中考英语专题复习专题十七完形填空第4讲完形填空There’salwayshope.docx

1、1专题十七 完形填空第 4 讲 Theres always hope1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握完形填空的解题技巧，并能够指出本篇完形填空中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过完形填空高频词、长难句等语料的积累，及完形填空解题技巧的练习，灵活应对各种完形填空题。知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”，在英语学习的过程中，语料的积累至关重要。对于完形填空高频词和长难句的梳理，能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句，快来看看你掌握了吗？一、高频词【课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。具体使用中可以删去词义词性部

2、分，给小例句提示。并标记出学生的实际掌握情况（优良差）】单词 词性及词义 示例 备注 掌握情况thoughts n.想法have v.1)有 2)使做 I had my class write something about themselves.offer v.主动提出n.主动提议He offered some useful advice.wonder v.想知道n.惊讶；奇迹Iwonder who she is.The Seven Wonders of the 名 师点拨教 学目标2Worldresponsibility n.责任 相关词：responsiblebehavior n.行为；

3、举止He took full responsibility for his behavior.相关词：behavehold v.1)抓住;握住 2)坚持住3)举行 4)认为they hold the world responsible for the consequence (后果).attend v.1)参加 2)上课 Vincent attended classes and got straight As for two years.相关词：attendanceaccept v.接受 Vincent got accepted into ten different universities.

4、相关词：be accepted into 录取land n. 陆地v. 1)着陆 2)成功得到Vincent landed a great job at a big tech company.work v. 1)工作2)奏效;起作用n. 1)工作 2)作品My plan worked and I got them to agree. disappointed adj.失望的 相关词: disappointmentfail v.1)失败，未能做到2)衰退 3)使失望He worked with a house painter after failing through high school.H

5、er eyesight is failing.special adj .特殊的;专门的n.特价The school will only allow this in special condition.相关词: especiallyattract v. 吸引 What first attracted me to her was her sense of humor.相关词: attraction; attractiveencourage v.鼓励 Our teacher often encourages us to speak more English.相关词: encouragementsur

6、prise n.惊讶；惊喜v.使惊讶What he said in class surprised me most.相关词: surprised; surprisinginfluence v./n. 影响 His writings have influenced the lives of millions. 相关词: influential; affectsucceed v.1)成功 2)接替 Who succeeded Obama as President? 相关词: success; successfulmessage n.信息；消息；要点powerful adj. 强大的；有影响力的相关

7、词：powersit around 闲坐3be up to 正在干，从事着 I wondered what he was up to.look up 查阅；查找 I googled him and looked him up on Facebook. on ones term 按某人自己的意思 he tried to do the things on his terms.talk sb. into sth.说服某人做某事 I didnt want to move abroad but Bill talked me into it.二、长难句【课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。可以

8、根据提示分析句子结构完成句子翻译。】1. I was sitting around the other morning thinking about some of my former(以前的) students.结构分析：_本句含有现在分词 v-ing“thinking about”作伴随状语的结构句子翻译：_前几天的早晨我闲坐着想起了一些我以前的学生。仿句练习：他正坐在桌子旁读报。_He is sitting at the desk reading a newspaper.2. For him, sitting still, listening and reading, didnt 34

9、.结构分析：_本句含有并列的现在分词 v-ing“sitting still, listening and reading”作主语的结构。句子翻译：_对他来说，坐着不动、听课、读书，不起任何作用。仿句练习：散步对你的健康有好处._Walking is good for your health.3. The more he tried to do the things on his terms, the more we forced him to do the things on our terms and the angrier he got. The angrier he got, the

10、more trouble he got into.结构分析：_本句含有“the+比较级，the+比较级”的结构，表示“越, 越”。句子翻译：_他越是努力按照他的想法做事，我们越是强迫他按照我们的想法做事而他越是生气。他越生气，他的麻烦越多。仿句练习：你越小心，你犯的错误就越少。你看的书越多，你懂得就越多。_The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.The more you read, the better you will understand. 4. It was Vincent who turned Vincent

11、 around.结构分析：_4本句含有“it isthat/who”强调句结构。句子翻译：_正是 Vincent 自己转变了他自己。仿句练习：正是 Tom 明天要举行生日聚会。_It is Tom who will hold a birthday party.5. I couldnt be happier for him.结构分析：_本句含有“couldnt+比较级”的结构，表示“再不过了”，表达最高级的含义。句子翻译：_我为他感到再高兴不过了。（我为他感到非常的高兴。）仿句练习：他做得再好不过了。我再同意你不过了。（我完全同意你的意见。）_He couldnt have done bette

12、r. I cant agree with you more. 方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累，没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于完形填空解题方法的梳理，能够帮助我们更好地理解完形填空的命题逻辑，在有足够语料积累的基础上，能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你精心整理了完形填空的解题技巧，快来看看你掌握了多少？一、完形填空解题步骤第一步 通读全文，把握脉络 跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意。注意文中的语篇关键词，和句中的连词，如 but 出现后就说明句子强调的重点是 but 后面的内容；再如代词 it 指代的定是前文的单数或者不可数名词。找到关键词可以帮助我们掌握文章的大概意思

13、及其想要传达的寓意。第二步 瞻前顾后，上下求索 联系上下文，运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题，抓住文章中的上下文线索词。【具体的解题策略会在下一部分详细描述】第三步 再读文章，核查答案 代入答案，再读全文，反复检查，争取做到：结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。二、完形填空解题策略方法 方法一：词汇复现法解释 “词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如 protect 和 protection)、同义词/近义词(如 road和 trail)、反义词(如 wrong 和 correct)、上下义词(上下义是指词的总结和分解关系，上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如 adult 是 m

14、y father 的上义词；coat 是 clothes 的下义词)等重复出现在语篇中。5例题 例 1：He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his _, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通过上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因为他的“善良友好”他很受欢迎。故选 D。】例 2：The old m

15、an tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working【分析：通过上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越来越“健忘”。故选 A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“难忘的”。）】方法 方法二：上下文推理法解释 “上 下文推理法”是指根据对上下

16、文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。例题 例：When we talked, I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter

17、 B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通过上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美国每节课是 50 分钟，中国每节课是 40 分钟，根据上下文可以推断出美国的课时比中国的长，故选 B。】方法 方法三：逻辑推理法解释 “逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意挖空处表示逻辑关系的连词（如 and 表并列，but 和however 表转

18、折，so 表因果，first of all、then 和 finally 表顺序等）。例题 例 1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he cant sing 6 .6. A. badly B. easily C. well D. excitedly【分析：通过上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和连词“but”，可以推断出前后存在转折关系，此处想要表达的含义是“喜欢但唱得不好”，故选 C。】方法 方法四：文化背景常识法解释 “文化背景常识法

19、”是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。例题 例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鲸鱼) are bigger than el

20、ephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest【分析：第 1 题，众所周知：大象是陆地上最大的动物，故选 A. biggest。6第 2 题，众所周知：鲸鱼生活在大海里，故选 C. sea。】方法 方法五：固定搭配法解释 完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。例题 例 1：When two people are in a con

21、versation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she isspeaking13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短语“pay attention to 注意”，故选 D。】例 2：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some phot

22、os there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短语“take photos 拍照”，故选 D。】障碍阅读【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原则，指导学生在障碍阅读的前提下领悟文章的主要意思，防止学生理解跑偏】（西城一模）Theres always hopeI was sitting around the other morning thinking about some of my former(以前的) students. When I do that, my thoughts always turn to Vincent.

23、 Eighteen years ago, on the first day of third grade, when I had my class write something about themselves, he just sat there. So I took him outside to see what was wrong. “You can 31 about something else; anything you want, ”I offered. He turned to me and shouted, “I cant write!” and threw his penc

24、il. Vincent was difficult and 32 . He acted out. He threw things. He refused to work, to be quiet, to sit down. So these many years later, I wondered what he was up to. With time on my hands, I googled him and looked him up on Facebook and before long I found him. And after a few texts we agreed to

25、meet. And he told me his 33 .语篇精讲7Vincent knew he was smart, but he also knew he couldnt do what other kids did. He had to move around and talk. For him, sitting still, listening and reading, didnt 34 . The more he tried to do the things on his terms, the more we forced him to do the things on our t

26、erms and the angrier he got. The angrier he got, the more trouble he got into. In other words, we 35 him. But he wouldnt let me tell him that. He took full responsibility for his behavior. He remembered feeling 36 for acting out. That 37 me. Kids like Vincent are always angry about something; they h

27、old the world responsible for the consequence (后果). This story also had one of us turning Vincent around. But none of us did that for him. There were no excellent teachers like Annie Sullivan or Jaime Escalante. That didnt mean we didnt 38 . I remember countless conversations, trying to understand h

28、im, going to his Little League games. It was Vincent who turned Vincent around, along with a junkie(吸毒者) house painter he worked with after failing through high school. This guy clearly scared(惊吓) him straight; talked him into going to 39 .But it was Vincent who attended classes and got straight As

29、for two years. And it was Vincent who got accepted into ten different universities, including Stanford and UW. And it was Vincent who landed a great job at a big tech company. Vince nt is completely different from 18 years ago. I couldnt be happier for him. And for me, the 40 is simple but powerfult

30、heres always hope. 文章大意为（只给出关键词即可）_参考关键词：Vincent; refuse; responsible; fail; try; a great job参考答案：本文作者回忆起自己的一名上学时 拒绝教师管理的学生。多年后他们取得了联系，作者得知这个学生在经历了一些挫折后努力学习，成功被很多名牌大学录取，并拥有了很棒的工作。作者通过叙述故事，提倡要尝试去教育，总是有希望的。【注：程度比较好的学生可以进行无选项填空训练】语篇练习话题 体裁 词数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 难度人物故事类 记叙文 440 12-15 分钟 _/10Theres always hop

31、eI was sitting around the other morning thinking about some of my former(以前的) students. When I do that, my thoughts always turn to Vincent. Eighteen years ago, on the first day of third grade, when I had my class write something 8about themselves, he just sat there. So I took him outside to see what

32、 was wrong. “You can 31 about something else; anything you want, ”I offered. He turned to me and shouted, “I cant write!” and threw his pencil. Vincent was difficult and 32 . He acted out. He threw things. He refused to work, to be quiet, to sit down. So these many years later, I wondered what he wa

33、s up to. With time on my hands, I googled him and looked him up on Facebook and before long I found him. And after a few texts we agreed to meet. And he told me his 33 .Vincent knew he was smart, but he also knew he couldnt do what other kids did. He had to move around and talk. For him, sitting sti

34、ll, listening and reading, didnt 34 . The more he tried to do the things on his terms, the more we forced him to do the things on our terms and the angrier he got. The angrier he got, the more trouble he got into. In other words, we 35 him. But he wouldnt let me tell him that. He took ful l responsi

35、bility for his behavior. He remembered feeling 36 for acting out. That 37 me. Kids like Vincent are always angry about something; they hold the world responsible for the consequence (后果). This story also had one of us turning Vincent around. But none of us did that for him. There were no excellent t

36、eachers like Annie Sullivan or Jaime Escalante. That didnt mean we didnt 38 . I remember countless conversations, trying to understand him, going to his Little League games. It was Vincent who turned Vincent around, along with a junkie(吸毒者) house painter he worked with after failing through high sch

37、ool. This guy clearly scared(惊吓) him straight; talked him into going to 39 .But it was Vincent who attended classes and got straight As for two years. And it was Vincent who got accepted into ten different universities, including Stanford and UW. And it was Vincent who landed a great job at a big te

38、ch company. Vincent is completely different from 18 years ago. I couldnt be happier for him. And for me, the 40 is simple but powerfultheres always hope. 31. A. talk B. read C. write D. hear32. A. angry B. lazy C. careless D. disappointed33. A. job B. story C. school D. family34. A. arrive B. change

39、 C. work D. end35. A. forgot B. helped C. freed D. failed36. A. proud B. special C. natural D. terrible37. A. attracted B. encouraged C. surprised D. influenced38. A. try B. wait C. learn D. succeed39. A. movies B. business C. college D. sports40. A. rule B. memory C. answer D. message语篇精讲：参考答案：3135

40、 CABCD 3640 DCACD9文章大意：本文作者回忆起自己的一名上学时拒绝教师管理的学生。多年后他们取得了联系，作者得知这个学生在经历了一些挫折后努力学习，成功被很多名牌大学录取，并拥有了很棒的工作。作者通过叙述故事，提倡要尝试去教育，总是有希望的。答案解析：31. 通过上文“when I had my class write something about themselves”可知这里作者在建议“你可以写点别的东西”，故选 C。32. 通过下文“ He threw things. He refused to work, to be quiet, to sit down.”可知“他扔东

41、西，拒绝学习，拒绝安静，拒绝坐下”，再结合生活常识可以推断出：在生气的情况下会有这些举动，故选 A。33. 结合后文“This story also had one of us turning Vincent around.”和整个语境，可以得知他在讲述自己的故事，故选 B。34. 通过上文“he also knew he couldnt do what other kids did. He had to move around and talk.”可以得知他是个好动的学生，因此可以推断出：对他来说，安静地坐着，听课和阅读根本就不起作用，故选 C。35. 通过上文“The more he tr

42、ied to do the things on his terms, the more trouble he got into. ”和过渡词“In other words”，可知后文是对前文的总结，因此可以推断出：换句话说，是我们让他失败了，故选 D。36. 通过上文“He took full responsibility for his behavior.”，可知他对自己的行为负全部责任，可以推断出他记得他为自己的行为表现感到糟糕，故选 D。37. 通过下文“ Kids like Vincent are always angry about something; they hold the

43、world responsible for the consequence (后果)”，可知像 Vincent 这样的孩子们总是对一些事情发怒，他们认为世界应为他们造成的后果负责，可以推断出作者对这样的观点感到吃惊，故选 C。38. 通过下文“I remember countless conversations, trying to understand him, going to his Little League games.”，可知作者做了很多努力去理解他，在结合上文的转折连词“but”，可以推断出这句话的意思是“那并不意味着我们没进行尝试、努力”，故选 A。39. 通过下文“it wa

44、s Vincent who attended classesaccepted into ten different universities”可知 Vincent 后来又去上学并被很多大学录取，可以推断出那个和他一起工作的人说服他去上学，故选 C。40. 通过下文“theres always hope.”，可知这是作者在对 Vincent 的故事的一些感受和得到的信息，故选 D。精讲笔记【学生在教师的指导下，回顾本讲中积累的完形填空的知识和方法】语篇中积累的词汇【至少掌握 10 个】单词 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）realize10语篇中的学到的方法【根据具体教学情况归纳总结】【至少掌握 2 个】方法一：词汇复现法 如：本篇文章中的 31. (write )方法二：上下文推理法方法三：逻辑推理法方法四：文化背景常识法方法五：固定搭配法基础过关一、词汇/短语翻译单词 词性、词义 示例1 _ n.想法2 have v.1)有 2)