2019中考英语二轮复习完形填空讲解和精选.doc

1、1完形填空讲解和精选专题十七 完形填空No One Words But My Own 1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握完形填空的解题技巧，并能够指出本篇完形填空中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过完形填空高频词、长难句等语料的积累，及完形填空解题技巧的练习，灵活应对各种完形填空题。知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊” ，在英语学习的过程中，语料的积累至关重要。对于完形填空高频词和长难句的梳理，能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句，快来看看你掌握了吗？一、高频词【课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。具体使用

2、中可以删去词义词性部分，给小例句提示。并标记出学生的实际掌握情况（优良差） 】单词 词性及词义 示例 备注 掌握情况interview v./n. 1) 面试 2)采访a job interviewinterviewing my friends相关词：interviewer; interviewee等cover v. 1) 覆盖 2)设计3)报道Snow covered the ground.covering middle school eventsevent n.1)事件 2)比赛项目教 学目标名 师点拨2talent n. 天赋；天才a talented poet 相关词：talented

3、gift n. 1)礼物 2)天赋He had a gift for language.相关词：giftedrewrite v. 重写 前缀 re- 表示“再；又”e.g. rebuild; recycle; reconnect等piece n.1)一块;一首 2)(新闻的)文章a piece of musica piece about the Internetpaper n. 1)纸 2)报纸 3)试卷I read about it in the paper.the geography paperexpect v. 1)预料 2)期望I expect you to write相关词：expe

4、ctationpainful adj.痛苦的;艰难的a painful experience后缀-ful 表示“充满的”“有倾向的”e.g. thankful; helpful; hopeful; forgetful等successful adj. 成功的 相关词：success; succeed; successfullyexpress v. 表达adj. 快递的EMS= Express Mail Service相关词：expressionexperience n. 经历；经验v. 经历；体验I didnt have my fathers ability and experience as

5、a writer.improve v.提高；改善 I need to improve my English.相关词：improvementallow v. 允许 because I allowed him to do it.realize v. 意识到；3实现share v. 1)共有 2)分享n. 份额;一份Eli shared his chocolate with the other kids.confident adj.自信的 相关词：confidencedisappointment n. 失望；遗憾相关词：disappoint; disappointed等reach v. 1)抵达 2

6、)达到 3)伸手 4)够得着n. 影响范围reach a conclusionI cant reach that far.beyond the reach ofraise v. 1) 举起 2)提高 3)筹集 4)提出 5)抚养；饲养；种植raise your hand; raise the priceraise money; raise many questions相关词：risebright Adj. 1) 明亮的 2) 艳丽的(颜色) 3)聪明的 4)有希望的;光明的The brightest pupil in the class has a bright future.be full

7、of 充满 相关词：be filled withturn in 上交 相关词：hand ininstead of 代替；而不是 I turned in his version instead of mine.as a result 结果是 as a result, he rewrote the whole piece相关词：as a result oftake ones 取代某人 another student 相关词：take the 4place took my place place of sb.; take placedepend on 依靠；取决于 It taught me to d

8、epend on myself二、长难句【课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。可以根据提示分析句子结构完成句子翻译。 】1. It was so much better than my piece that I turned in his version instead of mine.结构分析：_本句含有“sothat”结构，表示“如此以至于”句子翻译：_这篇文章比我的文章好很多因此我上交了他的版本而不是我自己的。仿句练习：他太聪明了以致他可以理解我讲了什么。_ He was so clever that he can understand what I said.2. Base

9、d on that excellent article you wrote about summer, I expect you to write a personal opinion article every week for the second page of the paper.结构分析：_本句含有“based” 过去分词做状语的结构，和“you wrote about summer”省略引导词 that的定语从句。句子翻译：_根据你写的关于夏天的优秀文章，我希望你每星期为校报的第二版写一篇个人观点文章。仿句练习：根据他们的调查研究，专家建议农民种植多种农作物。_Based on t

10、heir research, the experts suggest that farmers plant a variety of crops.3. Looking back, I realized that the pain and shame of that school experience had a _40_ side.结构分析：_本句含有“Looking back”现在分词做状语的结构，和 that引导的宾语从句。句子翻译：_回首过去，我意识到学校经历的痛苦和耻辱有的一面。5仿句练习：回顾过去，他心中充满了幸福和骄傲。_Looking back , he is happy and

11、 proud. 回头一想，我发现这一切竟是如此简单。_Looking back, I find how easily it was. 4. So every day, I try to use my own words, find my own style and be my own best self.结构分析：_本句是含有三个并列谓语(try; find; be)的简单句。句子翻译：_因此每一天，我试着用我自己的话，找到自己的风格，做最好的自己。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。 ”只有语料的积累，没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于完形填空解题方法的梳理，能够帮助我们更好地理解完形填空的命题逻辑

12、，在有足够语料积累的基础上，能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你精心整理了完形填空的解题技巧，快来看看你掌握了多少？一、完形填空解题步骤第一步通读全文，把握脉络 跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意。注意文中的语篇关键词，和句中的连词，如 but出现后就说明句子强调的重点是 but后面的内容；再如代词 it指代的定是前文的单数或者不可数名词。找到关键词可以帮助我们掌握文章的大概意思及其想要传达的寓意。第二步瞻前顾后，上下求索 联系上下文，运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题，抓住文章中的上下文线索词。【具体的解题策略会在下一部分详细描述】第三步再读文章，核查答案 代入答案，再读全文，反复检

13、查，争取做到：结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。二、完形填空解题策略方法 方法一：词汇复现法6解释 “词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如 protect和 protection)、同义词/近义词(如 road和 trail)、反义词(如 wrong和 correct)、上下义词(上下义是指词的总结和分解关系，上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如adult是 my father的上义词；coat 是 clothes的下义词) 等重复出现在语篇之中。例题 例 1：He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his _, he

14、is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通过上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因为他的“善良友好”他很受欢迎。故选 D。】例 2：The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _. A. forgetful B. unforgettable

15、 C. easy-going D. hard-working【分析：通过上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越来越“健忘”。故选 A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“难忘的”。）】方法 方法二：上下文推理法解释 “上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。例题 例：When we talked, I discovered（发现）some differences in schoo

16、l life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通过上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes

17、in each class.”可知美国每节课是 50分钟，中国每节课是 40分钟，根据上下文可以推断出美国的课时比中国的长，故选 B。】方法 方法三：逻辑推理法解释 “逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意挖空处表示逻辑关系的连词（如 and表并列，but 和 however表转折，so 表因果，first of 7all、then 和 finally表顺序等）。例题 例 1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he ca

18、nt sing 6 . 6. A. badly B. easily C. well D. excitedly【分析：通过上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和连词“but”，可以推断出前后存在转折关系，此处想要表达的含义是“喜欢但唱得不好”，故选 C。】方法 方法四：文化背景常识法解释 “文化背景常识法”是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注

19、意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。例题 例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鲸鱼) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest

20、【分析：第 1题，众所周知：大象是陆地上最大的动物，故选 A. biggest。第 2题，众所周知：鲸鱼生活在大海里，故选 C. sea。】方法 方法五：固定搭配法解释 完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。例题 例 1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does p

21、ay attention 13 what he or she is speaking 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短语“pay attention to 注意”，故选 D。】例 2：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 810. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短语“take photos 拍照”，故选 D。】障碍阅读【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原则，指导学生在障碍阅读的

22、前提下领悟文章的主要意思，防止学生理解跑偏】（东城一模）No One Words But My OwnThe classroom was full of those of us who wanted to work on the school newspaper. I didnt write a lot but working on the paper sounded like fun. I _31_the idea of being a reporter, interviewing my friends, and covering middle school events.To be cho

23、sen, we had to turn in an example of our _32_. I wrote an article about the joys of summer, and showed it to my father, a talented poet. He read it and frowned (皱眉).“Its okay.” my father said, taking out a pencil “But how about changing this sentence to .” And as a result, he rewrote the whole piece

24、语篇精讲9without me, for I never said anything to _33_ him.No surprisehis version(版本)was _34_ . He had a gift for language. It was so much better than my piece that I turned in his version instead of mine.“Welcome to the Dundee School News,” my teacher said to me. But before I could be _35_ about the ne

25、ws, he added, “ Based on that excellent article you wrote about summer, I expect you to write a personal opinion article every week for the second page of the paper.“I was so surprised! I was unable to write at that level, but I couldnt tell the_36_ to the teacher, and I couldnt ask my father for he

26、lp, either.That term working on the paper was really painful. And my teacher clearly expressed his _37_.“Cant you write something more like the first piece you wrote?” he said, each time I turned in my article.I couldnt, because at that age, I didnt have my fathers ability and experience as a writer

27、. Week after week, I tried hard, but my writing never _38_ the level of the first article.At last, to my total shame, another student took my place. I _39_ that my father rewrote my first article himself, instead of simply trying to help me to improve it. But in my heart I knew it was my fault (错误)b

28、ecause I allowed him to do it.Later, I did become a successful writer on my own. Looking back, I realized that the pain and shame of that school experience had a _40_ side. It taught me to depend on myself and be myself. So every day, I try to use my own words, find my own style and be my own best s

29、elf. It feels great.文章大意为 _（只给出关键词即可）参考答案：When he was at school, the writer wanted to work on the school newspaper. He needed to turn in an article but he turned the version written by his father. Though he got the chance, his real writing level made the teacher disappointed. At last another student

30、 took his place. The writer realized that 10he needed to depend on himself to be successful.参考关键词：writing; my father; rewrite; on my own【注：程度比较好的学生可以进行无选项填空训练】语篇练习话题 体裁 词数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 难度人物故事类记叙文 418 12-15分钟 _/10（东城一模）No One Words But My OwnThe classroom was full of those of us who wanted to work o

31、n the school newspaper. I didnt write a lot but working on the paper sounded like fun. I _31_the idea of being a reporter, interviewing my friends, and covering middle school events.To be chosen, we had to turn in an example of our _32_. I wrote an article about the joys of summer, and showed it to

32、my father, a talented poet. He read it and frowned (皱眉).“Its okay.” my father said, taking out a pencil “But how about changing this sentence to .” And as a result, he rewrote the whole piecewithout me, for I never said anything to _33_ him.No surprisehis version(版本)was _34_ . He had a gift for lang

33、uage. It was so much better than my piece that I turned in his version instead of mine.“Welcome to the Dundee School News,” my teacher said to me. But before I could be _35_ about the news, he added, “ Based on that excellent article you wrote about summer, I expect you to write a personal opinion a

34、rticle every week for the second page of the paper.“I was so surprised! I was unable to write at that level, but I couldnt tell the_36_ to the teacher, and I couldnt ask my father for help, either.That term working on the paper was really painful. And my teacher clearly expressed his _37_.“Cant you

35、write something more like the first piece you wrote?” he said, each time I turned in my article.11I couldnt, because at that age, I didnt have my fathers ability and experience as a writer. Week after week, I tried hard, but my writing never _38_ the level of the first article.At last, to my total s

36、hame, another student took my place. I _39_ that my father rewrote my first article himself, instead of simply trying to help me to improve it. But in my heart I knew it was my fault (错误)because I allowed him to do it.Later, I did become a successful writer on my own. Looking back, I realized that t

37、he pain and shame of that school experience had a _40_ side. It taught me to depend on myself and be myself. So every day, I try to use my own words, find my own style and be my own best self. It feels great.31. A. gave B. shared C. liked D. welcomed32.A. report B. writing C. homework D. newspaper33

38、.A. help B. stop C. allow D. praise34.A. different B. common C. popular D. wonderful35.A. excited B. worried C. nervous D. confident36.A. truth B. excuse C feeling D. answer37.A. honesty B. patience C. hope D. disappointment38.A. set B. reached C raised D. changed39. A. agreed B. realized C. remembe

39、red D. complained 40.A. magic B. serious C. bright D. strange 语篇精讲：12参考答案：31-35 CBBDA 36-40 ADBDC文章大意：本篇文章讲述了作者在校时想进入学校新闻部当记者，作者交上去的却是他爸爸写的文章，虽然他通过了选拔，却在工作中暴露出真实水平，最后他被别人替代的故事。通过这件事作者明白：想要成功必须靠自己。答案解析：31. 通过上文“working on the paper sounded like fun”可推断出作者喜欢成为一名记者，故选 C。32. 通过下文“I wrote an article abou

40、t the joys of summer”可知要上交一篇自己的写作材料，故选 B。33. 通过下文“I turned in his version instead of mine”可知作者交的是爸爸帮他写的文章，因此可以推断出他并没有阻止爸爸，故选 B。34. 通过下文“He had a gift for language.”可知爸爸的写作水平高，可以推断出爸爸的版本是非常精彩的，故选 D。35. 通过下文“he added, “ Based on that excellent article you wrote about summer,”和“I was unable to write at

41、 that level”可知此处表示他还来不及激动，故选 A。36. 通过上文“I was unable to write at that level, but I couldnt tell the”可知他不能写得那么好但是他又不能告诉老师真相，故选 A。37. 通过下文“Cant you write something more like the first piece you wrote?”可推断出老师表达的是他的失望之情，故选 D。38. 结合全文语境可知，第一篇文章是爸爸写的，当时的作者无论如何努力都达不到爸爸的写作水平，故选 B.。39. 通过上文“another student t

42、ook my place”作者被人替代和下文“my father rewrote my first article himself, instead of simply trying to help me to improve it”，可推断出当时的作者对让爸爸帮他写文章是存在抱怨的，故选 D。40. 通过下文“It taught me to depend on myself and be myself.”可推断那次经验也有好的一面，即光明的一面，故选 C. bright。精讲笔记【学生在教师的指导下，回顾本讲中积累的完形填空的知识和方法】语篇中积累的词汇【至少掌握 10个】单词 词性及词义

43、单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）realize13语篇中的学到的方法 【根据具体教学情况归纳总结】 【至少掌握 2个】方法一：词汇复现法 如：本篇文章中的 32. (writing) 方法二：上下文推理法方法三：逻辑推理法方法四：文化背景常识法方法五：固定搭配法基础过关一、词汇/短语翻译单词 词性、词义 备注 1 _ v. 1)共有 2)分享2 _ n./v.报道；报告3 _ v.允许4 _ v.夸赞5 _ n. 常见的；共有的；普通的 翻译：common people6 _ adj.自信的7 truth _8 honesty _9 patience _10 disappointment

44、_能力提升1411 set _12reachv. 1)抵达 2)_ 3)伸手 4)_n. _翻译：reach Beijingreach a conclusionI cant reach that far.beyond the reach of13raise翻译：raise your hand; raise the priceraise money; raise many questions14 _ v.意识到；实现15 complain _16brightadj. 1) 明亮的 2) 艳丽的(颜色) 3)_ 4)_翻译：The brightest pupil in the class has

45、a bright future.17 _ v./n. 1) 面试 2)采访18coverv. 1) 覆盖 2)设计 3)_n._翻译：covering middle school eventsthe cover of the book19 _ n. 天赋；天才20 gift n. 1)礼物 2) _21rewrite _前缀 re- 表示“_”e.g. rebuild: _22piecen.1)一块;一首 2) _ 翻译：a piece about the Internet23 paper n. 1)纸 2) _3)试卷24 _ v. 1)预料 2)期望25painful _后缀-ful 表示“_” e.g. hopeful_ ;forgetful_;等26 _ adj. 成功的27 _ v. 表达 adj. 快递的28 _ n./v. 经历；经验29 _ v.提高；改善30depend on _翻译：It taught me to depend on mysel