中考英语专题复习专题十七完形填空第9讲完形填空.docx

1、1专题十七 完形填空第 9 讲朝阳二模1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握完形填空的解题技巧，并能够指出本篇完形填空中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过完形填空高频词、长难句等语料的积累，及完形填空解题技巧的练习，灵活应对各种完形填空题。知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”，在英语学习的过程中，语料的积累至关重要。对于完形填空高频词和长难句的梳理，能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句，快来看看你掌握了吗？一、高频词【课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。具体使用中可以删去词义词性部分，给小例句提示。并标记出学生

2、的实际掌握情况（优良差）】单词 词性及词义 示例 备注 掌握情况including prep.包括在内 Many patients were helped by Michael, including a little babyexpected adj.预料的；预期的 Chris entered the world earlier than expected.rise n./v. 上升；升起；提高 His temperature rose 相关词：raise教 学目标名 师点拨2quicklychoose v.选择 相关词:-chose-chosenreenter v.再次进入 相关词: “re

3、-”表示“再；又”的前缀，如rewritelose v.丢失；失去 相关词:loselostlost ; lose oneself incontrol v./n.控制 相关词:under control; out of controlbadly adv.1)差的 2)很;非常3)严重的They are badly in need of help.a truck hit his car badlyrealize v.意识到imagine v.想象 相关词: imaginationarrive v.到达；到来 相关词: arrivalbelieve v.信任；相信 相关词: beliefaffec

4、t v.影响 相关词: influencepass v.1)路过 2)递 3)及格 4)时间流逝leave v. 1)离开 2)留下 3)丢下 leaving hints to my parentsI left my bag on the bus.follow v. 1)跟着 2)沿着(道路)3)听从 4)理解Why didnt you follow my adviceSorry, I cant follow you.report v./n.报告；报道complain v.抱怨；埋怨 相关词: complainttouch v.1)触摸 2)感动n.1)触觉 2)触碰 3)联系Her stor

5、y touched us all deeply. Im trying to get in touch wit h him.message n.信息；消息chance n.机会effort n.努力 You should put more effort into your work.record v.1)记录 2)录音n.1)记录 2)纪录 3)唱片encourage v.鼓励 相关词: encouragementbe known for因而出名 There Michael was known for his hard work.be trapped 陷入困境 He was trapped in

6、 his car watching 3in fire rise up around his legs.in time 及时 相关词: on timehold back 1)抑制(感情)2)隐瞒3)阻拦all he could do was to hold back tears.二、长难句【课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。可以根据提示分析句子结构完成句子翻译。】1. Many patients were helped by Michael, including a little baby called Chris.结构分析：_本句含有“过去分词作定语”的结构，修饰名词“baby”

7、。句子翻译：_很多病人都得到过 Michael 的帮助，其中包括一个叫 Chris 的小婴儿。仿句练习：中国的很多城市都发生了很大的变化，包括以西湖而闻名的杭州。_Great changes have taken place in China, including Hangzhou known for its West Lake.2. What Michael did meant the world to Chris parents, especially the next day when Michael _34_ to them that their babys fever had gon

8、e.结构分析：_本句含有 1. What 引导的主语从句； 2. When 引导的定语从句，修饰名词 the next day； 3.that 引导的宾语从句。句子翻译：_对 Chris 的父母来说，Michael 所做的意味着全世界，尤其是第二天 Michael_他们他们的 baby 已经退烧了。仿句练习：我永远都不会忘记这个暑假，特别是我们一起追蝴蝶的那天。_Ill never forget this summer vacation, especially the day when we chased the butterflies together.3. What Michael cou

9、ld never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later.结构分析 ：_本句含有 1. What 引导的主语从句；2.how 引导的表语从句。句子翻译：_Michael 从没有预料到的是 30 年后 Chris 会怎样再次进入他的生活。仿句练习：我想知道的是我们要如何准时完成这个任务。_What I want to know is how we can finish the task on time.4. He was trapped in his car watching fire rise up a

10、round his legs.结构分析：_本句含有“doing 做伴随状语”的结构。句子翻译：_他被困在车里看着火在他腿的四周燃烧起来。仿句练习：我们安静的坐着，认真地听老师讲课。4_We sat quietly, listening to the teacher carefully.5. When Michael realized that the little babyhe once saved had just saved him, allhe could do was to hold back tears.结构分析：_本句含有 1.when 引导的时间状语从句 2.时间状语从句中又含有

11、 that 引导的定语从句和省略引导词的定语从句 3.主句部分含有省略引导词的定语从句和“to do 做表语”的结构。句子翻译：_当 Michael 意识到他曾经救过的那个小婴儿刚刚救了他的性命，他所能做的就是抑制回自己的眼泪。仿句练习：当我意识到爱和感恩是多么的重要时，我所能做的就是尽力去帮助那些急需帮助的人们。_When I realized how important love and gratitude was, all I could do is to help those badly in need of help.方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累，没有好方法的辅助也

12、是不够的。对于完形填空解题方法的梳理，能够帮助我们更好地理解完形填空的命题逻辑，在有足够语料积累的基础上，能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你精心整理了完形填空的解题技巧，快来看看你掌握了多少？一、完形填空解题步骤第一步 通读全文，把握脉络 跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意。注意文中的语篇关键词，和句中的连词，如 but 出现后就说明句子强调的重点是 but 后面的内容；再如代词 it 指代的定是前文的单数或者不可数名词。找到关键词可以帮助我们掌握文章的大概意思及其想要传达的寓意。第二步 瞻前顾后，上下求索 联系上下文，运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题，抓住文章中的上下文线索词。【

13、具体的解题策略会在下一部分详细描述】第三步 再读文章，核查答案 代入答案，再读全文，反复检查，争取做到：结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。二、完形填空解题策略方法 方法一：词汇复现法解释 “词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如 protect 和 protection)、同义词/近义词(如 road和 trail)、反义词(如 wrong 和 correct)、上下义词(上下义是指词的总结和分解关系，上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如 adult 是 my father 的上义词；coat 是 clothes 的下义词)等重复出现在语篇之中。5例题 例 1：He is very

14、kind and friendly to others. Because of his _, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通过上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因为他的“善良友好”他很受欢迎。故选 D。】例 2：The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he

15、 is more and more _. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working【分析：通过上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越来越“健忘”。故选 A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“难忘的”。）】方法 方法二：上下文推理法解释 “上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。例题 例：When we

16、 talked, I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通过上文“each class lasts fifty mi

17、nutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美国每节课是 50 分钟，中国每节课是 40 分钟，根据上下文可以推断出美国的课时比中国的长，故选 B。】方法 方法三：逻辑推理法解释 “逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意挖空处表示逻辑关系的连词（如 and 表并列，but 和however 表转折，so 表因果，first of all、then 和 finally 表顺序等）。例题 例：My youngest cous

18、in likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he cant sing 6 .6. A. badly B. easily C. well D. excitedly【分析：通过上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和连词“but”，可以推断出前后存在转折关系，此处想要表达的含义是“喜欢但唱得不好”，故选 C。】方法 方法四：文化背景常识法解释 “文化背景常识法”是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，答题时要充分调动相关知识帮

19、助我们分析、推断。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。例题 例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鲸鱼) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. sma

20、ller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest【分析：第 1 题，众所周知：大象是陆地上最大的动物，故选 A. biggest。6第 2 题，众所周知：鲸鱼生活在大海里，故选 C. sea。】方法 方法五：固定搭配法解释 完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。例题 例 1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to

21、 time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短语“pay attention to 注意”，故选 D。】例 2：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短语“take

22、 photos 拍照”，故选 D。】障碍阅读【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原则，指导学生在障碍阅读的前提下领悟文章的主要意思，防止学生理解跑偏】（朝阳二模）After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California. He became a 3l at Mission Community Hospital. There Michael was known for his hard work . Many patients were helped by Michael, including a little baby called C

23、hris.In August 1985, Chris entered the world earlier than expected, weighing only 1.5 kg. A few month later he was back in the hospital. His temperature rose quickly with all the symptoms of 语篇精讲7meningitis（脑膜炎症状）. Michael didnt 32 this young patients side. “Anything could have gone wrong at that po

24、int, so I stayed there through the night to make sure everything was done 33 , ” Michael said. What Michael did meant the world to Chris parents, especially the next day when Michael 34 to them that their babys fever had gone. Then Chris parents chose Michael to be their sons doctor for his childhoo

25、d. When Chris finished primary school, the two lost 35 . What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later.At around 5 a. m. on March 29, 2015, Michael was driving home when suddenly a truck 36 control and hit his car badly in front of him.“Then I felt heat a

26、nd looked down and could see fire around my legs! ”As he tried to open the door, he realized it was 37 . He was trapped（使陷入困境）in his car watching fire rise up around his legs. After more than 40 years helping others as a doctor, suddenly he needed 38 . But he could never have imagined where it would

27、 come from.Luckily, less than a mile away, a group of firefighters（消防队员）were coming. Guess who was in this group? It was Chris. They arrived there in time. They helped Michael out of the car and sent him to the hospital. As Chris learned the name of the person he had just saved, he said, “ I surely

28、39 him. But I couldnt believe it.” When Michael realized that the little baby he once saved had just saved him, all he could do was to hold back tears.“It really makes you think about 40 ,” Michael says, “Everything we do is so important and affects（影响）so many others.”文章大意为（只给出关键词即可）_参考关键词：Michael;

29、helped; Chris; 30 years later ; saved him参考答案：Michael saved a little baby called Chris and had been his doctor in his childhood. Thirty years later, whenMichael was trapped in his car during an accident, it was Chris who saved him.【注：程度比较好的学生可以进行无选项填空训练】语篇练习话题 体裁 词数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 难度人物故事类 记叙文 392 12-

30、15 分钟 _/108（朝阳二模）After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California. He became a 3l at Mission Community Hospital. There Michael was known for his hard work. Many patients were helped by Michael, including a little baby called Chris.In August 1985, Chris entered the world earlier than expect

31、ed, weighing only 1.5 kg. A few month later he was back in the hospital. His temperature rose quickly with all the symptoms of meningitis（脑膜炎症状）. Michael didnt 32 this young patients side. “Anything could have gone wrong at that point, so I stayed there through the night to ma ke sure everything was

32、 done 33 , ” Michael said. What Michael did meant the world to Chris parents, especially the next day when Michael 34 to them that their babys fever had gone. Then Chris parents chose Michael to be their sons doctor for his childhood. When Chris finished primary school, the two lost 35 . What Michae

33、l could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later.At around 5 a. m. on March 29, 2015, Michael was driving home when suddenly a truck 36 control and hit his car badly in front of him.“Then I felt heat and looked down and could see fire around my legs! ”As he tried to op

34、en the door, he realized it was 37 . He was trapped（使 陷入困境） in his car watching fire rise up around his legs. After more than 40 years helping others as a doctor, suddenly he needed 38 . But he could never have imagined where it would come from.Luckily, less than a mile away, a group of firefighters

35、（消防队员）were coming. Guess who was in this group? It was Chris. They arrived there in time. They helped Michael out of the car and sent him to the hospital. As Chris learned the name of the person he had just saved, he said, “ I surely 39 him. But I couldnt believe it.” When Michael realized that the

36、little baby he once saved had just saved him, all he could do was to hold back tears.“It really makes you think about 40 ,” Michael says, “Everything we do is so important and affects（影响）so many others.”31.A. teacher B. driver C. doctor D. worker32. A. miss B. pass C. leave D. follow33. A. fast B. r

37、ight C. warmly D. slowly34. A. reported B. listened C. showed D. complained35. A. hope B. touch C. trust D. message36. A. had B. kept C. lost D. took37. A. open B. shut C. safe D. cold38. A. help B. wish C. chance D. effort39. A. record B. interrupt C. encourage D. remember40. A. study B. dream C. t

38、ime D. life9语篇精讲：参考答案： 3135 CCBAB 3640 CBADD文章大意： 本文讲述了一位叫作 Michael 的医生很多年前救治了一名叫 Chris 的小婴儿，多年后在一场车祸中，他又被 Chris 救命的故事。答案解析：31. 通过上文“ After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California.”，可知Michael 学的是医学专业，因此可推断出他毕业后成为一名医生。故选 C。32. 通过下文“I stayed there through the night”可知 Michael 在那儿待了一晚上，可推断

39、出他没有离开，故选 C。33. 通过上文“Anything could have gone wrong at that point”可知在那个时刻任何事情都很有可能出错，因此可推断出 Michael 留在那里是 为了确保一切都正确，故选 B。34. 通过下文“their babys fever had gone”可知孩子退烧了，因此可推断出作为医生的 Michael 应该是向孩子父母报告这件事情，故选 A。35. 通过下文“What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years l

40、ater.”可知他们有很长时间失去了联系，另外“lose touch”为固定搭配，意为“失去联系”。故选B。36. 通过下文“hit his car badly in front of him. “could see fire around my legs! ”可知Michael 出了车祸，因此可推断出是那辆卡车失去了控制进而撞了 Michael 的车才导致的车祸，故选 C。37. 通过上文“he tried to open the door”和下文“He was trapped in his car”可知他困在车里了门打不开，故选 B。38. 通过上文“After more than 40

41、years helping others as a doctor”，可知 Michael 现在需要帮助，故选 A。39. 通过下文“Chris learned the name of the person he had just saved”可知当年的那个小孩也就是现在的消防员 Chris 记起了当年救他的医生 Michael，故选 D。40. 通过下文“Everything we do is so important and affects（影响）so many others.”可知这是Michael 得出的一些生活感悟，故选 D。精讲笔记 【学生在教师的指导 下，回顾本讲中积累的完形填空的

42、知识和方法】语篇中积累的词汇【至少掌握 10 个】单词 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）realize语篇中的学到的方法【根据具体教学情况归纳总结】【至少掌握 2 个】方法一：词汇复现法 如：本篇文章中的 38. (help )10方法二：上下文推理法方法三：逻辑推理法方法四：文化背景常识法方法五：固定搭配法基础过关一、词汇/短语翻译单词 词性及词义 备注1 including _2 _ adj.预料的；预期的3 rise _ 翻译: His temperature rose quickly. _4 _ v.选择5 reenter _ 相关词: “re-”表示“_”的前缀6 l

43、ose _7 _ v./n.控制8 badly adv.1)差的 2) _ 3) _提示：They are badly in need of help.a truck hit his car badly9 _ v.意识到10 imagine _ 名词: _11 arrive _ 名词: _12 _ v.信任；相信13 affect _14 _ v.1)路过 2)递 3)及格 4)时间流逝15 leave v. 1) _ 2) _ 3) _16 follow v. 1)跟着 2)沿着(道路)3) _ 4) _提示：Why didnt you follow my advice？Sorry, I cant follow you.17 report _18 complain _19 touch v.1)触摸 2)_n.1)触觉 2)触碰 3)_翻译：Her story touched us all deeply. _When Chris finished primary school, the two lost touch._ 20 message _ _21 _ n.机会能力提升1122 effort _23 record _24 encourage _25 be kn