1、 VDA Recommendation February 2007 Geometrical Product Specifications Engineering Drawings Specification of Surface Texture VDA 2005 Descriptors: surface texture, surface roughness, roughness, engineering drawing drawing specification, drawing note Page 1 of 32 VERBAND DER AUTOMOBILINDUSTRIE E.V. (VD
2、A) Westendstrae 61, 60325 Frankfurt Distribution: DOKUMENTATION KRAFTFAHRWESEN E.V. (DKF) Ulrichstrae 14, D-74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen Contents Page 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references4 3 Terms 5 3.1 Basic symbol .5 3.2 Expanded symbol5 3.3 Complete symbol.5 3.4 Surface (texture) parameter5 3.5 (Surfac
3、e) parameter symbol5 4 Specification of surface texture.6 4.1 Profile parameters.6 4.1.1 Parameters based on the material ratio curve (DIN EN ISO 13565-2).6 4.2 Evaluation length ln.7 4.3 Tolerance limits for numerical values of surface parameters .7 5 Graphical symbols for the indication of surface
4、 texture 7 5.1 Basic symbol for the indication of surface finish .7 5.2 Symbol for material removal .8 5.3 Symbol, if material removal is prohibited 8 5.4 Complete symbol.8 6 Specification of requirements9 6.1 Position of the surface texture specifications on the complete symbol.9 6.1.1 Surface text
5、ure symbols (surface parameters, positions a and b)10 6.1.2 Number of sampling lengths .10 7 Illustration11 7.1 Design and size of symbols 11 7.2 Arrangement of symbols on surfaces .12 7.3 Collective specifications in the field provided in the drawing frame13 7.4 Requirements on depth of waviness Wt
6、 .14 7.5 Surface requirements on dominant waviness.15 8 Preferred values15 The English translation is believed to be accurate.In case of discrepancies the German version shall govern. Numerical notation according to ISO practice (seeVW 01000). Page 2 VDA 2005: 2007-02 9 Examples of entry . 16 9.1 To
7、oth flanks 16 9.2 Repeated form elements 16 9.3 Symmetrical parts . 17 9.4 Different requirements on one surface . 17 9.5 Contact surfaces. 17 9.6 Radii, chamfers. 18 9.7 Radii and chamfers without specific surface requirements 19 9.8 Multiple requirements . 19 9.9 Production process, surface charac
8、ter . 20 9.10 Evaluation length 20 9.10.1 Length of the evaluation length in the event of dominant waviness. 21 9.11 Specification of the surface grooves. 21 9.12 Specification of the machining allowance. 23 9.13 Simplified specification . 23 9.14 Examples of entries for porous and plateau-like heav
9、y-duty contact surfaces 24 10 Surface parameter for special functions . 24 10.1 Specification of transmission characteristic 24 10.2 Meaning and specification of the evaluation length and the sampling length for special cases 24 Appendix Appendix A Summary tables (informative) 27 Appendix B Examples
10、 (informative) 29 Referenced standards 32 Page 3 VDA 2005: 2007-02 Preface Essential points relating to the indication of surface texture were changed in the standard DIN EN ISO 1302:2002 with respect to the preceding issue DIN ISO 1302:1993. The new issue contains surface parameters, some of which
11、are not common in the automotive industry, while other, previously common parameters are no longer standardized. In addition, new rules, which were previously not the norm, were introduced to describe exactly the nature of the surface along with new filters. This Recommendation was developed in orde
12、r to maintain the continuity of the previous specifications and to keep the possible number of specifications for the general case under control. The following metrological basis applies: The standardized filter is the Gaussian filter according to DIN EN ISO 11562. The standard evaluation length for
13、 the R profile comprises 5 sampling lengths. The original meaning for the maximum roughness depth, Rmax, and the designation are retained and defined in VDA 2006. The use of the short wave filter s is not permitted unless specifically requested in the technical product documentation. The long wave f
14、ilter c is used. The 16% rule is not applied. The actual values must not exceed or fall below the specified roughness values, as appropriate. The motif parameters according to DIN EN ISO 12085 and the description of the height of surfaces from two vertical random components using the material probab
15、ility curve according to DIN EN ISO 13565-3 are not used because there is no experience with them. Comparison of DIN EN ISO 1302/VDA 2005 DIN EN ISO 1302 VDA 2005 Motif parameters Not permissible Rzmax 2,5 Rz 2,5 No longer standardized Rmax Rz1max 2,5 Not permissible Rz3max 2,5 0,8x3 / Rz 2,5 Rtmax
16、2,5 Not permissible 16% rule Not permissible 0,08-2,5 / Rz 6,3 Not permissible Changes The following changes have been made as compared to the 2002-07 issue: The robust Gaussian regression filter according to VDA 2008 has been integrated into this standard, the Sections 2, 4.1.1, 4.2, 10.2 as well a
17、s the examples B.9, B.10 and B.11 have been adapted accordingly. In VDA 2007 only one dominant form of waviness is defined, the Sections 7.5, 9.10.1 and the examples B.11 and B.12 have been adapted accordingly. The Figures B.13 and B.14 have been added. Section 7.3: In the Figures 15 and 16, the let
18、ter “f“ has been replaced by an “a“. Page 4 VDA 2005: 2007-02 1 Scope This Recommendation describes the rules applicable for specifying surface texture in technical product documentation (e.g. drawings, specifications, contracts, reports) within the automotive industry by means of graphical symbols
19、and textual indications. Its aim is to simplify the use of the new edition of DIN EN ISO 1302 and it describes the normal case. The surface specifications listed are recommendations. Particular requirements may necessitate the use of other surface specifications. The Figures given in this standard a
20、re examples to illustrate the relevant rule. They are complete only insofar as they represent the described situation. This Recommendation does not describe the specification of requirements for surface imperfections, such as pores and scratches. The rules and procedures for assessing surface textur
21、e are defined in VDA 2006. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain specifications that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this VDA Recommendation. For dated references, subsequent amendments or revisions to this publication do not apply. Users of this
22、VDA Recommendation are nevertheless requested to check whether it is possible to use the latest versions of the following normative documents. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain directories of the valid internatio
23、nal standards. DIN 6790-1:1980, Specification by Terms in Technical Drawings; Terms DIN EN ISO 1302:2002, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Indication of Surface Texture in Technical Product Documentation DIN EN ISO 3098-2:2000, Technical Product Documentation - Lettering - Part 2: Latin Al
24、phabet, Numerals and Marks DIN EN ISO 4287:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Profile Method Terms, Definitions and Surface Texture Parameters DIN EN ISO 4288:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Profile Method Rules and Procedures for the As
25、sessment of Surface Texture DIN EN ISO 11562:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Profile Method Metrological Characteristics of Phase Correct Filters DIN EN ISO 12085:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Profile Method Motif Parameters DIN EN
26、ISO 13565-1:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Profile Method Surfaces having Stratified Functional Properties Part 1: Filtering and General Measurement Conditions DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Profile Method Surface
27、s having Stratified Functional Properties Part 2: Height Characterization Using the Linear Material Ratio Curve Page 5 VDA 2005: 2007-02 DIN EN ISO 13565-3:2000, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Profile Method Surfaces having Stratified Functional Properties Part 3: Height
28、Characterization Using the Material Probability Curve VDA 2006: 2003, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Rules and Procedures for the Assessment of Surface Texture VDA 2007: 2006, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Definitions and Parameters of the Dom
29、inant Waviness VDA 2008: 2006, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: “Robust Gaussian Regression Filter“ Definition and Application 3 Terms 3.1 Basic symbol Graphical symbol indicating that surface texture requirements exist, Figure 1. 3.2 Expanded symbol Expanded basic symbol i
30、ndicating that material is to be either removed or not removed in order to obtain a required surface texture, Figures 2 and 3. 3.3 Complete symbol Basic or expanded symbol to facilitate the indication of additional surface texture requirements, Figure 4. 3.4 Surface (texture) parameter Parameter exp
31、ressing micro-geometrical properties of a surface. 3.5 (Surface) parameter symbol Symbol indicating the type of surface texture parameter. NOTE: Parameter symbols comprise letters and numerical values, e.g.: Ra 4, Rz 16, Rmax 25, Rpk 0,6, etc. Page 6 VDA 2005: 2007-02 4 Specification of surface text
32、ure Surface specifications should only be made if they are required for the function of the surface. In general, the following shall apply: as coarse as possible and no finer than necessary for the drawing note, as fine as necessary for production (even more so if this does not cause additional expe
33、nditure) Surface specifications can be omitted if the normal production processes ensure that the end condition of the surface is appropriate. The parameter designation and the associated numerical values contain five pieces of information that are essential for the interpretation of the requirement
34、: which of the three surface profiles (R, W or P) is indicated (see Section 4.1); which characteristic of the profile is indicated; how many sampling lengths make up the evaluation length (if this is significant, see Sections 4.2, 6.1.2, 9.10, 9.10.1 and 10.2); how the indicated specification limits
35、 must be interpreted (see Section 4.3); what cut off is used for measurement (see DIN EN ISO 4288). The indication of a surface texture requirement must therefore contain both the designation of the parameters and the numerical value of the specified limit. 4.1 Profile parameters Profile parameters
36、are standardized for the three surface profiles (R, W and P profiles). Profile parameters are defined using the Gaussian filter according to DIN EN ISO 11562. 4.1.1 Parameters based on the material ratio curve (DIN EN ISO 13565-2) Table 1 lists designations of parameters that relate to the linear ma
37、terial ratio curve. The parameters are only defined for the R profile. Unless otherwise specified, the definition of parameters is based on a filter process according to DIN EN ISO 13565-1. The indication of the filter type according to VDA 2008 takes precedence and overrules the compulsory combinat
38、ion of special filter procedures and Rk parameter calculation. Table 1 Designation of parameters based on the material ratio curve according to (DIN EN ISO 13565-2) Parameter Roughness profile parameters acc. to DIN EN ISO 13565-2 Filtering acc. to DIN EN ISO 13565-1 or VDA 2008 Rk Rpk Rvk Mr1 Mr2 P
39、age 7 VDA 2005: 2007-02 4.2 Evaluation length ln The surface texture requirements apply to the evaluation length. If no indications are given for the evaluation length in the technical product documentation, e.g. in the drawing, then the standard evaluation length applies to the R profile. This is m
40、ade up of 5 sampling lengths. The length of a sampling length corresponds to the wave length limit c. For small surfaces, it must be noted that the scanned length comprises the standard evaluation length, the running-in length and the running-out length. As the running-in length and running-out leng
41、th correspond to c/2 or c (depending on the measuring device and on the implementation of the filter), the scanned surface must be longer by c or 2c than the length to be evaluated (in general 6 x c or 7 x c). However, the robust Gaussian regression filter according to VDA 2008 does not involve filt
42、er running-in and running-out lengths. Hence, the complete scanned length can be used for evaluation when evaluating measurement data of a plateau-like surface using the robust Gaussian regression filter. If the surface to be measured is smaller than this, the number of evaluation lengths must be in
43、dicated (see also Sections 6.1.2 und 9.10). The length of the sampling length is stipulated in DIN EN ISO 4288:1998 in Tables 1 to 3. For the P profile, the standard evaluation length according to DIN EN ISO 4288 has the same length as the geometrical element to be measured. In the event that this c
44、annot be realized e.g. due to equipment-related reasons, the evaluation length must be indicated appropriately. 4.3 Tolerance limits for numerical values of surface parameters In the automotive industry, the following applies: If a value is specified for surface roughness, it represents the highest
45、permissible value for the parameter (see also VDA 2006). If a lower limit is specified, then this must be achieved. NOTE: The 16% rule is not applied. 5 Graphical symbols for the indication of surface texture All the symbols indicated in DIN EN ISO 1302 are permitted. The symbol “for all surfaces ar
46、ound a workpiece outline” shall be avoided. 5.1 Basic symbol for the indication of surface finish The basic symbol shall consist of two straight lines of unequal lengths inclined at approximately 60 to the line representing the surface in question, as shown in Figure 1. If the basic symbol according
47、 to Figure 1 is used alone (without additional information), this is not deemed to be a requirement. Figure 1 Basic symbol for indication of surface texture If the basic symbol is used with additional information (see Section 6), then no decision has yet been made as to whether removal of material i
48、s necessary in obtaining the specified surface (see Section 5.2) or whether removal of material is prohibited (see Section 5.3). Page 8 VDA 2005: 2007-02 5.2 Symbol for material removal If removal of material, e.g. by machining, is required to obtain the prescribed surface, a cross bar, as shown in
49、Figure 2, shall be added to the basic symbol. The expanded basic symbol according to Figure 2 alone (without additional information) is still not a requirement. Figure 2 Expanded symbol for material removal 5.3 Symbol, if material removal is prohibited If removal of material is not permitted to obtain the specified surface, a circle shall be added to the basic symbol, as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 Expanded symbol, if removal of material is prohibited 5.4 Complete symbol When additional requirements for surface texture characteristics
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