2018年中考英语试题分项版解析汇编（第03期）专题12补全对话及短文填空（词或句子）或语法填空（含解析）.doc

1、1补全对话及短文填空（词或句子）或语法填空1.【2018 年四川省宜宾】阅读下面短文，把 A、B、C、D 四个句子填入文中空缺处，使短文内容完整、正确。Once, when the food we ordered at a restaurant arrived, the first thing we wanted to do was to eat right away._37_ Others want to take at least five photos of their food to share on social media, such as Wechat._38_ “Foodtog

2、raphy” has been around for longer than one would expect. Take USphotographer Irving Penn (1917-2009) for example. In 1947, Vogue magazine published many food photos taken by Penn. Looking at the carefully put salad ingredients or the cakes on stands(货 架), it would be easy to think Penns 70-year-old

3、photos were taken just last week.Besides Penns efforts, it seems that social media is behind the recent rise of foodtography._39_And the star posts just one delicious-looking food picture with the place where it was taken. It can bring hundreds of new customers for the restaurant.So while its fun to

4、 share pictures of delicious dishes with your friends, just remember the most important thing: _40_A. Dont forget to eat your meal afterwards.B. But now, some people just want to eat their meal.C. Today, a social media star may have thousands of fans. 2D. In fact, taking pictures before meals is not

5、 a recent thing.【答案】37. B 38. D 39. C 40. A【解析】文章讲述了现在一些人喜欢在社交媒体上分享美食。39. 根据 And the star posts just one delicious-looking food picture with the place where it was taken. It can bring hundreds of new customers for the restaurant.和选项可知，这里应是今天一个网红有成千上万的粉丝；故选 C40. 根据 So while its fun to share pictures

6、of delicious dishes with your friends, just remember the most important thing.和选项可知，这里应是不要忘了吃饭，这才是最重要的；故选 A2.【2018 年四川省宜宾】阅读下面短文，根据音标、单词、首字母和语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单 词，要求意义准确、拼写正确。In China, you can travel to all corners of this big country by bus or train. Its surprising what China has done in the past t

7、en _41_(year) in terms of train travel it now has the_42_ (big) high-speed railway network in _43_ world. The high-speed trains are great, and a_44_/l/ train journey in China is a great way to see the country.China is a huge, fascinating country with so much to see. A_45_ a student, I love traveling

8、 _46_ my parents, from big cities, to seaside hot spots, to holy mountains, to national parks, to historical sites and to _47_ /sm:l/ villages far away._48_ (get) out of your comfortable home here to some unknown places is a good experience as well. And you can eat local food, and_49_ (real) reach t

9、he heart of the country.I always love traveling outside Yibin to see our _50_(beauty) country China.【答案】41. years 42. biggest 343. the 44. long 45. with 46. As 47. small 48. Getting 49. really 50. beautiful【解析】文章讲述了现在在中国乘高铁旅游很方便和作者喜欢去旅游的一些情况。41. 句意：在过去的十年中国在乘火车旅游上做的是很让人惊讶的。根据 ten 可知用复数；故填 years 42.

10、句意：现在它有世界上最高速的火车网 。根据 in _3_ world.可知用最高级；故填 biggest 43. 句意：现在它有世界上最高速的火车网 。根据 in the world 在世界上；故填 the44. 句意：在中国乘火车长途旅游是游览国家的好方式。根据/l/和形容词修饰名词 journey，可知是长的；故填 long 45. 句意：作为一名学生，我喜欢和父母旅游。根据句意和首字母；故填 As46. 句意：作为一名学生，我喜欢和父母旅游。根据句意可知是和父母旅游；故填 with47. 句意：从大城市到遥远的小村庄。根据音标 /sm:l/和 villages 可知是小的；故填 smal

11、l48. 句意：从你的舒服的家里出来，到不知名的地方去也是一个很好地体验。根据动词做句子的主语通常用动名词和不定式，动名词做主语通常表示普通的，一般的行为，不定式做主语通常表示某次具体的行为；故填 Getting 49. 句意：你能吃当地的食物，真正到达祖国的腹地。根据副词修饰动词 reach；故填 really 50. 句意：我总是喜欢去宜宾外旅游，看看我们美丽的国家中国。根据形容词修饰名词 country；故填 beautiful3.【2018 年浙江省金华】阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词Have you ever heard of “Nation

12、al Smile Month“? It started on the 14th of_36_(五月) in the UK. During this month, people are made to think about the importance of brushing their teeth, _37_ (吃)less sweet foods and going to see the _38_ (医生)from time to time.The British are_39_（出名的） for their bad teeth Even a dictionary has the expr

13、ession“ British Smile”， meaning“ Any smile with bad teeth_40_（然而）， in America，the“ Holly wood Smile” gets its name because American movie_41_(明星)are so proud to show off their beautiful teeth.4But what about smiling in the UK? Do the British smile a lot, or do they look _42_(悲伤的)all the time? Its sa

14、id that the British dont often show their feelings. But actually it all _43_ (取决于) on the situation. For example, Britain doesnt _44_ (允许) smiling in passport photos. But if you are at a party, youIl find everyone smiling _45_（开心地） and loudly.So, the British smile as much as anyone else.【答案】36. May

15、37. eating/having 38. doctor/doctors 39. wellknown 40. However 41. stars 42. sad 43. depends 44. allow 45. happily【解析】短文介绍了英国所设立的“国家微笑月”，旨在唤起人们对保护牙齿的重视程度。在这个月，人们开始思考刷牙，少吃甜食，经常去看医生的重要性。 36. 句意：在英国，它开始于五月十四日。根据汉语提示可知，答案为 May。37. 句意：在这个月，人们开始思考刷牙，少吃甜食，经常去看医生的重要性。the importance of意思是“的重要性”，of 后面的成分为宾语，此

16、处与 brushing their teeth 是并列的成分，因此要用动名词的形式，故答案为 eating/having。40. 句意：然而，在美国，“好莱坞微笑”之所以得名，是因为美国电影明星非常骄傲地炫耀他们美丽的牙齿。根据汉语提示可知，此处考查连词 however，表示转折关系，句首注意首字母大写，故答案为However。41. 句意：然而，在美国，“好莱坞微笑”之所以得名，是因为美国电影明星非常骄傲地炫耀他们美丽的牙齿。根据 are 判断，句子的主语为名词的复数形式，故答案为 stars。42. 句意：英国人经常微笑吗？或者他们看起来总是很悲伤？look 为系动词，后跟形容词作表语，根

17、据汉5语提示可知，答案为 sad。43. 句意：但实际上一切都取决于具体情况。depend on 依靠，依赖，通过前后句子的时态判断，此句的时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数 it，动词要用三单式，故答案为 depends。44. 句意：英国不允许在护照照片上微笑。allow doing sth.允许做某事，助动词 doesnt 后跟动词原形，故答案为 allow。45. 句意：但是如果你在一个聚会上，你会发现每个人都开心而大声地微笑。副词修饰动词，根据汉语提示可知，答案为 happily。点睛：本题考查单词拼写，是把单词放到语篇中去检测，考查的是学生的综合理解能力以及对知识的灵活运用能力。

18、学生不仅要理解短文大意，还要具体把握每个单句的意思，根据汉语提示去判断所要填入的单词是否要发生变化。如第 2 小题是考查动名词作宾语，而第 6 小题则是考查名词的复数形式，第 8 小题是考查动词的三单形式。需要同学们做这类题时一定要谨慎。4.【2018 年浙江省金华】阅读下面短文，在空自处填入一个适当的词，或填人括号中所给单词的正确形式。Joseph is a teacher in New York. He gives lessons to _46_ (he) students about American history. But he was born _47_Kenya, an Afri

19、can country where the children lead a very different life. For example, a ten-year-old boy may spend_48_ (much)time in taking care of cows than studying at school. The children also learn many _49_(skill) like how to live in the wild.Unlike many other children, Joseph went to school. And _50_ (lucky

20、), when he was 15, he came_51_ (study) in America and then became a teacher. Joseph has written _52_ book called Facing the Lion. In the book, he talks about his childhood. He thinks _53_ is very important for American children to learn about the cultural differences between their country _54_the ot

21、hers. He also thinks children should learn to be strong and full of hope. Now Joseph_55_ (do)a project, hoping that it will help children face their own“ lions”.【答案】46. his 47. in 48. more 49. skills 50. luckily 51. to study 52. a 53. it 654. and 55. is doing【解析】短文介绍了一位叫约瑟夫的老师。他出生在非洲的肯尼亚，15 岁的时候，他来到

22、美国学习，后来成为一名教师，给学生们讲授美国历史。他认为了解美国和其他国家的文化差异对美国孩子来说是非常重要。现在正在做一个希望工程。46. 句意：他给学生们讲授美国历史。形容词性物主代词修饰名词 students，故答案为 his。47. 句意：但他出生在非洲的肯尼亚。Kenya 是非洲的一个国家，在某个国家要用介词 in，故答案为 in。48. 句意：一个十岁的男孩可能会花更多的时间来照顾奶牛而不是在学校学习。根据句中的连词 than 判断，此句是一个比较级的句子，much 的比较级为 more。49. 句意：孩子们也学到了很多技能，比如如何在野外生活。many 后跟可数名词的复数形式，故

23、答案为skills。50. 句意：幸运的是，当他 15 岁的时候，他来到美国学习，后来成为一名教师。作为一个贫困地区的孩子有机会到美国学习是幸运的，此处要用副词来修饰后面的整个句子，故答案为 luckily。51. 句意：幸运的是，当他 15 岁的时候，他来到美国学习，后来成为一名教师。动词不定式用作目的状语，到美国是来学习的，故答案为 to come。52. 句意：约瑟夫写了一本叫面向狮子的书。一本叫做的书，表示泛指，book 是以辅音音素开头前面用不定冠词 a。53. 句意：他认为了解美国和其他国家的文化差异对美国孩子来说是非常重要的。it 是省略 that 的宾语从句中的形式主语，后面的

24、动词不定式是真正的主语。故答案为 it。54. 句意：他认为了解美国和其他国家的文化差异对美国孩子来说是非常重要的。between and在和之间。结合句意可知，答案为 and。55. 句意：现在约瑟夫正在做一个希望工程。根据 now 判断，句子的时态为现在进行时，其构成为 am / is / are + doing，主语是第三人称单数，故答案为 is doing。5.【2018 年浙江省绍兴中考】阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式（每空一词）。Curt von Badinski is an engineer of a company in San Francisco.

25、_36_（然而）， his home is in Los Angeles， which is 770 _37_（英里） away from his workplace， so he has to take a plane work and back.Every workday morning， von Badinski gets up at 5 a.m. for the 15-minute drive to the airport. After_38_停放） his car， he goes straight to take the plane. After a90- minute fligh

26、t，he_39_（着陆）atOakland Airport and drives to his company. The _40_（整个的）trip takes him about 3 hours7Von Badinski pays the airline 2， 300 dollars monthly so that he can fly _41_（自由地）at any time toand from San FranciscoFlying to work every day is not_42_（容易的）for von Badinski because he can only sleep f

27、ive hoursevery night， but he believes_43_（没有什么） could be more important to him than his family. He hadabout several ways to solve the problem，_44_（包括）moving his family to San Francisco， butnone of them worked.The six hour round trip shows that I have the _45_（能力）to have all the things I want， heexpl

28、ains. I am always excited to start a new day.【答案】36. However 37. miles 38. parking 39. lands 40. whole 41. freely 42. easy 43. nothing 44. including 45. ability【解析】Curt von Badinski 先生在旧金山工作，而他的家在洛杉矶，因此他每天都乘坐飞机上下班，路途上要花费六个小时的时间。尽管这意味着他每天只能睡五个小时，但为了家人他乐意这样做。36. 句意：然而，他的家在洛杉矶，距离他工作的地点有 770 英里远，因此他不得不乘

29、坐飞机去工作然后回来。however 然而，表示转折，是一个副词，常位于句首或句中，后面有逗号与句子隔开。37. 句意：然而，他的家在洛杉矶，距离他工作的地点有 770 英里远，因此他不得不乘坐飞机去工作然后回来。mile 英里，是一个名词。根据句意和空前的 770 可知，这里应用复数形式，故填 miles。40. 句意：整个旅程花费他大约 3 个小时。whole 整个的，是一个形容词，放在定冠词 the 的后面，修饰后面的名词 trip。841. 句意：Von Badinski 每月付给航空公司 2,300 美元，这样他就可以在任何时间自由地飞往旧金山或者从旧金山回来。freely 自由地，

30、是一个副词，修饰句中的动词 fly。42. 句意：对于 Von Badinski 来说，每天乘坐飞机去上班并不容易，因为他每晚只能睡 5 个小时。easy容易的，是一个形容词，空前 is 是系动词，这里跟形容词作表语。43. 句意：但是他认为对于他来说没有什么比他的家人更重要。nothing 没有什么，是一个否定意思的不定代词。根据句子结构可知，believes 后面跟了一个宾语从句，nothing 是从句中的主语。44. 句意：他有很多种方法来解决这个问题，包括把他的家搬到旧金山，但是没有一个方法管用。include 包括，是一个动词。根据句子结构可知，这句话中已经有了谓语动词 had，这里

31、应填非谓语动词形式。空后表示的是“包括的内容”，这里应用现在分词 including。45. 句意：他解释说：“每天来回六个小时的旅程表明我有能力拥有我想要的所有东西。”ability 能力，是一个名词。这里使用了固定句型 have the ability to do sth 有能力做某事。 6.【2018 年浙江省绍兴中考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。This is Tammela School, a primary school in Finland. The students are having a math class with their

32、 robot teacher. The “teacher” is_46_small, blue machine about 25cm high, Reuters reported. Whenever students have problems, it helps them very_47_(patient) and never gets bored.“The robot can make students_48_(active) in class than usual. I see Elias as one of the_49_(tool) to get different kinds of

33、 practice and activities into the classroom,” a teacher told Reuters.So far the school_50_(introduce) four robot teachers, one of whom is a language teacher that can speak 23 languages and dance to music. “_51_is necessary to encourage kids to come up_52_new ways to make use of technology in school

34、life,” the head of the school_53_(add) in the interview.The robot teachers are used_54_(help) improve learning. This doesnt mean that human 9teachers will lose their jobs. The robots can teach well,_55_they are not able to keep class in order. The school still needs human teachers.【答案】46. a 47. pati

35、ently 48. more active 49. tools 50. has introduced 51. It 52. with 53. added 54. to help 55. but【解析】这篇短文给我们介绍了芬兰的一所小学使用机器人老师上课，让学生们变得更加活跃、积极，提高了学生们的学习状态。但同时机器人老师也有它的不足之处。46. 句意：这个“老师”是一个小的、蓝色的机器，大约 25 厘米高。a 不定冠词，修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指“一个”。根据句意和句子结构可知，这个空后的名词 machine 是单数，且这里表示泛指，故应填 a。47. 句意：不管什么时候学生们有问题，它都会非

36、常耐心的帮助他们，从来不会感到厌烦。patient 有耐心的，是一个形容词。根据句子结构可知，这个词是来修饰句子的谓语动词 helps 的，应用副词形式，故这里填 patiently。48. 句意：这个机器人使学生们变得比平常更加的活跃。active 积极的，活跃的，是一个形容词。根据句意和句中的 than 可知，这里表示与平时状态的一个对比，应用形容词的比较级形式，故填 more active。49. 句意：我认为 Elias 是一种把实践和活动融入课堂的工具。tool 工具，是一个名词。句中使用的句型是 one of表示“之一”，后面跟名词的复数，故这里填 tools。50. 句意：到目前

37、为止，这个学校已经引进了四个机器人老师。introduce 介绍，引进， 是一个动词。根据句意和句中的时间状语 So far 可知，这个短语的意思是“到目前为止”，常和现在完成时态搭配使用，have/has+过去分词，主语是 the school，为单数，故这里填 has introduced。51. 句意：有必要鼓励孩子们想出新的办法在学校生活中利用科技。这句话中使用的是一个固定句型，It is +形容词+to do sth.做某事是的，其中 It 是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故这里填 It。52. 句意：有必要鼓励孩子们想出新的办法在学校生活中利用科技。这里考查的是一个固定短语 c

38、ome up with，意思是“想出，提出”，故这里填介词 with。53. 句意：校长在采访中补充说。add 增加，补充，是一个动词。根据文意可知，这个对校长的采访是已经发生的事情了，所以这里应用一般过去时态，填过去式 added。54. 句意：机器人老师被用来帮助提高学习。help 帮助，可以做动词和名词。这句话中使用了句型 be 10used to do sth.被用来做某事，因此这里填动词不定式 to help。55. 句意：这些机器人可以教得很好，但是他们不能够维持课堂秩序。根据句意可知，空前的 teach well和空后的 they are not able to keep cla

39、ss in order.在意思上是转折的，故这里填连词 but，意思是“但是”。点睛：这篇短文给我们介绍了芬兰的一所小学使用机器人老师上课，让学生们变得更加活跃、积极。但同时机器人老师也有它的不足之处。短文内容比较容易理解，题型是语法填空，考查学生们在具体语境中使用语言的能力。做题时，应先通读全文，掌握大意，然后根据文意做题。这个题目考查的形式有两种，一种是在空后给出提示词，这时我们要注意使用单词的正确形式。常考查实词的用法，如名词的单复数、动词的时态、语态、形容词和副词的词性转化以及比较级和最高级的用法等。例如第 2 小题，所给单词patient 是形容词，而在句中它是来修饰动词 helps

40、 的，应用副词形式，故变为 patiently。另一中考查形式是没有给提示词，这时常考查一些虚词的用法，如冠词、介词、连词等。例如第 7 小题，考查了固定短语 come up with，想出、提出，故这里填 with。7.【2018 年浙江省绍兴中考】阅读下面特料，从方框中所给的 A 一 D 四个选项中选择正确的小标题，将其序号填入 71 一 74 题，并回答Are You Ready For High School？If you can do these things by the time you go to high school， youll get on well with othe

41、rs in higihool71 A little respect （尊重）goes a long way. don t help yourself to her personal things in the room， and lether know if you plan to treat friends there. If you dont feel like youre being treated fairly， have a talk face .72 The first meeting with someone really does matter. To make an imme

42、diate connection， look a personthe eye and give a firm handshake. Keep eye contact while youre chatting and mention the persorwhen saying goodbye.73 One study found that holding something in can make you feel lonely and sad. So for your healthfriendships， write down the secret in a safe place instea

43、d of talking about others in public.1174 If someone did something nice for you-a gift， some help， nows the time to take out your pen！ Sendingthe person a handwritten note card within 48 hours afterward is a sign that you really have it together.A.A.Keep a SecretB.Be the Best RoommateC.Make a Great F

44、irst ImpressionD.Write a Fantastic Thank You Note.56. _57. _58. _59. _60. Please give one more suggestion on how to get on well with others.（回答不多于 5 个单词）_【答案】56. B 57. C 58. A 59. D 60. Keep smiling. /Be ready to help others. /Be a good listener.【解析】初中毕业，同学们马上就要进入高中了，在新的学校里，我们会遇到很多新的人，那么如何与新同学们友好相处呢

45、？这篇短文给我们提出了一些有用的建议。57. 根据这一段中 The first meeting with someone really does matter.可知，与这个人的第一次见面是非常重要的，也就是你给别人留下的第一印象，所以这一段的标题应该是 C，留下好的第一印象。58. 根据这一段中 So for your health and friendships， write down the secret in a safe place instead of talking about others in public.可知，这里要我们把秘密写在一个安全的地方，而不是在公共场合谈论这些秘密

46、。所以这一段的标题应该是 A Keep a secret 保守秘密。59. 根据这一段中 If someone did something nice for you-a gift， some help， nows the time to take out your pen！可知，别人为我们做了一些好事，那么作者建议我们拿起笔来，即让我们写信感12谢对方，因此这一段的标题应该是 D Write a Fantastic Thank You Note.60. 这是一个开放性的问题，题目是如何与别人好好相处，让我们写出自己的建议。学生们应从自己的日常生活中的体验考虑，写出一条建议，不能超过 5 个单词

47、。例如 Keep smiling 微笑；Be ready to help others 乐于助人等等都是可以的。8.【2018 年甘肃省白银】用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯，每个单词或短语限用一次。first, only, use, it, dream of, another, speak, with, sea, easyEnglishWorld LanguageOnce people _56_a language that everybody in the world could understand. Now, for the_57_time in human

48、 history, perhaps there is oneEnglish. It is the official language in more than 50 countries and 250-300 million people_58_it as a second language. Some say that half the world will be speaking it in the year 2050.Difficult to Master?English is not the _59_language to learn-most of its common verbs are irregular and it has a large vocabulary-at least 200, 000 words are in common use.User-friendlyBut some things make_