2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（4）（含解析）.doc

1、12019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（4）李仕才AIn a bid to convince drivers in Aichi Prefecture to keep their hands on the wheel and their eyes on the road，a new Japanese smartphone app offers free coffee coupons(优惠券)to drivers who dont check their phones for at least 100 km.For the last 13 years，Aichi Prefecture has r

2、ecorded the highest rate of death in traffic accidents in Japan.Last year，there were 443,691 accidents that resulted in injuries or deaths，and 50,101 arrests involving the use of smartphones while driving.With handhelds becoming such a big part of peoples lives，there appears to be an increase in vio

3、lations of this nature，and authorities have yet to come up with an effective plan to deal with the problem.Interestingly，a Japanese company seems to think that a creative new app could in some way help drivers to keep themselves from checking their phones at the wheel and reduce the number of traffi

4、c accidents.Toyota Motor Corporation，Komeda Coffee and KDDI Corporation of Communication have teamed up to create Driving Barista，an app that uses the phones sensor to sense the tilt(倾斜)of the device，and the GPS to determine the distance driven.This allows it to calculate the number of kilometers a

5、driver has traveled with the smartphone facing down.When Driving Barista determines that the smartphone has not been checked for at least 1 00 kilometers，it will reward the driver with a coupon for a cup of blended or iced coffee at a Komeda Coffee Shop.The reward is earned after every 100 kilometer

6、s driven without checking the phone.If you try to change the number before it reaches 100 km，the app will reset back at 0 km.Toyota claims that this is the first smartphone app that attempts to deal with traffic safety issues.“In line with contributing to the final goal of achieving zero death and z

7、ero traffic accidents，Toyota has taken automobile safety measures as one of its top priority management concerns， ”said Shuichi Murakami，managing officer at Toyota.“By carrying out a new traffic safety regulations together with Komeda Coffee and KDDI，we hope to further reduce traffic accidents.”文章大意

8、：文章以爱知县和日本的交通状况为线索，谈到政府和一些汽车企业为降低因2使用手机带来的交通事故而发明的一种新设备。1 “The wheel”in Paragraph l actually refers to_D_.解析：词义推断题。从文章前两段可知，这里的 wheel指的是方向盘，即让司机全神贯注于驾驶。2What can we learn about Japans traffic from the passage？_A_AOver 50,000 Japanese drivers got arrested for phone use while driving.BThe final goal o

9、f achieving zero traffic accidents will soon come true.CAichi Prefecture no longer tops the list in Japans traffic death rates.D443,691 people died or got injured in last years traffic accidents.3What do we know about Driving Barista？_A_AIt encourages driving without checking smartphones.BIt is crea

10、ted by several Japanese motor companies.CIt determines the distance the driver has driven.DIt can be placed in any position by the drivers.4Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？_B_ASmartphonesthe No.1 killer in drivingBAn app to control smartphone use in drivingCDrivers，do yo

11、u like coffee?DJapans new traffic regulations解析：主旨大意题。本文的核心就是介绍这个装置的发明和使用，因此选 B。其余三项都不是文章核心内容。B(2015呼和浩特第二次调研)3A lot of us think that we should visit the dentist every six months. Whether those checkups are really necessary is, however, a matter of debate. In 2014, threequarters of dentists surveyed

12、 in New York were recommending sixmonthly checkups, despite the absence of evidence. Today，many organizations still recommend sixmonthly checkups. But for several decades some have been arguing that the choice of six months as the ideal space between visits is rather questionable.For example, Aubrey

13、 Sheiham, a professor of dental public health, published a paper complaining about the lack of evidence for sixmonthly checkups. Almost 40 years, hes still making the same point.Last year the Cochrane Collaboration performed a review of the research that had been done and they were disappointed with

14、 what they found. The quality and quantity of the research was simply too poor to back up the idea of sixmonthly checkups.Theres something else we have to bear in mind. Even when a study finds, for example, that children who go to the dentist frequently have fewer fillings, there may be other factor

15、s(因素) at work. Those same children may have other advantages: they may eat more healthily and have better quality dental equipment.How often should you visit the dentist，then? Bodies like Nice, which 4provides guidance for the National Health Service in England and Wales, say that the frequency of d

16、ental visits all depends on the individual. They recommend that children go at least once a year because their teeth can decay(蛀蚀) faster, while adults without problems can wait as long as two years. They even go as far as to say that longer than two years is OK for people who have shown commitment

17、to caring for their teeth.Where does this leave the rest of us the next time we receive a card in the mail reminding us our next dental visit is due? Wed all like an excuse to go less often, and the good news is that if you dont have any problems you can probably wait a little longer than six months

18、 between visits.But exactly how long you can wait before your appointment with the dentists chair will depend on the assessment you and your dentist make of your own risk.1Who supports sixmonthly dental checkups?AAll the dentists. BMany organizations.CAubrey Sheiham. DThe National Health Service.2Th

19、e research may not prove the idea of sixmonthly checkups because _Athere might be other factors at workBthe number of the subjects was bigCthe researchers were not qualified5Dthere was a lack of quality dental equipment3We can learn from the last two paragraphs that _Athe frequency of dental visits

20、varies for different peopleBpeople often find excuses to avoid the next dental visit Cpeople should decide when to go to the dentist by themselvesDthe healthier a person is, the less frequent the dental visits are4What is the best title for this passage?AHow can we go to the dentist less?BWhy do we

21、need to visit our dentist?CHow often do we need to visit our dentist?DWho should go to the dentist frequently?【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。很多牙医和护牙组织都认为，我们应该每六个月去检查一次牙齿。但是经过许多研究，并没有找到可以支持这种观点的合理性的确切证据。因此作者认为，我们多长时间去看一次牙医可以取决于个人的实际情况。1解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Today，many organizations still recommend sixmonthly checku

22、ps.”可知，现在有很多组织都建议人们每六个月就去做一次牙齿检查。故答案选 B。根据第一段第三句“In 2014，threequarters of dentists surveyed.sixmonthly checkups”可知，有四分之三的牙医推荐人们每六个月做一次牙齿检查，故 A项错误；根据第一段倒数第二句可知，Aubrey Sheiham 认为每六个月去检查一次缺乏证据，故 C项错误；根据第四段第二句可知，国民医疗保健服务认为看牙医的频率应取决于个人情况，故 D项错误。2解析：选 A。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中“there may be other factors(因素)at wor

23、k”可知，这项研究可能无法证实人们应该每六个月去做一次牙齿检查的这种观点是因为：可能有其他一些因素在起作用。故答案选 A。63解析：选 A。推理判断题。通读最后两段并根据第四段第二句中“the frequency of dental visits all depends on the individual”可知，多长时间去看一次牙医取决于个人情况，即看牙医的频率因人而异。故答案选 A。4解析：选 C。标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讨论的是人们应该多久去做一次牙齿检查。C 项意为“我们需要多久去看一次牙医？” ，体现了本文的中心，适合做标题。故答案选 C。CIn modern socie

24、ty there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many c

25、hildren who held the belief that their selfworth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs. In their singleminded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.However, while

26、some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the_most_vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their pare

27、nts or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try.” What is not usually admitted by the

28、mselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones selfrespect relies on how

29、well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章首先提出论点“现代社会关于竞争有很多争议” ，然后详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法。1What does this passage mainly talk about?ACo

30、mpetition helps to set up selfrespect.7BOpinions about competition are different among people.CCompetition is harmful to personal quality development.DFailures are necessary experiences in competition.答案：B 主旨大意题。根据文章首句“In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.”可知，现代社会关于竞

31、争有很多争议。下文内容围绕这一点详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法，因此这便是文章的中心论点。故 B项正确。2Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?AIt builds up a sense of duty.BIt pushes society forward.CIt improves personal abilities.DIt encourages individual efforts.答案：B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Some value it highly, believing that it i

32、s responsible for social progress and prosperity.”可知，有人认为竞争是社会进步和繁荣的动力。故 B项正确。3The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means _.Athose who try their best to winBthose who value competition most highlyCthose who are against competition most stronglyDthose who rely on others most for succ

33、ess答案：C 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，有些人渴望成功，而有些人持相反的态度。在只注重赢家而不注意普通人的文化价值观下，他们强烈谴责竞争。其中最直言不讳的就是那些来自父母和社会的竞争压力下挣扎的年轻人。根据“Among”可知，画线词是指上文提到的那些强烈谴责竞争的人。故 C项正确。4What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”？AOnes worth lies in his performance compared with others.BOnes success i

34、n competition needs great efforts.COnes achievement is determined by his particular skills.DOnes success is based on how hard he has tried.答案：A 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that

35、 ones selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.”可知，A 项正确。5Which point of view may the author agree to?8AEvery effort should be paid back.BCompetition should be encouraged.CWinning should be a lifeanddeath matter.DFear of failure should be removed in competition.答案：D 推理判断

36、题。根据最后一段最后一句“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.”不难看出作者的态度；只有消除竞争中的畏惧心理，我们才能发现竞争的意义。故 D项正确。D(2015河南高考适应性测试)Registration is Now Open for Summer.Request_a_brochure_or_apply_today!The Great Books Summer Program is an experi

37、ence like no other in American education. For the past thirteen years, GBSP has gathered exceptional middle and high school students from across the world to read, discuss and debate selections from the greatest works of literature, experience collegelevel discussions and seminars, and enjoy summer

38、fun with other literaryminded students. We offer summer camps at Stanford University, Amherst College and Oxford University.A Sample of Life at Great Books: Read and discuss the likes of Plato, Jefferson, Tolstoy, Borges and Vonnegut with an international community of literatureloving students and d

39、istinguished college faculty. Then join our arts and literature electives to write in a creative fiction workshop, paint “en pleinair” ， learn a new instrument, act in a Shakespeare play, or closely read a Russian novel with a group of new friends. Join us in the evening for a camp dance, ice cream

40、social or for a surprise guest speaker.perhaps a 9Pulitzerprize winning author or celebrated movie director！Enjoy a worldclass university campus. Make friendships that will last a lifetime.The Student Experience: Find your voice in the classroom. The Great Books Summer Reading Program gives students

41、 the opportunity to grow academically and socially as they prepare for high school or college. Open discussions encourage students to express themselves and give power to their ideas. Students gain confidence in their ability to read a text closely and express their ideas clearly both verbally and i

42、n writing.Three Distinguished Campuses: Amherst College in Massachusetts, Stanford University in California and our inaugural session at Oxford University in Oxford, England. This is the perfect opportunity to preview life on a college campus!Dont miss your chance to join students from 49 states and

43、 29 countries in this unique learning experience! Space is limited. Register_today!1Who can register GBSP?ACelebrated movie directors. BDistinguished college faculty.CPulitzerprize winning authors. DMiddle and high school students.2Those who take part in GBSP will _Ahave the privilege to apply for t

44、he universities mentioned in the textBbe honored at a special ceremony at Oxford University in Oxford, EnglandCbe offered the great works of Plato, Jefferson, Tolstoy, Borges and 10VonnegutDhave the opportunity to grow academically and socially for future development3What type of writing is this tex

45、t?AA book review.BAn official report.CAn advertisement.DAn exhibition guide.【解题导语】 本文是一则广告，主要介绍了暑期名著阅读计划。5解析：选 D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“GBSP has gathered exceptional middle and high school students from across the world”可知，初高中学生可以加入暑期阅读计划。故答案选 D。6解析：选 D。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The Great Books Summer Reading Progra

46、m gives students the opportunity to grow academically and socially as they prepare for high school or college.”可知，为了学生将来的发展，GBSP 会给学生提供发展学术和增进社交能力的机会。故答案选 D。7解析：选 C。推理判断题。根据文章开头“Registration is Now Open for Summer.Request_a_brochure_or_apply_today！”并结合全文可知，本文是一则广告，介绍了暑期名著阅读计划及其好处，以吸引读者报名参加。故答案选 C。EL

47、eeds Library CalendarMonday 10 April 18:00-20:00Leeds Centre for Victorian Studies The Gott collection and the Yorkshire Landscape.Nicole Harding talks aboutte Gott collection.11Admission: FREESaturday 6 May 13:00-15:30Members Film Club: The Best Actor and Actress SeasonThere Will Be Blood(15) 158 m

48、ins.Daniel Plainview (Day Lewis) is a down-and-out silver miner who strikes it rich and becomes an oil tycoon. When he learns of a small oil-rich town in Californis, he moves there with his adopted son. Using his son to project the image of a caring family man, Plainview gains the cooperation of alm

49、ost all the locals in the town, with promises to help develop their community but over time, Plainviews gradual accumulation of wealth and power causes his true self to surface.Admission: 3(including a glass of wine).To book please click here.Wednesday 17 May 18:00-20:00Members Film Club: The Best Actor and Actress SeasonBorn Yesterday (PG) 116 mins.Judy Holliday plays Billie Dawn,