中考英语专题复习专题十九任务型阅读第1讲五选五阅读表达.docx

1、1专题十九任务型阅读第 1 讲（上）北京中考五选五1. 掌握本篇五选五中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握五选五的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇五选五中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过五选五高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及五选五解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种五选五习题。知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于五选五高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译

2、的为差。）掌握情况单词/短语 词性 词义 拓展优 良 差tip n. 小窍门improve v. 提高，改善hand in 上交，提交grade n. 成绩benefit v. 对有益look up 查阅，查找proper adj. 合适的，恰当的dependable adj. 可靠的 v. dependrewrite v. 重写usage n. 使用，用法 v. usenecessary adj. 必要的，必须的 opp. unnecessary教 学目标名 师点拨2explain v. 说明，解释 n. explanation 长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准

3、确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）1. Many of us dont spend a lot of time improving our writing skills.（优 良 差 ）_句意：我们中的许多人不会在提高我们的写作技巧方面花费很多时间。本句涉及高频句型：. “spend time / money on sth.”，意为“在上花费时间（金钱）”；. “spend time / money (in) doing sth.”，意为“花费时间（金钱）做某事”。2. A common problem is that we dont like to rewrite.（优 良

4、差 ）_句意：一个常见的问题是我们不喜欢重写。本句中包含着一个由 that 引导的表语从句。3. Reading aloud helps us not only find out our problems but also develop our writing.（优 良差 ）_句意：大声阅读不仅能帮助我们发现我们的问题，而且能发展我们的写作。本句涉及高频句型 “not onlybut also”，意为“不仅而且”。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于五选五解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解五选五的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够

5、帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了五选五的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、五选五解题步骤第一步 读选项，画关键词，暗排序 通读选项，了解每个选项的意思，做到心中有数，至少能知道可供选择的意思范围，以便在短时间内找出正确答案。第二步 读文章，抓过渡词，找逻辑 通读文章，关注段中各句子之间的逻辑关系，抓住表示并列、转折、因果关系及其他关系的过渡词，为下一步解题做准备。第三步 先易后难来解题 先填较容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或与选项有明显逻辑关系的句子；再填较难的空，这时选择范围会变小，可以反复对比分析，进行选择。第四步 回读文章定答案 全部题目做完后，把所选择的选

6、项代入原文，检查文章前后是否连贯，所选选项是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次确定答案。二、五选五解题技巧在五选五题型中，设空位置一般为三种：段首、段尾和段中。正确选项与空格前后句子关系紧密，主要依赖句子之间的逻辑关系进行选择。接下来将从并列逻辑、转折逻辑、指代逻辑、因果逻辑和总分逻辑五方面进行说明。题型 题型一：并列逻辑解题 如果空格所在段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联3技巧 词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。典题精析例题：Make good word choices. When were not sure which word is

7、the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and dont take the time to decide if theyre proper. 2 .解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格出现在第二段的段末，是用来对第二段的黑体小标题进行解释的，浏览选项可知 E 选项中的关键词 good word choices 与小标题一致，故选 E，意为“好的词汇选择对好的作品是重要的”。答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for

8、 good writing.”题型 题型二：转折逻辑解题技巧1. 空格前后意思相反或矛盾，找含转折含义的选项；2. 选项含转折逻辑，另一种常见的考查方式是空格后对该选项进行详细阐述、说明和例证。典题精析例题：5 . But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles.解析：本题考察的是转折逻辑。根据空格后转折连词 but 可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意为“但是有了简单的几步，我们能够提高我们的写作技巧。”，所以空格处应与其意思相反，故选

9、D，意为“成为一个更好的作家不容易”。答案：D “It is not easy to become a better writer.”题型 题型三：指代逻辑解题技巧1. 如果选项中含有代词，则判断哪个空格前的句中所含有的名词代入后使上下文连贯；2. 如果空格后句中有代词，则判断哪个选项所含名词代入后上下文连贯。典题精析例题：Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(线路) in wh ich runners pass lots of the famous

10、 places like the London Eye and Big Ben._3_.解析：本题考察的是指代逻辑。根据空格所在段第一句 Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place.“伦敦马拉松在每年四月举行”，可知本段讲述的重点为伦敦马拉松，浏览选项可知 B 项 People come from all over the world to run in it.中的 it 代替的是London marathon，故可推断出正确答案。答案：B “People come from all over the world to ru

11、n in it.”题型 题型四：因果逻辑解题技巧如果选项含有因果逻辑词，则判断哪个空格前后句与之符合因果逻辑关系；典题精析例题：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon.（北京朝阳二模五选五）解析：本题考察的是因果逻辑。根据空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman 和 Mr. Martin 都病的很严重”，这是事件的原因，那么空格处应该填的是事件的结果，浏览选项可知应填 C，意为“他们住在相同的病房里”

12、，即可推断出正确答案。答案：C “They were in the same hospital room”.题型 题型五：总分逻辑4解题技巧1. 如果选项的表达类似于“There are mainly three types of ”则该选项一般位于文章较前面的位置，用于引出后文对这几种类型的详细阐述；2. 如果空格位于某段段首，则一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。典题精析例题：Many of us dont spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when

13、we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1 .解析：本题考察的是总分逻辑。浏览全文可以发现本文是一篇“总-分”类型的文章，主要介绍的是一些关于写作的小窍门，而第二段起的一些黑体字则是 tips 的具体内容，所以第一段空格处应填的是一句总述句，故选 B，意为“下面的小窍门可能会有帮助”。答案：B “The following tips can be helpful.”浏览选项（抓住选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号

14、 选项A Prepare a listB The following tips can be helpfulC Rewriting makes our writing betterD It is not easy to become a better writerE Good word choices are necessary for good writing通读文章话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级教育类 说明文 253 5-7 分钟 _/5 Tips for Writing Better ArticlesMany of us dont spend a lot of tim

15、e improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1 .Make good word choices. When were not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choos

16、e words in a hurry and d ont take the time to decide if theyre proper. 2 .Check facts. If we want people to believe what we write, we must make sure our facts are true. We should use dependable facts.Rewrite.A common problem is that we dont like to rewrite. In fact rewriting is the best way to find

17、out and correct some mistakes, like grammar and spelling mistakes. 3 , though it takes more time and more work.Read aloud. Sometimes its easier to find problem with spelling, word usage, and grammar when we read aloud. Reading aloud helps us not only find out our problems but also develop our 语 篇精讲5

18、writing.4 .Preparing a list is necessary for writing a good article. Such a list includes: Is there a proper title? Have we explained every point? Are all the parts of the article included? This can help us to make sure that we have covered everything.5 .But with a few simple steps, we can improve o

19、ur writing skills and learn how to write better articles.A. Prepare a listB. The following tips can be helpfulC. Rewriting makes our writing betterD. It is not easy to become a better writerE. Good word choices are necessary for good writing逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇教育类的说明文，主要介绍了一些如何写出更好的文章的小窍门。1. 解析：本题考察的是总分

20、逻辑。浏览全文可以发现本文是一篇“总-分”类型的文章，主要介绍的是一些关于写作的小窍门，而第二段起的一些黑体字则是 tips 的具体内容，所以第一段空格处应填的是一句总述句，故选 B，意为“下面的小窍门可能会有帮助”。答案：B2. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格出现在第二段的段末，是用来对第二段的黑体小标题进行解释的，浏览选项可知 E 选项中的关键词 good word choices 与小标题一致，故选 E，意为“好的词汇选择对好的作品是重要的”。答案：E3. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格出现在第四段段中，是用来对第四段的黑体小标题进行解释的，浏览选项可知 C 选项中的关键词 Rewr

21、iting 与小标题一致，故选 C，意为“重写能使你的作品更好”。答案：C4. 解析：本题考察的是总分逻辑。空格出现在第六段的段首，根据文章结构可知段首句为段落的主旨句，根据段中关键短语 preparing a list 可判定答案为 A，意为“准备一个列表”。答案：A5. 解析：本题考察的是转折逻辑。根据空格后转折连词 but 可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意为“但是有了简单的几步，我们能够提高我们的写作技巧。”，所以空格处应与其意思相反，故选 D，意为“成为一个更好的作家不容易”。答案：D精讲笔记（学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的五选五的知识和方法）语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累 1

22、0 个）单词 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）6语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握 2 种）并列逻辑 2、3转折逻辑 5指代逻辑因果逻辑总分逻辑 1、4基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语 词性 词义n. 小窍门improve v. hand inn. 成绩benefit v.查阅，查找proper adj.dependable adj.v. 重写usage n. adj. 必要的，必须的explain v. 二、句子英汉互译1. 我花了 20 分钟写这篇作文。_.2. 问题是是否他们能够帮助我们。能 力提升7_.3. Many of us dont spend a lot of

23、 time improving our writing skills._.4. A common problem is that we dont like to rewrite._.5. Reading aloud helps us not only find out our problems but also develop our writing._.阅读练习话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级日常生活类 记叙文 256 5-7 分钟 _/5 A Special DeliveryBen and Sally lived in California with their two

24、daughters. Ben liked travelling. _1_ , but sally stayed home with the girls. Ben and his friends owned a company. People at the company liked to play jokes on each other. One day, Bens friends wanted to play a joke on Ben and Sally. _2_The letter said, Dear Sally. Im having a great time here in Afri

25、ca. Im sending a special gift to you. I hope you like it. Please take good care of it until I get home. Love to you and the kids, Ben BenOn the same day, Sally also got a phone call. The caller told her that a delivery was coming. At one oclock, a truck stopped in front of Sallys house. The truck dr

26、iver gave Sally a rope. An animal was tied to the rope. It was a baby elephant! _3_ , and it began eating grass. Then the driver drove away. Sally stood there and held the rope to the elephant. She asked herself, “What can I feed an elephant with? Bananas?” _4_ . He said, “Its illegal (非法的)to have w

27、ild animal here.” Then the policeman gave Sally a ticket. Bens friends were hiding in the backyard and laughing. They had planned everything perfectly. They had rented (租借)the elephant from a zoo and asked the policeman to write the ticket! Bens friends also made a film of everything. _5_ .When Sall

28、y learned about the truth, she couldnt help laughing. A. So they sent a letter to SallyB. After a while, a policeman cameC. The elephant ran into Sallys yardD. They wanted Ben to watch the videoE. One summer, he went to Africa on a tripA. So they sent a letter to SallyB. After a while, a policeman c

29、ameC. The elephant ran into Sallys yardD. They wanted Ben to watch the videoE. One summer, he went to Africa on a tripA. So they sent a letter to SallyB. After a while, a policeman cameC. The elephant ran into Sallys yardD. They wanted Ben to watch the video8参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语 词性 词义tip n. 小窍门i

30、mprove v. 提高，改善hand in 上交，提交grade n. 成绩benefit v. 对有益look up 查阅，查找proper adj. 合适的，恰当的dependable adj. 可靠的rewrite v. 重写usage n. 使用，用法necessary adj. 必要的，必须的explain v. 说明，解释二、句子英汉互译。1. I spent twenty minutes writing the composition. 2. The question is whether they will be able to help us. 3. 我们中的许多人不会在提

31、高我们的写作技巧方面花费很多时间。4. 一个常见的问题是我们不喜欢重写。5. 大声阅读不仅能帮助我们发现我们的问题，而且能发展我们的写作。阅读练习1. E 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D第 1 讲（下）北京中考阅读表达91. 掌握本篇阅读表达中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读表达的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读表达中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过阅读表达高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读表达解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读表达习题。知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读表达高频词和长难 句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础

32、。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）掌握情况单词/短语 词性 词义 拓展优 良 差dropinto 把扔进sink v. 下沉 过去式：sankpick up 捡起，接载damage v. 损害，毁坏finally adv. 最后，终于actually adv. 实际上，事实上place v. 放置 n. 地方depend on 依赖return v. 返回experiment n. 实验长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师

33、提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）1. Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015.（优 良 差 ）_句意：当 Marianne Winkler 在 2015 年发现这个瓶子的时候，它的旅行结束了。本句包含了一个由 when 引导的时间状语从句。2. The association reported that about 55 percent of the bottles were returned.（优 良 差 ）_句意：据协会报道大约 55%的瓶子被返回了。本句中包含

34、着一个由 that 引导的宾语从句。教 学目标名 师点拨103. They added that the experiment was a success as it showed the east-to-west flow of the North Seas currents.（优 良 差 ）_句意：他们补充到这个实验是一个成功因为它展示了北海水流的东西方向流动。本句中包含着一个由 that 引导的原因状语从句，as 翻译为“因为，由于”。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读表达解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读表达的命题逻辑, 在

35、有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读表达的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读表达解题步骤第一步 认真审题，读懂题意 做题时我们应先阅读所给的任务，明确任务是什么，再带着任务去阅读材料，这样就能做到心中有数，有针对性的去读，并能提高阅读效率。第二步 快速浏览，掌握大意 明确任务后，应迅速阅读全文来了解文章主要内容，以及文章的感情基调，作者的意图、态度倾向。第三步 细读题目， 完成任务 泛读全文之后，就可以采用“跳读”的方式来寻找细节在原文中的对应，“跳读”的目的就是为细节寻找答案。第四步 复读文章，核实任务 完成所有任务后，还应结合题目

36、再把全文通读一遍，认真核实答案，要注意句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓一致等。二、阅读表达解题技巧在阅读表达题型中，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，去完成一项任务或解决一个问题，主要考察学生捕捉信息的能力，综合概括信息的能力和组织信息的能力。接下来将从细节题，是非题，主旨题和活用题四种题型的解题技巧进行讲解。题型 题型一：细节题解题技巧细节题一般对人，事，地点，时间，原因及方式等进行提问，首先要审清题目要求，然后找出题目在文中出现的对应段落，直接作答或用自己的话进行转述。设题方式1. What is the writers question in Letter A?2. Where we

37、re the researchers from? 3. Who can help shy people?4. Why did Burton decide to have the slides painted? 5. When was Burton Holmes born? 6. How are parents jobs different from childrens jobs according to Letter A. 典题精析On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Se

38、a. The weig hted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.问题：How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea?解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“这个玻璃瓶在海里移动了多长时间？”，根据关键词“the weighted glass bottle move in the sea”可将答案锁定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almo

39、st to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 11days.”，故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。答案：For 108 years and 138 days. 题型 题型二：是非题解题技巧提问形式为一般疑问句，首先锁定范围，在范围内划出依据，然后使用 Yes / No 作答。设题方式1. Do parents have homework according to letter B?2. Is being shy always a big problem according to

40、the passage?3. Could Francis and Craig read the “map” of DNA in 2000?4. Will the step-by-step guide show you how to start a club?典题精析Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the

41、 beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didnt break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didnt want to damage it. 问题：Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in 2015?解析：本题为是非题。题干意为“Marianne Winkler 是在 2015 年发现这个瓶子的吗？”，根据第二段第一句 Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bot

42、tle in 2015.可以判定答案是肯定的，故填“Yes”。答案：Yes.题型 题型三：主旨题解题技巧抓住文章结构，先总后分，先分后总还是总分总，确定总写在篇首还是篇尾，然后作答。如果不符合上述几种情况，则综合全文或段落，用自己的话进行概括。中考阅读表达中的主旨大意题一般由两点或三点构成，常用的句型有：1. 介绍某个物体，新兴事物或抽象概念时：Whatis.2. 介绍某个人物时：Whois.3. 介绍做某事的方法时：How to do / How 4. 介绍某事物的优/缺点时：The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of 例 1. What is

43、the passage mainly about?解答：What shyness is and how to deal with it. 例 2. What is the main idea of the passage?解答：How to run a studio system? 例 3. What is the passage mainly about?解答：Who Andrew Matthews is and his book.设题方式1. What is the passage mainly about?2. What does the writer main ly tell us i

44、n passage?3. What is the main idea of paragraph 4?4. What do you learn from this story?5. What is the purpose of this passage?典题精析Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire

45、 fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除） dead wood. Of course, they carefully 12control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威胁）to people, firefighters may let it

46、 burn naturally.问题：What is the main idea of paragraph 4?解析：本题为段落主旨题。题干意为“第四段的主要意思是什么？”，根据第四段段首句可知“澳大利亚允许更多的火自然燃烧”，而后面的内容解释的是这样做的原因是保持森林健康，综合这两点并运用 in order to 短语即可得出正确答案，应填 “In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.”。答案：In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.题型 题型四：活用题解题技巧主观性最强，需要