2019高考英语一轮选练编题Unit3Inventorsandinventions（含解析）新人教版选修8.doc

1、1Unit 3李仕才考点规范练(选修 8 Unit 3)【短文语法填空】Best CompaniesShine United(Madison，Wisconsin)In the past five years，this Wisconsinbased advertising agency has shared more than$500,000 in profits with its employees through the companys ShineShares program.The agency partnered with the University of Wisconsins on

2、cology department to develop the Ride，a biking event that benefits cancer research.Employees also get snacks every day， “Beer Thirty”on Thursdays，and Summer Fridays，a program that lets employees leave at noon.GroundFloor Media(Denver，Colorado)The key for workers at this midsize public relations firm

3、 in Denver is that employees work anytime，anywhere.Headquarters are in a former warehouse downtown，near Coors Field.The offices are spread around the central space that doubles as a wet bar every Thursday when the companys “beer club” brings in a new brew.Ergodyne(St.Paul，Minnesota)The St.Paulbased

4、company has grown to operate out of a retired storehouse with plenty of natural light.Rules about dressing？“Wear something.” Its purpose? To create cool，comfortable, and tough safety workwear for those who need it to get the job done.Ergodyne has around 50 employees, who enjoy hotdish cookoffs, tick

5、ets to sporting events, and at least one happy hour every quarter.Southwest Michigan First(Kalamazoo，Michigan)Its family first at this Michigan economic development advising agency.CEO Ron Kitchens says that in the past year，the company has made a push to go green，initially started by the millennial

6、 employees who make up half the agencys workforce.A new staff position was created for the purpose of making sure every employee is able to balance working and cheering at their kids sporting events or going fishing.1Whats the purpose of the ShineShares program?ATo raise money for a research.2BTo le

7、t employees leave earlier.CTo share the companys benefits.DTo partner with a local university.2What does Southwest Michigan First encourage their employees to do?ATo accompany their families.BTo create new staff positions.CTo join in cooking competitions.DTo enjoy themselves in sporting events.3Whic

8、h company allows its staff a flexible working time?AShine United.BGroundFloor Media.CSouthwest Michigan First.DErgodyne.4What can we know about the companies mentioned in the text?AThey offer employees financial support.BThey care about employees happiness.CThey have strict rules about dressing.DThe

9、y have training programs.【解题导语】本文是一篇广告类应用文，主要介绍了四个最好的公司。它们有的和员工分享利润并给员工提供零食和啤酒，有的鼓励员工陪伴家人，有的允许员工在任何时候任何地点工作，有的允许员工穿着随意的衣服。【难句分析】The key for workers at this midsize public relations firm in Denver is that employees work anytime，anywhere.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中 that employees work anytime，anywhere 为 that 引导的表语

10、从句。译文：员工在这家位于丹佛的中等规模的公关公司工作的关键是员工可以在任何时间任何地点工作。1C 考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“In the past five years，this Wisconsinbased advertising agency has shared more than $500,000 in profits with its employees through the companys ShineShares program”可知，在过去的五年时间里，这家位于威斯康星州的广告代理公司通过 ShineShares项目和公司员工分享了五十万美元的利润；据此可知，Shin

11、eShares 项目的目的在于和员工分享利润，故 C项正确。2A 考查推理判断。根据第四段第一句的“Its family first”和最后一句“A new staff position was created for the purpose of making sure every employee is able 3to balance working and cheering at their kids sporting events or going fishing”可知，该公司创立了新的职位，目的是保证每个员工能平衡工作和在孩子的运动会中加油或钓鱼的安排；据此可以判断，该公司鼓励员工

12、陪伴家人，故 A项正确。3B 考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“The key for workers at this midsize public relations firm in Denver is that employees work anytime, anywhere”可知，在该中等规模的公关公司工作的重点是员工可以在任何时间任何地点工作；据此可知，GroundFloor Media公司允许员工有弹性的工作时间，故 B项正确。44B 考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了四个通过自己的政策为员工谋幸福的公司：Shine United 公司与员工分享利润，为员工提供零食；Groun

13、dFloor Media 公司允许员工有弹性的工作时间；Ergodyne 公司允许员工任意穿着以创造轻松安全的工作环境；Southwest Michigan First公司鼓励员工陪伴家人。故 B项正确。根据第一段可知，Shine United通过 ShineShares项目与员工分享利润，文中没有提及其他公司有关经济支持的信息，故 A项错误；根据第三段可知，Ergodyne 公司允许员工任意穿着以创造轻松安全的工作环境，故 C项错误；D 项文中没有提及。.阅读理解AIBM and Local Motors introduced a new self-driving electric vehi

14、cle called “Olli” in National Harbour,Maryland.The carreally,a small busis capable of transporting 12 people at once.It uses IBMs “Watson” system,pulling vast amounts of data on its surroundings from a variety of sources.For example,if you use the car enough it could eventually figure out your gener

15、al path to work every morning.If youre running late one day or Watson uses weather data to figure out that its about to rain,or that traffic will get worseOlli might tell you theres no time for coffee.Ask it when youll arrive at your destination and it can answer.The vehicle will be available to the

16、 public in National Harbor at “select times” this summer.Later this year,it will be used in Floridas Miami-Dade County and Las Vegas.Much has been said about Googles driverless car prototype(模型)but Jay Rogers,CEO of Local Motors,a small experimental car maker,says theres a 4problem with the Googles

17、business model.“Google doesnt make cars,”he explained.While thats not strictly truethe company does have its own self-driving car prototypeGoogle is working with traditional automakers like Fiat Chrysler to get its vehicles on public roads.But driverless cars arent legal in every state.“A company li

18、ke Fiat Chrysler wont put out vehicles they cant sell everywhere,”Rogers said.Rogers believes Local Motors is nimble enough to be an industry leader.The company designed Olli in 2015 and officially approved the project in March,2016.Three months later,with IBM,they have a working vehicle in Maryland

19、.Were a long way away from having Olli everywhere,of course,but Rogers says Local Motors major problem is legislation,not technology.Theyre already equipped to produce and deliver the cars wherever theres demandthough its a small company,so dont expect too many of them.1.Whats Ollis major feature?A.

20、It is an electric vehicle.B.It doesnt need a driver.C.It can take 12 people at once.D.It can communicate with passengers.2.What does Rogers think of Googles driverless cars?A.They will be Ollis strong competitors.B.They cant be driven on public roads.C.They have a big technical problem.D.They wont b

21、e mass-produced.3.What does the underlined word “nimble” in the text mean?A.Able to adapt easily.B.Able to act quickly.C.Fully developed.D.Highly creative.4.Why will Olli not appear in great numbers?5A.Because it is still in the testing stage.B.Because many people cant afford to buy it.C.Because Loc

22、al Motors has low productivity.D.Because driverless cars are not legal in America.B(2016武汉武昌调研)Brooke Martins golden retriever(金毛猎犬)Kayla hated being left alone or separated.She would howl,pace,and chew on things.Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets.She wondered:“Wha

23、t if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?”Working with her father in their garage,the 16-year-old came up with several ideas.Finally,she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets!She calls the device iCPooch.“The dog doesnt have to answer the call,”explains Broo

24、ke.“It comes up immediately on the screen on its end.Its a two-way audio and videoyou can see and hear each other.”With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist competition for middle-school

25、students.These finalists,selected based on their short video presentations,are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final competition in St.Paul,Minn.After Martins video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge,she was paired with D

26、elony Langer-Anderson,a product develop ment scientist in 3Ms consumer health care division.“I just lead her down the product development path,”Langer-Anderson told LiveScience.This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product,which combines a video chat device that answers immediatel

27、y on the dogs end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate.“One thing I have thought about a lot is,what happens if while the device is on the floor,what if your dog knocks it over,or scratches the 6screen?”Martin said.She and Langer-Anderson discussed this,and Martin is now testing m

28、aterials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floor to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws.The finalists create models they can test,with the guidance from a mentor.Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards d

29、rivers for not texting or calling.Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method,testing their hypothesis,in a determined way.“So the kids dont get buried in data,”she said.5.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?A.“iCPooch” wins in a young scienti

30、st competitionB.A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dogs hungerC.A man-made device lets people chat with their petsD.A kid-invented device calms dogs separation anxiety6.“iCPooch” calms pet dogs by . A.allowing video chatB.making dogs sleepC. answering the callD.giving them food7.What is the pro

31、bable meaning of the underlined word “mentors”?A.Competitors.B.Assistants.C.Instructors.D.Companions.8.What do the inventions of the finalists have in common?A.They are all new inventions dealing with pets.B.They are possible solutions to everyday problems.C.They cope with the problems related to co

32、mputers.D.They are all accomplished through individual work.7The Amazon basin region is home to about 2.5 million insect species，tens of thousands of plants，and some 2 000 birds and mammals.To date，at least 40 000 plant species,3 000 fish,1 294 birds,427 mammals,428 amphibians，and 378 reptiles have

33、been scientifically classified in the region.One in five of all the birds in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon.The warm wet forests have been in existence for 55 million years，and thrived even during glacial periods，allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species.Rad

34、iocarbon dating(放射性碳年代测定)has revealed trees of 10 centimeter diameter to be more than 300 years old，and some trees over 1 000 years old，indicating that untouched forests can experience unbelievable longevity.The first human inhabitants are thought to have settled in the Amazon region about 11 200 ye

35、ars ago.European explorers arrived in the 16th century，bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves，killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)By the late 17th century the Amazon basin was controlled by Portuguese and Spanish explorers.The Amazon rainf

36、orest has been described as the lungs of our planet because of its important role in recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen.But due to deforestation(采伐森林)，rainforests now cover less than 5% of the Earths land surface，and experts believe that this is a big contributor to global climate change.Severe de

37、forestation began in the 20th century，with 587 000 square kilometers lost up to the year 2000.Most deforested land is used for grassland to raise farm animals and agriculture.The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimat

38、e that the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.1Why are the figures mentioned in Paragraph 1?ATo prove the forest untouched.BTo classify species scientifically.CTo show the diversity of species.DTo attract more attention to Amazon.2Why did most indigenous inhabitants in the Amazo

39、n region die?AEuropean explorers brought diseases there.BPortuguese explorers treated them badly.CA lot of trees were cut down and burned.8DThey got killed by Spanish explorers.3What can be inferred about the Amazon rainforest?AIt has the largest number of species.BIt covers over 5% of South America

40、.CIt is becoming larger in area.DIt is being endangered now.4What may be included in the following paragraph?AExamples of destroying forests.BMeasures to protect rainforests.CNew settlements in Amazon.DWays to stop global warming.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了亚马逊热带雨林正面临消失的危险。1C 目的意图题。通读全文可知，第一段提到昆虫、植物和动物等物种的数

41、量，是为了表明亚马逊热带雨林物种的多样性。故答案选 C。2A 细节理解题。European explorers arrived in the 16th century, bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves，killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)(第三段第二句)译文：十六世纪，欧洲探险家来到这里，带来了疾病，这些疾病的传播速度比探险家前行的脚步还要快，大约使多达 90%的土著居民死亡。根据关键句可知，

42、欧洲探险家把疾病带到亚马逊地区，导致大多数土著居民死亡。故答案选 A。3D 推理判断题。The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rain forest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.(最后一段最后一句)译文：运输路线的增加导致了定居点和滥伐森林的增加，根据目前的速度，科学家估计亚马逊热带雨林在二十年内将减少

43、 40%。根据关键句可推知，亚马逊热带雨林正面临消失的危险。故答案选 D。4B 推理判断题。最后一段主要介绍了由于滥伐森林，亚马逊热带雨林覆盖率在下降，正面临消失的危险；由此可推知，文章接下来应是针对这种情况介绍如何保护亚马逊热带雨林。故答案选 B。亮点句积累：The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rain forest will be reduce

44、d by 40% in two decades.(最后一段最后一句)译文：运输路线的增加导致了定居点和滥伐森林的增加，根据目前的速度，科学家估计9亚马逊热带雨林在二十年内将减少 40%。.七选五阅读(2016重庆第二次诊断)How to Get on a Reality TV ShowThink carefully before you leap!Being on a reality TV show is about being exposed.And that exposure is to everyone,including your family,friends,neighbors,an

45、d your former school teachers.Is this something you can handle? 1 If youre not worried about this,then youre ready!On the other hand,if you value your privacy and reputation intensely,reality TV stardom may not be for you.Give it up before things get difficult if thats the case! 2 For a brand-new sh

46、ow,read whatever is already available in the media about the shows intended themes,content,time slot,and audience. 3 This is probably easier if youve watched it without fail since it began. Be practical.When you assess your suitability to go any further,some of the things that you should keep in min

47、d include being realistic.It makes little sense to apply to be in a weight loss show when youre already at an ideal weight. 4 If youre applying for a show wanting people with a business background or a college education and you dont have one,again,it may not be worth your while. Know why you want to

48、 do this.The shows producers will want a strong,well-founded response. 5 Telling them “I want to be famous”rarely distinguishes you from every other person wanting the same.Be confident in what you believe you can contribute to the show while focusing on your hoped-for outcome. A.Can you actually si

49、ng,dance,act,etc.,as required?B.Learn all that you can about the show before applying.C.Do you mind if people who used to know you talk about you?D.Nor is it wise to try modeling when your height isnt what theyre looking for.10E.Do you have to eat things that are simply awful and that youd never think of eating in a million years?F.Give an answer that shows your strengths,your interesting points,and a desire to be a good role model.G.For an existing show,it makes g