10 FUNCTIONAL INSULATION Insulation that is necessary only for the correct functioning of theequipment. Functional insulation is located between SELV circuits and between SELV circuits andconductive parts.Note: Func

25、tional insulation does not protect against electric shock but it may reduce the likelihood ofignition and fire.4.11 IMPERMISSIBLE LIMITS:IMPERMISSIBLE EMISSIONS An unintended release of hydrogen that results in one or acombination of the following:a) A hydrogen in air mixture in excess of 25% of the

26、 lower flammability limit (LFL) ofhydrogen.b) A leakage rate of hydrogen greater than 3 standard cubic centimeters/minute (scc/min) from any single source.IMPERMISSIBLE LEAKAGE OF FUEL A release of fuel, fuel components, fuel by-productsfrom the fuel cell system or cartridge that is visible and acce

27、ssible.4.12 SELV CIRCUIT (SAFETY EXTRA LOW VOLTAGE) A secondary circuit which is so designedand protected that, under normal and single fault conditions, its voltages do not exceed a value of 60Vdc.4.13 SINGLE USE Applies to fuel cell systems and/or fuel cartridges that are used once anddisposed of

28、after use.4.14 TOOL A screwdriver, coin, key, or any other object that is usable to operate a screw, latch, orsimilar fastening means.4.15 VALVE Component of a fuel, and fuel components system that controls the external release offuel.AUGUST 2, 2006SUBJECT 2265C6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZE

29、D FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULCONSTRUCTION5 General5.1 Features of the product intended to limit the exposure of fuel and fuel components to users or inhibitthe amount of fuel, or fuel components that can be leaked under normal and abnormal conditions shall beju

30、dged based on the design and corroborating evidence in the form of valid calculations, technicalreferences and internal test data when determining the products compliance to this Outline ofInvestigation.6 Corrosive, Toxic and Flammable Material Containing Parts6.1 Corrosive, toxic and flammable mate

31、rials shall be kept within a closed containment system such aswithin fuel piping, in a reservoir, a cartridge, or similar enclosure.6.2 Parts in contact with the fuel and fuel components shall be resistant to deterioration from thosematerials as determined by the applicable tests of Section 12 (non-

32、metallic), 15.2 (metallic) or 17.2(metallic) as applicable.6.3 Toxic, corrosive and flammable materials and liquid containing parts and their connections shall haveadequate strength to withstand pressures that they are exposed to. Compliance is determined by thepressure tests of 15 and 17, as applic

33、able6.4 Connections within the piping and fuel handling parts of the system and cartridges shall be sufficientlyleak tight as determined by the applicable tests of 14 17.6.5 Valves shall have a means to prevent a significant flow thereby creating leaks resulting inimpermissible limits as defined in

34、4.11.6.6 Valves shall not inadvertently actuate during user handling that would result in fuel leakage.Compliance shall be determined in accordance with the Standard for Protection of Persons andEquipment by Enclosures Probes for Verification, IEC 61032, and a force of 9.8 N, using test probe 11.6.7

35、 The maximum quantity of liquid fuel stored in the fuel cell power system shall not exceed 1 L.6.8 Internal wiring and insulation, in general, shall not be exposed to fuel, or fuel components, unless theinsulation has been evaluated for contact with these substances.6.9 A filled cartridge/single use

36、 fuel cell system shall include provisions for any necessary expansion offuel due to ambient temperature or pressure variations. Compliance is determined by the tests of Section17.6.10 There shall be no fuel and fuel components leakage during connection and disconnection or duringactivation of the f

37、uel cartridge. Non-integral cartridges shall be designed to prevent misalignment thatwould result in leakage of impermissible limits as defined in 4.11 during installation and removal of the fuelcartridge.AUGUST 2, 2006 SUBJECT 2265C 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION O

38、RDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL6.11 The fuel cartridge shall be installed without the use of tools. The design shall include features toprevent the inadvertent disconnection of the fuel cartridge during use.6.12 The fuel cartridge shall be protected or otherwise designed to reduce the risk

39、of impermissibleleakage of fuel during normal storage, handling and when installed in the fuel cell power unit.6.13 The fuel cartridge design shall reasonably prevent the entry of debris that may be present during thestorage and usage of the fuel cartridge.7 Enclosures7.1 General7.1.1 Equipment encl

40、osures shall comply with the mechanical strength tests (drop, vibration, steady forceand stress relief) of Sections 14 or 16, as applicable. Compressive Loading Test, and Stress Relied Test,Sections 14.4, and 14.5 or 16.4 and 16.5, are not required for handles, levers, knobs, transparent ortransluce

41、nt covers of indicating or measuring devices, internal barriers, screens or similar parts if theenclosure provides mechanical protection.7.1.2 The outer case of the fuel cell power unit shall be designed so that it is not able to be openedwithout the use of a tool.7.1.3 An edge projection or corner

42、of a fuel cell power unit and of a fuel cartridge shall not be sufficientlysharp to result in a risk of injury to persons during intended use, or user maintenance. The Standard forTests for Sharpness of Edges on Equipment, IEC 1439, may be used to determine compliance with thisrequirement.7.2 Fire e

43、nclosures7.2.1 A fire enclosure is required when the temperature of parts under fault conditions is sufficient forignition as described in Table 7.1.Table 7.1Summary of Material Flammability RequirementsParts Requiring a Fire Enclosure Parts Not Requiring a Fire EnclosureComponents in limited power

44、circuits not mounted on ClassV-1 minimum rated materialsMotors (complying with Section 8.2) and otherelectromechanical components (complying with Section 8.3)Non-limited power circuits Wires, Cables insulated with PVC, TFE, PTFE, FEP, neopreneor polyamideAreas that contain or process a flammable flu

45、id Components in limited power circuits mounted on Class V-1minimum materialsComponents with unenclosed arcing parts such as a relaycontacts, commutators and open switchesConnectors in limited power circuitsInsulated wiring (not employing PVC, etc. insulation) Plugs and connectors forming part of an

46、 interconnecting cable7.2.2 Fire enclosure requirements are shown in Table 7.2.AUGUST 2, 2006SUBJECT 2265C8UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULTable 7.2Summary of Material Flammability RequirementsPart RequirementsFire EnclosureEnc

47、losure V-1 (IEC 60695-11-10)1,or Test A2 of UL 60950-12,or Hot Wire Test of IEC 60695-2-203(if 3 mm, or HB75 (IEC 60695-11-10) forthicknesses 1 % volume H2concentration in air(25% LFL) 3 standard cc/min H2* The emission rate limit is based upon a total ambient airflow past the system of 10 m3/h. Thi

48、s is the net airflow expectedthrough the reference volume (1 m3) times the air changes (10) per hour (ACH) volume assumed. This covers the reasonableforeseeable environments where these alkaline fuel cell systems will be used. The interior space in a small car and theminimum volume per person on a c

49、ommercial aircraft is 1 m3. The minimum ACH used on passenger aircraft is 10 and thelowest ventilation setting in cars is 10 ACH. Homes and offices may have ACH levels as low as 0.5 but the per person volumeis over 20 m3, so a product of 10 m3per hour is conservative.10.3.2 Prior to testing, the sample shall be cleaned to remove any moisture and/or dirt in order to assistwith the visual inspection to determine compliance.10.3.3 Perform the prescribed test. Then perform a visual ins