1、1议论文和说明文（2）说明文真题题组1(2015安徽)In our modern world，when something wears out，we throw it away and buy a new one. The _1. D_ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of _2. B_ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before. How did we _3. B_ a throwaway society？ First of al
2、l，it is now easier to _4. C_ an object than to spend time and money to repair it. _5. A_ modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology，companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and _6. C_ . Another cause is our _7. A_ of disposable (一次性的) products. As _8. D
3、_ people，we are always looking for _9. A_ to save time and make our lives easier. Companies _10. C_ thousands of different kinds of disposable products：paper plates，plastic cups，and cameras，to name a few. Our appetite for new products also _11. D_ to the problem. We are _12. B_ buying new things. Ad
4、vertisements persuade us that _13. A_ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we _14. D_ useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world，we can see the _15. D_ of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To
5、 _16. C_ the amount of rubbish and to protect the _17. B_ ，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. _18. A_ ，this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem. Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions _19. D_ throwing them away. We also need to rethink our atti
6、tudes about _20. A_ . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 文章大意：本文是说明文。本文讲述了为什么我们的社会变成了一个垃圾成山、一次性物品充斥的社会，同时指出要保护环境、解决这一问题，除了回收资源以外，人们更应该改变的是消费习惯。 Akey BreasonCproject Dproblem2解析：下文语境题。根据第一段末句
7、中的“because people. . . than ever before”可知这里描述的是一种世界各国正在面临的问题。 Agifts BrubbishCdebt Dproducts解析：下文语境题。根据空格后的原因状语从句“because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before”可知答案。 Aface BbecomeCobserve Dchange解析：下文语境题。文章第二段、第三段和第四段分析了我们变成一次性物品充斥的社会的原因。由此可知此句是总领性的句子我们是怎样变成一次性物品充斥的社会的。 Ahide Bcontr
8、olCreplace Dwithdraw解析：下文语境题。因为此文谈及的是一次性物品充斥的社会。在一次性物品充斥的社会中，和花时间与金钱修理东西相比，更换一个东西当然要更容易些。hide“隐藏” ；control“控制” ；replace“取代” ；withdraw“提取” 。 AThanks to BAs toCExcept for DRegardless of解析：下文语境题。由于现代制造业和技术，公司可以更快地、更加低成本地生产东西。 Asafe BfunnyCcheap Dpowerful解析：上文语境题。由上一句中的“produce products quickly and inex
9、pensively”可知。 Alove BlackCprevention Ddivision解析：下文语境题。由第三段可知，人们喜爱一次性产品是因为它可以节约时间，使人们的生活更轻松。这里表明人们对一次性产品的喜爱是另外一个原因。 Asensitive BkindCbrave Dbusy解析：语义逻辑题。为什么要节约时间？是因为人们比较忙。 Aways BplacesCjobs Dfriends解析：语义逻辑题。忙碌的我们总是寻找节省时间的方法。3Adonate Breceive10 Cproduce Dpreserve解析：语义逻辑题。公司生产许多不同种类的一次性产品。根据前句的语境可知此处
10、表示生产一次性产品。Aadapts Breturns11 Cresponds Dcontributes解析：下文语境题。由本段内容可知，我们对新产品的强烈欲望也会引起这个问题。adapt to“适应” ；return to“返回” ；respond to“对作出反应” ；contribute to“有助于” 。Atired of Baddicted to12 Cworried about Dashamed for解析：上文语境题。根据前句“我们对新产品的欲望也会引起这个问题” ，以及后句“we will be happier with the latest products”推理可知。Anew
11、er Bstronger13 Chigher Dlarger解析：下文语境题。根据空后的“we will be happier with the latest products”可知此处表示“越新越好” 。Apick up Bpay for14 Chold onto Dthrow away解析：固定搭配题。make room for new ones“为新东西腾出空间” ，那么如何为新东西腾出空间呢？Aadvantages Bpurposes15 Cfunctions Dconsequences解析：下文语境题。根据后句“Mountains of rubbish just keep getti
12、ng bigger”可知此处指的是“这种抛弃型的生活方式造成的后果” 。Ashow Brecord16 Cdecrease Dmeasure解析：下文语境题。根据后句中的“more governments are requiring people to recycle materials”和文章最后一句中的“. . . to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment”可知。Atechnology Benvironment17 4Cconsumers Dbrands解析：参见上题解析。AHowever BOther
13、wise18 CTherefore DMeanwhile解析：下文语境题。根据下一段内容以及空格后的“this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem”推理可知空格前后应为转折关系。Aby Bin favour of19 Cafter Dinstead of解析：语义逻辑题。维修东西和扔掉它们是对立的概念，因此可知答案。Aspending Bcollecting20 Crepairing Dadvertising解析：上文逻辑题。根据前句中的“to repair our possessions _19_ throwing them away”以及后句中的
14、“Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits. . . ”可知。2(2015浙江)Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford，Ive watched one friend after another land highranking，highpaying Wall Street jobs. As executives(高级管理人员)with banks，consulting firms，established law firms，and major corporati
15、ons，many are now _1. D_ on their way to impressive careers. By societys _2. B_ ，they seem to have it made. On the surface，these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind，many had a _3. A_ drink at their cheap but friendly local bar，shook hands with longtime roommates，and
16、 _4. B_ out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine _5. C_ a college years monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars. The thing is，a number of them have _6. C_ that despite their success
17、，they arent happy. Some _7. A_ of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eighthour workweeks devoted to tasks they _8. B_ . Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and _9. D_ . However，instead of devoting themselves to their work，they find themselves working to suppo
18、rt the _10. C_ to which they have so quickly become _11. A_ . 5People often speak of trying a more satisfying path，and _12. A_ in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they _13. D_ or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads the
19、m to the same conclusion：its _14. C_ . They have loans，bills，a mortgage(抵押贷款)to _15. D_ ， retirement to save for. They recognize theres something _16. A_ in their lives，but its _17. A_ to step off the track. In a society that tends to _18. A_ everything in terms of dollars and cents，we learn from a
20、young age to consider the costs of our _19. D_ in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs _20. B_ in pursuing money over meaning？These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignoreand the very ones we need to consider most. 文章大意：本文讲述了金钱不能代表一切，享受高薪的人并不一定幸福。 Amuch Bnev
21、erCseldom Dwell解析：副词词义辨析。根据上文 Ive watched one friend after another land highranking，highpaying Wall Street jobs. 可知我的朋友都有了很好的工作。故这里意为“他们作为银行、顾问公司等的高级管理人员，在令人钦佩的职业生涯中走得很顺利(well)”。be well on ones way 意为“在的路上进展顺利” 。much “很多” ，never“从不” ，seldom“很少” ，均不符合文意。故正确答案为 D。 Apolicies BstandardsCexperiments Dreg
22、ulations解析：名词辨析。由上文可知“我”的朋友们在很多领域担任要职，有很好的工作。故这里意为“从社会的标准(standards)看来，他们似乎很成功” 。policy“政策” ，experiment“实验” ，regulation“规则，规章” ，均不符合文意。故正确答案为 B。 Alast BleastCsecond Dbest解析：考查语境理解。根据前文 As they left student life behind 和后面的 shook hands with longtime roommates 可知这里在描述当他们离开学生生活时候的场景，即他们会在当地的热情待客的廉价酒吧喝最
23、后的(last)一杯酒。least“最少的” ，second“第二的”，best“最好的” ，均不符合文意。故正确答案为 A。 Acycled BmovedCslid Dlooked6解析：动词词义辨析。由上文 As they left student life behind 可知这里在讲述他们离开学生生活的情景，故这里意为“他们从小公寓搬(moved)出，住到高楼大厦里” 。cycle“循环” ，slide“滑” ，look“看” ，均不符合文意。故正确答案为 B。 Ashared BpaidCequaled Dcollected解析：考查语境和动词词义辨析。根据后文 They replac
24、ed their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars. 可知这里在对比离开校园前后的生活。这里意为“他们会预定酒店，在那里一瓶酒的价格和大学时期一个月的租金相等(equaled)” 。share “分享”，pay “支付” ，collect “收集” ，均不符合文意。故正确答案为 C。 Aadvertised BwitnessedCadmitted Ddemanded解析：动词词义辨析。根据前文 On the surface，these people seem to be very lucky in life. 可知这些人在表面上看起
25、来很幸运。根据本段内容可知这里是在转折。本句意为“问题是，他们中的许多人都承认(admitted)尽管他们成功，但他们并不开心” 。advertise“通知” ，witness“目击” ，demand“要求” ，均不符合文意。故正确答案为 C。 Acomplain BdreamChear Dapprove解析：动词词义辨析。根据前文 they arent happy 可知本段内容在说他们不开心的事情。故这里意为“一些人抱怨(complain)同事的不友好” 。dream“梦想” ，hear“听到，听说” ，approve“证明” ，均不符合文意。故正确答案为 A。 Adistribute Bh
26、ateCapplaud Dneglect解析：动词词义辨析。根据前文 they arent happy 和 feel sad 可知本段内容在说他们不开心的事情。故这里意为“一些人会对八小时的工作时间都致力于他们讨厌(hate)的任务感到难过” 。distribute“分配” ，applaud“赞同” ，neglect“忽视” ，均不符合文意。故正确答案为 B。 Acalm BguiltyCwarm Dempty解析：形容词词义辨析。根据前文 they arent happy 可知本段内容在说他们不开心的事情。and 连接两个并列的成分，故划线处应和 tired 意思相近。本句意为“一些人不尊重
27、他们为之工作的公司，感到累和空虚(empty)” 。calm “冷静的” ，warm “温暖的” ，不符合文意。guilty “愧疚的” ，这里不能推断出他们感到愧疚，只是对自己的工作不满意，故不正确。故正确答案为 D。7Afamily Bgovernment10 Clifestyle Dproject解析：名词词义辨析。结合前文可知，这些华尔街的工作者们会花高价去餐厅，买很贵的车，他们并不是因为热爱而投入到工作中，而是用工作来支撑这种生活方式(lifestyle)。government “政府” ，project “项目” ，不符合文意。family“家庭” ，本文并没有提到工作对家人的意义
28、， “来支撑家庭”不符合文意。故正确答案为 C。Aaccustomed Bappointed11 Cunique Davailable解析：考查语境理解。accustomed “习惯的” ，appointed“指定的，约定的” ，unique“独特的” ，available“有效的，可获得的，可利用的” 。结合前文可知，这些华尔街的工作者们并不是因为对工作的热情而工作，而是用工作来支撑一种生活方式，这种方式他们已经习惯(accustomed)了，A 项符合文意。故正确答案为 A。Ayet Balso12 Cinstead Drather解析：副词词义辨析。结合空格处前半句“People oft
29、en speak of trying a more satisfying path”可知，很多人想要尝试新的生活方式，而后文中提到“always leads them to the same conclusion. . . They have loans， bills. . . ”可知，最终他们的期望落空，前后句之间是转折关系，yet “然而”符合文意。also“也” ，instead“相反” ，rather“宁可” ，均不符合文意。故正确答案为 A。Alet out Bturn in 13 Cgive up Dbelieve in 解析：动词词义辨析。他们尝试更令人满意的途径，也就是他们想要
30、为一些自己坚信(believe in)的东西而努力，或者换一份能够有更多时间与家人相处的工作。let out“释放” ，turn in“上交，归还” ，give up“放弃” ，均不符合文意。故正确答案为 D。Afundamental Bpractical14 Cimpossible Dunforgettable解析：考查语境理解。结合后一句“They have loans，bills，a mortgage”可知，尽管他们想要放弃在华尔街的工作，想要过自己喜欢的生活，但由于贷款账单等等问题，想要换工作的想法最终是不可能的(impossible)。fundamental“根本性的” ，pract
31、ical “实用的” ，unforgettable“难忘的” ，均不符合文意。故正确答案为 C。 Atake off Bdrop off15 Cput off Dpay off8解析：动词词组辨析。take off “起飞，脱下” ；drop off“减少，睡着” ；put off“延期” ；pay off“偿还，付清” 。结合空格前的“loans，bills，a mortgage”可知，此处意为“他们还有贷款和账单要(偿还)” 。故正确答案为 D。Amissing Binspiring16 Csinking Dshining解析：考查语境理解。结合前文所述，这些华尔街的工作者们虽然过着外表光
32、鲜的生活，然而他们却不开心，有些人想要“leaving their jobs to work for something they believe in or finding a position that would give them more time with their families”，却最终失败。因此可推知，此处意为“他们意识到在他们的生命中，有些东西缺失了(missing)” 。inspiring“鼓舞人心的” ，sinking“下沉的” ，shining“闪烁的” ，均不符合文意。故正确答案为 A。Aharmful Bhard17 Cuseful Dnormal解析：形容词
33、词义辨析。此处意为“虽然他们发现自己的生命中缺少了某些东西，但是想要脱离现状去追求却很难(hard)” 。harmful“有害的” ；useful“有用的” ；normal“正常的” ，均不符合文意。故正确答案为 B。Ameasure Bsuffer18 Cdigest Ddeliver解析：考查语境理解。结合后半句中的“in terms of dollars and cents” 即“以美元和美分计算” ，可推知此处意为“在一个倾向于用美元和美分来衡量(measure)一切的社会中” 。suffer“遭受，忍受” ；digest“消化” ；deliver“配送” ，均不符合文意。故正确答案为
34、 A。 Adisasters Bmotivations19 Ccampaigns Ddecisions解析：名词词义辨析。结合这一段第一句 “In a . . . everything in terms of dollars and cents” 可知，此处意为“我们很小的时候就学会了以金钱来衡量我们的决定(decisions)所带来的得失” 。disaster “灾难” ；motivation“动力” ；campaign “运动，战役” ；均不符合文意。故正确答案为 D。Aassessed Binvolved20 Ccovered Dreduced解析：动词词义辨析。前一句提到“我们很小的时
35、候就学会了以金钱来衡量我们所做出的决定会带来的得失” ，由后句开始的 But 一词可知前后两句形成对照关系。故可推知，后9句意为“那么，为了追逐金钱超过追求人生意义本身而涉及到的(involved)个人代价和社会代价是怎样的呢？”assess“评估” ；cover“覆盖，涵盖” ；reduce“减少” ，均不符合文意。故正确答案为 B。3(2015广东)How long can human beings live？Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is _1. A_ to live no longer tha
36、n 120 years. However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to liveif he or she is _2. D_ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years！Yet，our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce _3. C_ . They wear out，and as a result，we get old and _4. A_ die.
37、 Even though we cant live forever，we are living a _5. B_ life than ever before. In 1900，the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years，but today it is 75 years！When does old age begin then？Sixtyfive may be outofdate as the _6. D_ line between middle age and old age. After all，many older people
38、dont begin to experience physical and mental _7. C_ until after age 75. People are living longer because more people _8. A_ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature， many children died of common childhood _9. D_ . Now that the chances of dying _10. B_ are much lower，the chances o
39、f living long are much higher due to better diets and health care. On the whole，our population is getting older. The _11. A_ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse，while some see _12. B_ ， not dis
40、aster. Today，many men and women in their “golden years”are healthy，still active，and young in _13. A_ if not in age. As our society grows old，we need the _14. C_ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them，they need to _15. D_ active and be devoted. 文章大意：这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的，但是随着社会的发展，生活水平的提高，人们
41、的寿命比以前更长了，而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人继续保持积极的心态，为社会做贡献。 Adesigned BselectedCimproved Ddiscovered解析：考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不10会活过 120岁。designed 设计；selected 选择，挑选；improved 提高，改善；discovered发现。根据句意可知，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定了人类最多不会活过 120岁，故应选 A。 Acompletely BgenerallyCapparently Dextremely解析：考查副词及语境
42、的理解。句意：然而 110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命如果他/她非常健康和幸运。completely 完全地；generally 一般地；apparently 显然地；extremely极其，非常。根据句意可知，如果一个人非常健康而且很幸运，人们希望能活到110 岁。故选 D。 Arapidly BharmlesslyCendlessly Dseparately解析：考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境地再生。rapidly快速地；harmlessly 无害地；endlessly 无止境地；separately 分离地，分开地。根据文意可知，因为人体的细胞不会无止境地再
43、生，因此人的寿命是有限的。因此应选 C。 Aeventually BhopelesslyCautomatically Ddesperately解析：考查副词及语境的理解。句意：它们(细胞)慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终；hopelessly 没有希望地；automatically 自动地；desperately 绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选 A。 Abusier BlongerCricher Dhappier解析：考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久地活着，但我们的寿命比以前更长了。busier 更忙的；longer 更长的；richer 更富
44、有的；happier 更开心的。根据这一段的内容可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选 B。 Afinishing BguidingCwaiting Ddividing解析：考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65 岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成；guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing 划分。根据文意可知，把 65岁当作中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选 D。 Astress BdamageCdecline Dfailure解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到 75岁之后
45、才开始经历身体和精神的衰弱。stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure 失败。11根据句意可知，现在很多老年人是在 75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰退的，故选 C。 Asurvive BenjoyCremember Dvalue解析：考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长是因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value 重视，估价。根据这一段的内容和 the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and
46、health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选 A。 Aproblems BfearsCworries Ddiseases解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据句意可知，以前，人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死，导致平均寿命比较短。故选 D。Apoor Byoung10 Csick Dquiet解析：考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更大了，因为有了
47、更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意思可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，dying young就是年少死去。故选 B。Achanges Brecovery11 Csafety Dincreases解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中 Some people fear such changes will. . . 可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选
48、A。Adreams Bchances12 Cstrengths Dchoices解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 优点，长处；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的 while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选 B。Amind Bappearance13 Cvoice Dmovement12解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，活动积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement移动。根据句意可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻。故选 A。Aprotection Bsuggestions14 Ccontributions Dpermission解析：考查名词及语境的理解。由结尾处的 devoted(献身的)可推测出本题答案。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民
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