中考英语专题复习专题十九任务型阅读第10讲任务型阅读解题方法指导.docx

1、1专题十九 任务型阅读第 10 讲（上）五选五解题方法指导1. 掌握北京中考五选五的命题规律；2. 掌握北京中考五选五的解题方法；3. 掌握北京中考五选五的高频词。北京中考五选五命题规律总结阅读短文还原句子（即我们通常说的五选五）是北京中考题型中最年轻的题型，在 2010年的北京中考中第一次出现，但值得注意的是，那时候是以五选四的形式出现，即五个选项，四个空格，有一个多余选项。在 2015 年的中考中改为五选五，延续至今。设空位置一般有三种：段首、段尾和段中，通过对年北京中考及东、西、海、朝的一模、二模试题进行分析可以看出，段中设空最多，段首次之，段尾最少。北京中考五选五材料的选取一般遵循三个

2、原则：1. 阅读量约在 200-300 字之间；2. 题材广泛，包括日常生活类、人生百味类、教育类和社会现象类等；3. 体裁多样，以记叙文和说明文为主。北京中考五选五考察的主要内容是：1. 学生理解故事情节和事件发展顺序的能力；2. 学生理解段落中各句子之间逻辑关系的能力。主要考察的逻辑关系有五种：并列逻辑、转折逻辑、因果逻辑、指代逻辑和总分逻辑。针对五选五这一题型，学生要养成限时阅读的习惯，提高阅读速度，每分钟 40-50 个词为宜；同时要注意常考点，平时练习多注意代词（it, this, they）的指代关系，选项的句内关系（如因果、转折）及重现（ 文章及选项的复现提示）等。北京中考五选五

3、解题方法指导一、五选五解题步骤名 师点拨教 学目标2第一步读选项，画关键词，暗排序通读选项，了解每个选项的意思，做到心中有数，至少能知道可供选择的意思范围，以便在短时间内找出正确答案。第二步读文章，抓过渡词，找逻辑通读文章，关注段中各句子之间的逻辑关系，抓住表示并列、转折、因果关系及其他关系的过渡词，为下一步解题做准备。第三步先易后难来解题 先填较容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或与选项有明显逻辑关系的句子；再填较难的空，这时选择范围会变小，可以反复对比分析，进行选择。第四步回读文章定答案 全部题目做完后，把所选择的选项代入原文，检查文章前后是否连贯，所选选项是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次

4、确定答案。二、五选五解题技巧题型 题型一：并列逻辑解题技巧如果空格所在段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。典题精析例题：Make good word choices. When were not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and dont take the time to decide if theyre pr

5、oper. 2.（北京中考五选五）解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格出现在第二段的段末，是用来对第二段的黑体小标题进行解释的，浏览选项可知 E 选项中的关键词 good word choices 与小标题一致，故选 E，意为“好的词汇选择对好的作品是重要的”。答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for good writing.”题型 题型二：转折逻辑解题技巧1. 空格前后意思相反或矛盾，找含转折含义的选项；2. 选项含转折逻辑，另一种常见的考查方式是空格后对该选项进行详细阐述、说明和例证。典题精析例题：5. But with a few simple s

6、teps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles.（北京中考五选五）解析：本题考察的是转折逻辑。根据空格后转折连词 but 可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意为“但是有了简单的几步，我们能够提高我们的写作技巧。”，所以空格处应与其意思相反，故选 D，意为“成为一个更好的作家不容易”。答案：D “It is not easy to become a better writer.”题型 题型三：指代逻辑解题技巧1. 如果选项中含有代词，则判断哪个空格前的句中所含有的名词代入后使上下文连贯；

7、2. 如果空格后句中有代词，则判断哪个选项所含名词代入后上下文连贯。3典题精析例题：Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(线路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben._3_.（北京东城一模五选五）解析：本题考察的是指代逻辑。根据空格所在段第一句 Every year in April, the London marathon（马

8、拉松）takes place.“伦敦马拉松在每年四月举行”，可知本段讲述的重点为伦敦马拉松，浏览选项可知 B 项 People come from all over the world to run in it.中的 it 代替的是 London marathon，故可推断出正确答案。答案：B“People come from all over the world to run in it.”题型 题型四：因果逻辑解题技巧如果选项含有因果逻辑词，则判断哪个空格前后句与之符合因果逻辑关系；典题精析例题：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill

9、1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon.（北京朝阳二模五选五）解析：本题考察的是因果逻辑。根据空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman 和 Mr. Martin 都病的很严重”，这是事件的原因，那么空格处应该填的是事件的结果，浏览选项可知应填 C，意为“他们住在相同的病房里”，即可推断出正确答案。答案：C “They were in the same hospital room”.题型 题型五：总分逻辑解题技巧1. 如果选项的表达类似于“There are mainly three type

10、s of ”则该选项一般位于文章较前面的位置，用于引出后文对这几种类型的详细阐述；2. 如果空格位于某段段首，则一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。典题精析例题：Many of us dont spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1.（北

11、京中考五选五）解析：本题考察的是总分逻辑。浏览全文可以发现本文是一篇“总-分”类型的文章，主要介绍的是一些关于写作的小窍门，而第二段起的一些黑体字则是 tips 的具体内容，所以第一段空格处应填的是一句总述句，故选 B，意为“下面的小窍门可能会有帮助”。答案：B “The following tips can be helpful.”分类练习的中考及一模、二模考试中，五种逻辑的考查概率是怎样的呢？我们一起看一下吧：试卷 并列逻辑 转折逻辑 指代逻辑 因果逻辑 总分逻辑语 篇练习4中考 2 1 2东城一模 2 2 1西城一模 4 1海淀一模 5朝阳一模 4 1东城二模 5西城二模 2 2 1海淀

12、二模 3 1 1朝阳二模 2 1 2通过图表的展示可以看出，在五种逻辑的考察中，并列逻辑占据了半壁江山，剩余的部分由其它四种逻辑平分秋色，但我们不能忽视任何一种逻辑考查，接下来我们就实际操练一下吧！并列逻辑怎样考？（本部分习题为并列逻辑专项练习）（北京海淀一模）Chess has been around for a long time. 1 . Chess is handed on an even older game from India. The chess we play today is from Europe. Chess is a two-player game. One play

13、er uses the white pieces, the other uses the black pieces. Each piece moves in a special way. Each player has a piececalled the king.2 . There are a few more rules, but these are the basics. Some people think that chess is more than a game. They think that it makes the mind stronger. 3 . They think

14、about what will happen next. These skills are useful in life and in chess. Chess is kind of like exercise for the mind. There is a kind of chess with short time limits called blitz chess. 4 . The clock runs during each turn. If one runs out of time, he or she will lose. Games of blitz chess are fast

15、-paced. Chess is not just for people. Computers have been playing chess since the 1970s. At first they did not play well. They made mistakes. As time went on, they grew stronger. In 1997, a computer defeat the best player in the world for the first time. It was a computer called Deep Blue. Deep Blue

16、 was big. It took up a whole room. 5 . Chess sure has come a long way. Dont you think so? A. Good chess players use their brains B. By 2006, a cell phone could beat the best players in the worldC. In blitz chess, each player gets ten minutes for the whole game D. People have been playing chess for o

17、ver 500 years E. The game ends when a player loses his or her king （北京东城二模）5The Lost DogOne very cold Saturday in January, I was told to take our dog out for a walk, but it was so cold that I didnt want to go outside. Instead, I just opened the door and let the dog out by himself.However, another ne

18、ighborhood dog quickly ran past our house, and our dog sped after to catch him. 1 . Unfortunately, it was too late, and my dog was gone. I walked a few blocks, but I was unable to find him.Sadly, I returned home. I told my mother what had happened and I said, “I thought he would be able to come back

19、 by himself.”My mother was very angry. 2 . The signs read, “Lost：A big black dog. Please call us right away.” and she printed our phone number on the bottom.I posted the signs along the streets around. The whole time, I was very sad and worried about our dog. 3 . I continued looking for our dog in t

20、he neighborhood, but I didnt see him anywhere. I called out his name, looking in all the backstreets. I got more and more upset. All I wanted was to stay warm, but now I was very cold and so was my dog.Finally, I gave up. 4 “Our dog came back home by himself. So , you were right-he did come back-but

21、 you were wrong, too. You should have been more responsible this morning.” She said.“Yes, I was wrong.”I said in shame.5 . What seems easy at first may turn out to be difficult in the end.A. I thought he must be very coldB. She decided to make some signsC. When I returned, my mother smiledD. I learn

22、ed a very important lesson that dayE. I hurriedly put on my coat and rushed outside（北京西城一模）When we arrived at the Mining Museum, we were taken to a room where we stored our bags. Our guide, Alison, then introduced us to a man named Bruce Binkley who is a miner. Mr. Binkley talked to us about how peo

23、ple used to look for gold.2. It seemed simple. You get a pan, fill it with dirt and water and then swirl(旋动) it around until the big stones are washed out along with other things. Gold, being heavier, is left at the bottom. Next, we walked upstairs to look at pictures, information and samples(样品) of

24、 gold. We filled in a worksheet about the early discoveries of gold in Australia.3. That part was really exciting because you had to imagine that you were a miner digging for gold. Lunch was spent in a nearby park.4. They were yummy! We also played hide-and-seek while we were there. 65. We boarded t

25、he bus and felt very tired. Some children even slept on the bus!It was an enjoyable trip to the Mining Museum. A. I had two ham sandwichesB. Finally, it was time to return to schoolD. He then showed us how to pan for goldE. There were also some interesting gold computer games to play（北京朝阳一模）Crystal

26、(水晶）Shoes“Hi,Jerry!” Kathy ran towards me with a bright smile, saying, “Im going to have a dance performance (表演）tonight. I hope youll come. _1_ , and dont forget!” Then she left in a hurry.“What? Dance? Is that possible?” I asked myself. But Kathy was not such kind of girl, She was a quite common g

27、irl. I had never seen her wearing colorful clothes. In fact, she really did not know how to dress up. What a terrible thing!“I should go. I must go!” I thought._3_, found my seat and sat down. Her performance was the seventh one. I knew I would have a hard time before her turn, for I had no sense of

28、 art. Time went slowly, I tried my best not to fall asleep.Just then, came the words “Lets welcome the next exciting dance Kathy!”Hearing this, I opened my eyes as large as possible, I was afraid to lose anything. Wearing a golden and shining skirt, Kathy appeared _4_, looking like a pretty butterfl

29、y flying. I could hardly believe my eyes._5_, I waited for her at the gate.“ Hi !”She stood in front of me with a big smile. “How do you feel?”“Fantastic!” I answered.“Haha. I knew you would be. ” She could not hide her excitement, laughing like a child.At that time, I realized that every girl has a

30、 pair of special shoes which are like the crystal shoes of Cinderella (灰姑娘）.A. Here is the ticketB. She danced with a sweet smileC. After all the performance endedD. I arrived at the hall with the ticket（北京海淀二模）Driven to See MoviesHave you ever thought of a new idea that you would like to try? In th

31、e 1930s,a 7man named Richard Hollingshead did. He thought of an idea to bring together his two favorite interests: cars and movies. He wanted to start a business. 1 . Richard tested the idea in his driveway. First he put a machine called a movie projector（放映机）on his car. Then he put up a sheet（床单）be

32、tween two trees. The sheet was like the white screen used in theaters. Richard played a movie on the screen using the movie projector. Next, Richard placed a radio behind the sheet. 2 . He tried to test whether the sound could be heard from the car. He rolled his car windows up and down to find the

33、best way to hear the movie. Finally, he tested whether a movie could be seen and heard in the rain. 3 .A. Every test he tried was successfulC. Sound for the movie came from the radioD. People could watch movies from their cars（北京中考）Make good word choices.When were not sure which word is the right on

34、e for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and dont take the time to decide if theyre proper. 2.Check facts.If we want people to believe what we write, we must make sure our facts are true. We should use dependable facts.Rewrite. A common problem is that we dont

35、 like to rewrite. In fact rewriting is the best way to find out and correct some mistakes, like grammar and spelling mistakes. 3, though it takes more time and more work.C. Rewriting makes our writing betterE. Good word choices are necessary for good writing（北京西城二模）Learn to RefuseBelieve it or not,

36、Ive always been a people pleaser. I often put others before myself because I want to make my friends happy. _ (1). “Can you help me with English practice?” Grace asked me on the first day after she became my desk mate. “Of course,” I replied without hesitation (犹豫). Grace has been working really har

37、d on her studies and needed my help although I didnt have much time left for her. One day after school, while I was doing a huge amount of homework, Graces phone call came. She complained a lot and it made me feel bored, but I still felt bad about saying no. When Grace ended the call, the clock said

38、 it was 00:15 am.But I still have homework left and I wanted to sleep. This was bad for a Junior 3 student who is going to take an important exam this June.Finally I burst into tears. I felt so tired and realized that the stress had an effect on my health. I tried to get myself out.Studying is more

39、important than 8other things, so Grace has to come the second. Its now important for me to say no, no, no. “Can you do me a favor?” Grace asked. “Sorry I just have to review my biology notes,” I answered. “All right, its up to you,” she said. _ (4). Anyway, its not so hard to say no at all. B. If an

40、yone asks me for help, I always say, “Yes!”C. I felt completely relaxed when I heard her reply（北京朝阳二模）A Colorful WorldMr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill.They were in the same hospital room. Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon. His bed was next to the only

41、 window of the room. Mr. Martin had to spend all his time lying on his back. So they talked for hours without stopping. 2 .And every afternoon when Mr. Longman could sit up in his bed, he would talk about all the things that he could see outside the window.Mr. Martin believed that his world was made

42、 “larger” by the “colorful” outside world. Out of the window it was a park with a lovely lake. Mr. Longman told Mr. Martin about the beautiful ducks swimming freely on the water, happy children playing around, colorful flowers and big old trees around the lake. 3 , Mr. Martin closed his eyes and tri

43、ed to make the richest pictures for himself in his mind.B. When Mr. Longman told him all thisD. They talked about their families and jobs转折逻辑怎样考？（本部分习题为转折逻辑专项练习）（北京东城一模）Running is free, its easy and now its becoming cool as well. Many people do not have enough time to play a team sport, so instead t

44、hey have started going running. In the past, running in the street was seen as a bit silly. But things are changing._1_.Some people go to lose weight while others go simply to keep fit. Even at 6 oclock in the morning you sometimes see runners in the streets. Scientists say that running is a very go

45、od way to keep fit.Sadly, running is often quite unpopular at school.In some schools when it rains and its too wet to play football or hockey, children have to do cross country running instead. Now as running has become more popular, hopefully more young people will take it up.Every year in April, t

46、he London marathon（马拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(线路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the 9London Eye and Big Ben.People come from all over the world to run in it.Interestingly, marathon running used to be seen as a hard sport, but now even people who are ver

47、y unfit take part in marathons every year!_4_; its because people have become more interested in running.After the marathon every year the streets suddenly become full of runners. People find it so exciting that they want to try it themselves.All you need is a pair of trainers and will power, so wha

48、t are you waiting for?A. Its not because marathons have got easierD. Now, lots of people go out running in their spare time（北京西城二模）One day after school, while I was doing a huge amount of homework, Graces phone call came. She complained a lot and it made me feel bored, but I still felt bad about say

49、ing no. When Grace ended the call, the clock said it was 00:15 am. _ (2). This was bad for a Junior 3 student who is going to take an important exam this June.Finally I burst into tears. I felt so tired and realized that the stress had an effect on my health. I tried to get myself out. Studying is more important than other things, so Grace has to come the second. Its now important for me to say no, no, no. “Can you do me a favor?” Grace asked. “Sorry I just have to review my biology notes,” I answered.