1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULMay 28, 20081SUBJECT 2557OUTLINE OF INVESTIGATIONFORMEMBRANE SWITCHESIssue Number: 1May 28, 2008Summary of TopicsThis first issue of the Outline of Investigation for Membrane Switches, Su2557 cov
2、ers membrane switches actuated by human activity, via amembrane or sensing substrate, to operate or control appliances andelectrical equipment. The membrane switch electrical rating is not toexceed 30 Vrms and power not greater than 100 VA.The UL Foreword is no longer located within the UL Outline o
3、f Investigation. Forinformation concerning the use and application of the requirements contained inthis Outline of Investigation, the current version of the UL Foreword is located onULStandardsInfoNet at: http:/ 2008 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER RE
4、PRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULMAY 28, 2008SUBJECT 25572No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULCONTENTSINTRODUCTION1 Scope .62 Components 63 Units of Measurement .74 References .74.1 Undated re
5、ferences .74.2 Normative references .75 Glossary .9CLASSIFICATIONS6 Classification of Switches .206.1 According to the switch design 206.2 According to the basic actuation construction of the switch .206.3 According to the nature of supply 206.4 According to the type of load to be controlled by each
6、 circuit of the switch .206.5 According to the number of operating cycles 216.6 According to the operating surface temperature of mounting 216.7 According to the ambient temperature of the environment 216.8 According to the flammability classification .216.9 According to degree of protection provide
7、d by the switch against the environment 226.10 According to the basic circuit layer construction of the switch 236.11 According to type of disconnection .236.12 According to the end product application of switch tail flexibility 23CONSTRUCTION7 General .238 Graphic, Adhesive, Ink, and Embossing 259
8、Spacer and Adhesive .2710 Dome, Cavity, and Venting .2711 Circuit Crossover Material .2712 Cover Materials (Dielectric Film or Coating) 2813 Tail Connector 2814 Tail Stiffener .2815 Rear Adhesive .2916 Other Construction Features .2917 Provision for Earthing .2918 Terminals and Terminations 3019 Cur
9、rent Carrying Parts 3020 Clearance and Creepage Distances Spacings 3021 Resistance to Heat and Fire .3022 Flammability Classification .3123 Endurance Classification .3124 Circuit Base Materials (Dielectric Layers) 3125 Circuit Conductors 3325.1 General .3325.2 Conductive coating .3325.3 Silver .33MA
10、Y 28, 2008 SUBJECT 2557 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL25.4 External copper foil or metal cladding .3425.5 Conductor width 3425.6 Midboard conductor 3425.7 Edge conductor 3525.8 Maximum area diameter conductor .3525.9 Adhesiv
11、es for conductor bonding .3525.10 Contact surface plating 3625.11 Through holes 3625.12 Additional conductive plating .3626 Assembly Process Solder Limits 3727 Manufacturing Processes 3727.1 General .3728 Sample Circuit Conductor Pattern .39PERFORMANCE29 General 4230 Marking Rub Durability Test 4831
12、 Earthing Test .4832 Visual Inspection Characterization Test 4833 Circuit Resistance Characterization Test .4934 Capacitance Characterization Test 4935 Force Displacement Test 4936 Contact Bounce Time Test (optional) 4937 Sensitivity / Teasing Test (optional) .4938 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Shie
13、lding Test (optional) 5039 Insulation Resistance Test .5040 Dielectric Strength Test (Working Voltages Less Than and Equal to 30 Vrms) .5041 Dielectric Strength Test (Working Voltages Greater Than 30 Vrms) .5142 Heating Test .5143 Endurance Contact Closure Cycling Test 5243.1 General 5243.2 Electric
14、al conditions 5243.3 Temperature / environmental conditions .5243.4 Actuation Test .5343.5 Effects of endurance cycling .5344 Protection Against Environmental and Abuse .5544.1 Protection against solid foreign objects 5544.2 Protection against ingress of dust 5644.3 Protection against ingress of wat
15、er .5644.4 Submersion test (optional) .5744.5 Chemical/solvent exposure test (optional) .5744.6 Hosedown test (optional) 5744.7 Protection against humid conditions 5745 Circuit Test Methods 5845.1 General .5845.2 Solder thermal shock test .5845.3 Conductive paste adhesion test 5945.4 Plating adhesio
16、n test (for flex tail leads that are electro plated) 6145.5 Bond strength test .6245.6 Delamination layer to layer resistance test .6645.7 Delamination and blistering test (layer to layer) 6645.8 Silver migration test (IPC) .67MAY 28, 2008SUBJECT 25574UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTH
17、ER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL45.9 Silver migration test (ASTM F 1996) (alternate to IPC silver migration test method) . .7045.10 Flex tail assembly creasing and bending test .7045.11 Flex tail pull test 7145.12 Cover material adhesion test .7245.13 Ambient bend test .7445
18、14 Cold-bend test 7645.15 Repeated flexing test 7845.16 Stiffener bond strength test .8145.17 Connector pull test (optional) .8545.18 Dissimilar dielectric materials thermal cycling test .8645.19 Rear adhesion to mounting surface test (optional) 8646 Surface Mount Device Test 8747 Marking and Docum
19、entation .8747.1 General .8747.2 By marking (Ma) .8847.3 By documentation (Do) 88MAY 28, 2008 SUBJECT 2557 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULINTRODUCTION1 Scope1.1 These requirements apply to membrane switches actuated by human
20、activity, via a membrane orsensing substrate, to operate or control appliances and electrical equipment. The membrane switchelectrical rating not to exceed 30 Vrms and power not greater than 100 VA.1.2 When this outline references switches it shall mean membrane switches unless specificallyindicated
21、1.3 Membrane switches which incorporate additional control functions governed by the switch functionare within the scope of these requirements. Additional control functions shall be evaluated for theirsuitability using the applicable standards for the application.1.4 These membrane switches are int
22、ended to be operated by a person, via a membrane or by actuatinga sensing substrate.1.5 These requirements cover the indirect actuation of the switch when the operation of the actuatingmember or sensing unit is provided by a remote control or a part of an appliance or equipment such asa door.1.6 Emb
23、edded components are evaluated with regards to their safety and application to the membraneswitch construction. The acceptability of an embedded component in the membrane switch shall beconsidered with regards to construction and performance requirements in the end product finalapplication.2 Compone
24、nts2.1 Except as indicated in this section, a component of a product covered by this Outline of Investigationshall comply with the requirements for that component.2.2 A component is not required to comply with a specific requirement that:a) Involves a feature or characteristic not required in the ap
25、plication of the component in theproduct covered by this Outline of Investigation, orb) Is superseded by a requirement in this Outline of Investigation.2.3 A component shall be used in accordance with its rating established for the intended conditions ofuse.2.4 Specific components are incomplete in
26、construction features or restricted in performance capabilities.Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, such as certain temperatures notexceeding specified limits, and shall be used only under those specific conditions.MAY 28, 2008SUBJECT 25576UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT
27、AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL3 Units of Measurement3.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory orapproximate information.4 References4.1 Undated references4.1.1 Any undated reference to a code or sta
28、ndard appearing in the requirements of the Outline ofInvestigation shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard.4.2 Normative references4.2.1 The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,constitute provisions of this p
29、art of the Outline of Investigation.4.2.2 The following are ASTM test procedures referenced:a) Standard Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials, ASTM D257b) Standard Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation, ASTM D 374c) Standard Test Method for Pressur
30、e-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electricaland Electronic Applications, ASTM D 1000d) Standard Practice for Contact Closure Cycling of a Membrane Switch, ASTM F 1578e) Standard Practice for Viewing Conditions for Visual Inspection of Membrane Switches,ASTM F 1595f) Standard Practice for Ex
31、posure of Membrane Switches to Temperature and RelativeHumidity, ASTM F 1596g) Standard Test Method for Determining the Effects of Chemical/Solvent Exposure to aMembrane Switch/Graphic Overlay (Spot Test Method), ASTM F 1598h) Standard Test Method for Determining the Contact Bounce Time of a Membran
32、e Switch,ASTM F 1661i) Standard Test Method for Verifying the Specified Dielectric Withstand Voltage andDetermining the Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of a Membrane Switch, ASTM F 1662j) Standard Test Method for Determining the Capacitance of a Membrane Switch, ASTM F1663k) Standard Test Method for De
33、termining Circuit Resistance of a Membrane Switch, ASTM F1680l) Standard Practice for Creasing or Bending a Membrane Switch, Membrane Switch Flex TailAssembly or Membrane Switch Component, ASTM F 1683MAY 28, 2008 SUBJECT 2557 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIB
34、UTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULm) Standard Test Method for Determining the Insulation Resistance of a Membrane Switch,ASTM F 1689n) Standard Practice for Exposing a Membrane Switch to Variation in Atmospheric Pressure,ASTM F 1762o) Standard Test Method for Determining the Effectiveness of Membrane
35、Switch ESDShielding, ASTM F 1812p) Practice for Submersion of a Membrane Switch, ASTM F 1895q) Standard Test Method for Determining the Bond Strength for a Surface Mount Device (SMD)by Applying Shear Force on a Membrane Switch, ASTM F 1995r) Standard Test Method for Silver Migration for Membrane Swi
36、tch Circuitry, ASTM F 1996s) Standard Practice for Hosedown of a Membrane Switch, ASTM F 2072t) Standard Test Method for Measuring the Force-Displacement of a Membrane Switch, ASTMF 25924.2.3 These requirements are intended to be used in conjunction with the following requirements orstandards.a) Pol
37、ymeric Materials Short Term Property Evaluations, UL 746Ab) Polymeric Materials Long Term Property Evaluations, UL 746Bc) Polymeric Materials Use in Electrical Equipment Evaluations, UL 746Cd) Polymeric Materials Industrial Laminates, Filament Wound Tubing, Vulcanized Fibre, andMaterials Used in Pri
38、nted Wiring Boards, UL 746Ee) Polymeric Materials Flexible Dielectric Film Materials For Use In Printed-Wiring Boardsand Flexible Materials Interconnect Constructions, UL 746Ff) Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances, UL 94MAY 28, 2008SUBJECT 25578UL COPYRIGH
39、TED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL5 Glossary5.1 For the purpose of this Outline of Investigation, the following definitions apply.5.2 ABNORMAL CONDITIONS Conditions which may occur in the appliance or in the switch duringnormal operation.5.
40、3 ACCESS HOLE Holes (such as through hole or via) on the same axis through successive layersof materials intended to provide access to the surface of the land on an inner conductor layer of a multi-layer category construction.5.4 ACTUATING MEMBER Part which is pulled, pushed, or otherwise moved to c
41、ause an operation.5.5 ACTUATION Movement of the actuating member of the switch by hand, by foot, or by any otherhuman activity to provide electrical closure of the momentary switch.5.6 ACTUATION FORCE The maximum force measured prior to or including point at which contactclosure is achieved on a mem
42、brane switch.5.7 ADDITIVE PROCESS A selective or non-selective process used to deposit a pattern ofconductor material(s) on clad or unclad base material.5.8 ADD-ON COMPONENT Discrete, integrated, packaged, or chip components that are attached toa membrane switch to function as part of a complete cir
43、cuit or assembly.5.9 ADHESIVE A gelatinous substance such as glue used to join, bond, or fasten materials orobjects together.5.10 AS-RECEIVED Specimens or samples in an unconditioned state, prior to being subject toconditioning, or without a history of conditioning.5.11 ASSEMBLY Various parts, subas
44、semblies, and combinations thereof, joined together.5.12 BASIC INSULATION Insulation applied to live parts to provide basic protection against electricshock.5.13 BEND To force from a straight form into different and especially a curved one.5.14 BEND CYCLE A fold of a specimen around a specified mand
45、rel which is rolled in onedirection, followed by rolling in the opposite direction, returning the specimen to its original position.5.15 BLIND VIA A via extending to only one surface of the membrane switch construction.5.16 BONDING FILM The layer of insulation used to bond discrete layers during lam
46、ination ofmembrane switch constructions. See spacer layer.5.17 BONDING LAYER An adhesive layer used to bond discrete layers of multilayer membraneswitch constructions. See spacer layer.5.18 BUILD-UP THICKNESS Overall thickness of a combination of materials. Unless otherwiseindicated, the build-up th
47、ickness will refer to the overall thickness in the area of a membrane switchconstruction where no internal or external conductor material resides.MAY 28, 2008 SUBJECT 2557 9UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL5.19 BURIED VIA A via
48、that does not extend to the surface of a membrane switch construction.5.20 CALCULATED THICKNESS The calculated thickness is a thickness value determined byadding suggested material component thicknesses, or a thickness value determined by adding orsubtracting one measured value to or from another me
49、asured value.5.21 CIRCUIT Electrical devices and elements interconnected to perform a desired electricalfunction.5.22 CIRCUIT LAYER Conductor layer or plane in or on a membrane switch construction.5.23 CIRCUIT LAYER BASE MATERIAL An organic or inorganic dielectric barrier material, used tosupport conductor material, with or without adhesive material.5.24 CIRCUIT LAYER BASE MATERIAL THICKNESS The thickness of the base dielectric material.If an adhesive is used for
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