2018_2019学年高中英语Unit24SocietySectionⅣ课时语法精讲北师大版选修8.doc

1、1Unit 24 Society Section 课时语法精讲 KESHIYUFAJINGJIANG语法预备役用所给动词的适当形式填空，并指明是何种特殊情况的虚拟语气1It was ordered that the work _ (finish) on time.( )答案：(should) be finished；主语从句中的虚拟语气2I wish you _ (stay) a little longer.( )答案：would stay；宾语从句中的虚拟语气3The order is that the troops _ (march) to the front at once.( )答案：

2、(should) march；表语从句中的虚拟语气4We all agreed to his suggestion that we _ (go) Beijing for sightseeing.( )答案：(should) go to；同位语从句中的虚拟语气语法讲座虚拟语气的特殊用法1含蓄条件句(1)有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, if only 等。Without your help (If we had not had your help),

3、 we could not have succeeded.要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。(2)在某些暗含虚拟条件的简单句中，虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来。谓语动词用should/would do 形式或 should/would have done 虚拟形式。Any man in his position would have done like that.任何人处在他的位置都会那么做的。You should (ought to) have come earlier.你本应来得早点。2错综时间条件句所谓错综时间条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句指的是现在或将来，此

4、时应根据具体的语境对时态作相应的调整。If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假如你(当时)采纳我的建议，你现在就会好多了。2强化印证 1单句语法填空(不多于 3 个单词)1Alaska was sold to the United States; otherwise Russian _ (speak) there now.答案：would be spoken 考查虚拟语

5、气。句意：阿拉斯加卖给了美国，否则现在那里就说俄语了。otherwise 用于虚拟，指与现在事实相反的假设。2If I _ (listen) to your advice yesterday, I _ (not be) in trouble now.答案：had listened；wouldnt be 考查错综时间条件句。条件句与过去事实相反；主句与现在事实相反。3其他从句的虚拟语气在表示“建议、命令、要求”以及“重要性”和“紧迫性”等含义的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，由“动词原形”或“should动词原形”构成。现分述如下：(1)主语从句It be形容词

6、that.(should)用于该句型的形容词是：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising 等。一些名词也可以用于该结构中，如 a pity, no wonder 等。Its necessary that we (should) have a walk now.我们有必要现在出去散散步。Its natural that she (should) do so.她这样做是很自然的。Its important that we (should) take go

7、od care of the patients.我们要照顾好病人是重要的。It be过去分词that.(should)用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等动词的过去分词。如：desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed 等。It is required that he (should) come to the office as soon as possible.他被要求尽快来办公室。(2)宾语从句wish 后的宾语从句动词 wish 后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去

8、进行时；若表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完3成时或 would/couldhave过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would(could)动词原形。I wish I could be of some use.我希望我能起到一些作用。“坚持”后的宾语从句主要是指 insist 的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should动词原形”构成，其中 should通常可以省略。I insisted that he (should) stay.我坚持要他留下。He insisted that I (should) go with them.他坚持要我同他们一起去。“命令”后的宾语从句主

9、要是指 order, command 的宾语从句，从句谓语动词由“should动词原形”构成，其中 should 通常可以省略。He ordered that it (should) be sent back.他命令把它送回去。He commanded that we (should) attack at once.他命令我们立即进攻。They recommend that this tax (should) be abolished.他们建议取消这种税。“建议”后的宾语从句主要是指 advise, suggest, propose 等的宾语从句，从句谓语动词由“should动词原形”构成，其

10、中的 should 通常可以省略。He suggested that we (should) leave early.他建议我们早点动身。The doctor advised that he (should) change his job.医生劝他换工作。(3)同位语从句和表语从句在下列名词的同位语从句和表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气：suggestion(建议)，proposal(提议)，order(命令)，instruction(指示、指令)，advice(劝告)，plan(计划)等。He gave the order that the results of the experiment

11、(should) be rechecked.他命令对那次实验的结果重新核对。My suggestion is that we (should) send a trade delegation to Malaysia.4我的建议是我们派一个贸易代表团去马来西亚。(4)as if，as though 引导的从句中的虚拟语气在 as if，as though 引导的状语从句或表语从句中可以使用虚拟语气。表示与现在情况相反，从句的谓语使用一般过去时。He often takes care of the old lady as though he were her own son.他经常像亲生儿子一样照

12、顾那个老太太。表示与过去情况相反，从句的谓语使用过去完成时。Tom talked about Beijing as though he had been there himself.汤姆谈起北京就仿佛他自己到过那里似的。表示将来的可能性不大，从句的谓语用“would/could/might动词原形” 。It looks as if it might rain.看上去好像要下雨。强化印证 2单句语法填空(不多于 3 个单词)1It is necessary that the problem _ (solve) at once.答案：(should) be solved It is 形容词that

13、 结构中，that 从句谓语动词用should do 形式，should 可以省略，the problem 与 solve 为被动关系，因此用 should be solved。2I wish that you _ (not, have) such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.答案：hadnt had wish 后面跟从句，宾语从句动作先于 wish 发生，表示与过去事实相反的假设用过去完成时。3The child talked to us as if he _ (be) a

14、grownup.答案：were 句意：那男孩跟我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。as if 引导的从句其后用虚拟，表示与主句谓语动词同时发生，这时从句用一般过去时，be 动词不论任何人称都用 were。考点研讨1 They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _ (come) to our help.答案研讨：would have come 考查虚拟语气。句意：在我们进行这项调查的这几个月里，他们在国外，要不然，他们就会来帮助我们了。这是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句。句中的or

15、相当于 if they had not gone abroad，因为前句中使用的是 were，说明这个虚拟语气是与过去事实相反，所以主句中使用“情态动词have done”形式。做含蓄条件句的题的关键是：要判断出含蓄词相当于主句还是从句，表示的时间是现在、过去还是将来。52. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _ (do)it?答案研讨：had done 考查虚拟语气。句意：打破玻璃的是 John，为什么你和我说话，好像是我打破了玻璃一样。as if “似乎，好像” 。其后面的从句有两种情况，

16、如果是真的事情，就使用陈述语气；如果表示的是假的事情，就使用虚拟语气，其中与过去相反，使用“过去完成时” ；与将来事实相反，使用过去将来时；与现在相反，使用一般过去时。根据前一句中的 was 说明打破玻璃是过去发生的事情，所以是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故使用过去完成时。3 _ (catch) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.答案研讨：Had he caught句意：要是他赶上了早晨的火车，那他就不会开会迟到了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意，此处是与过去事实相反的假设，条件状语从句应该用过去完成时。本题

17、为省略 if 的虚拟条件句，应把助动词 had 提到句首，变为倒装句式。达标演练.完成句子1I wish it _ spring in my hometown all the year round.(be)但愿我的家乡四季如春。答案：were2I wish it _ raining tomorrow.(stop)我希望明天雨能停。答案：would/could/might stop3I wish you _ earlier.(call)我希望你早点打电话就好了。答案：had called4We suggest that students _ two or three years in an En

18、glishspeaking country.(spend)我们建议学生应在说英语的国家待上两三年。答案：(should) spend5If I _ at this problem, I would do it in another way.(work)要是我来解这个难题，我会用另外一种方法。答案：should work/worked/were to work6If I were you, I _ to her birthday party.(go)如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日聚会了。答案：would/should/could/might have gone67But for your hel

19、p, we _ our goal. (not achieve)如果没有你的帮助，我们本不可能实现目标。答案：couldnt have achieved8It is essential that these application forms _ back as early as possible. (send)这些申请表应尽早寄回，这是极其重要的。答案：should be sent9It is (high) time that we _ home.(get)是我们该回家的时候了。答案：got10We are all for your proposal that the discussion _

20、 off.(put)我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。答案：(should) be put.单句语法填空(不多于 3 个单词)1 The order came that the medical supplies _ (send) to Shanghai for the H7N9 flu soon.答案：(should) be sent 考查虚拟语气。当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的名词(如 order, suggestion 等)后面接从句时，从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语用 shoulddo, should 可以省略。2Its hard to believe that Jack _ have

21、 fought with the policeman.Yes. If one _ ask for trouble, it cant be helped.答案：should；must 考查情态动词。句意：难以置信，杰克竟然与警察打了一架。是的。如果一个人非要找麻烦，实在没办法。句中 should 表示“竟然” ，must 表示“硬要，非要” 。3The conflicts between North and South Korea call for talks to solve the problem.Quite right. I would rather the UN _ (do) somet

22、hing immediately.答案：did 考查虚拟语气。句意：南北朝鲜的冲突需要对话来解决。是啊。我希望联合国尽快采取措施。would rather 后接从句时，从句的谓语动词采用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的事实假设；从句的谓语动词也可采用过去完成时表示对过去的事实假设。由句意可知，这是对现在或将来的虚拟，所以用一般过去时。4 We would rather our daughter _ (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.7答案：stayed句意：我们希望女儿待在

23、家里和我们在一起，但这是她的选择，她不再是个孩子了。考查虚拟语气。would rather.表示“宁愿，希望” ，其后的从句要用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设时，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句用过去完成时。如：Id rather I had not gone wrong yesterday.要是我昨天不出错就好了。5It is strange that he _ (say) so.答案：(should) say 考查虚拟语气。It is strange that 是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用“sb. should do”的形式，其中 should 可以省略。6I

24、do not have a job. I would find one but I _ (have) no time.答案：have 考查虚拟语气。本句中 but 连接的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。如果表示不真实情况，用虚拟语气。7I wish that you _ (not, have) such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.答案：hadnt had 考查虚拟语气。句意：我希望你那时没有头痛得厉害，因为我确定(你若不是头痛得厉害)你会享受音乐会的。根据句意可知，此处 wis

25、h 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。8It is important that I _ (speak) with Mr. Williams immediately.答案：(should) speak 考查虚拟语气。 “It is important that.”后的主语从句应用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词应用“should动词原形”的形式，其中 should 可省略。9 I should not have laughed if I _ (think) you were serious.答案：had thought 考查虚拟语气。句意：我本不该笑的，如果想到你是严肃的。由主句 should not have laughed 可以看出，与过去事实相反，所以 if 引起的条件状语从句用过去完成时。102013北京高考If we _ (book) a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.答案：had booked 本题考查虚拟语气，是错综时间虚拟条件句。句意：如果你早订张桌子的话，我们现在就不会站在这排队了。根据语境可知，此处是 if 引导的虚拟条件句，从句叙述与过去事实相反，因为“没有早订桌” ，谓语动词用 had done；而主句叙述与现在事实相反。