2019版高考英语大二轮复习第三部分七选五聚焦题型3课件.ppt

1、第三部分 七选五,-2-,七选五题型是在一段约300词(原文250左右;选项50左右)的短文中留出5个空白,要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项,使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。从考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握”可以得出以下判断:该题备用选项可分为主旨概括句(文章整体或段落内容)、过渡性语句(文章结构)和逻辑性语句(上下文逻辑意义)三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置,例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性语句不能反映文章的行文结构,逻辑性语句与上文脱节等。,-3-,考点一,考点二,考点三,主旨概括

2、句 主旨概括句是指概括文章主题的句子,或者统领某一段落的句子。做此类题要注意两个方面: 1.全文主旨句。注意文章的首段与结尾段,尤其是文章的首段及结尾段的末句,因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式在英语中很常见,首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在,如果它不是主题句,可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式,如两者均不是,则在文章的其他段落寻找主题句,但仍然不能忽略首段与末段的提示作用。 2.段落主旨句。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落,各段落会依据文章的主题展开,对文章主题的不同方面进行阐述。找出各段的关键词,明确其大意,就容易确定一个段落的主旨句。,-4-,考点一,考点二,考点三,【典例示范

3、】 (2018全国) .38 .Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being eas

4、ily changeable. . The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .,-5-,考点一,考点二,考点三,-6-,考点一,考点二,考点三,-7-,考点一,考点二,考点三,过渡性语句 过渡性语句的考查主要是从文章结构的角度出题,在文中起到承上启下的行文作

5、用。做此类题需要注意文章的结构,有“总分总”结构,也有“分分总”结构。无论什么样的结构,都需要联结文章的过渡性语句。过渡句通常对上面的内容进行总结,或者以问句的方式或祈使句的方式引出下文。所以,在定位选项时,要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容。,-8-,考点一,考点二,考点三,【典例示范】 (2017全国) If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping.I would have laughed heartily.Campers,in my eyes,were pe

6、ople who enjoyed insect bites,ill-cooked meals,and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me. 36 The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long distance to take the shower and use t

7、he bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work,recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.,-9-,考点一,考点二,考点三,I was,nevertheless,talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 Instead,we had a pop-up campe

8、r with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. 39 We have done a lot of it since.Recently,we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set.There is a separate bedroom,a modern kit

9、chen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. 40 It must be true that sooner or later,everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style.,-10-,考点一,考点二,考点三,-11-,考点一,考点二,考点三,-12-,考点二,考点三,考点一,逻辑性语句 上下文逻辑关系语句是对段落中的细节信息的考查,属于句子与句子间的逻辑顺序的

10、排列。做此类试题要注意文章的语句间的组合,一是要判断语句间的逻辑意义关系:并列、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。二是借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握,因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系是: 1.承接关系(如so,therefore,thus,accordingly,consequently,as a result等)。 2.并列关系(如first,second,third.;firstly,secondly,thirdly.;first,next,then.;in the first place,in the second place.;for one thing,

11、for another thing.;to begin with,to conclude等)。,-13-,考点二,考点三,考点一,3.转折关系(如however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,in spite of,at any rate,in any case,whoever,whatever,on the contrary,in contrast,by contrast,in comparison,by comparison,otherwise等)。 4.层递关系(如also,further,furthermore,likewise,s

12、imilarly,moreover,in addition,whats more,too,either,neither,not.but.,not only.but also.等)。 5.解释关系(如in other words,namely,that is to say,or rather等)。,-14-,考点二,考点三,考点一,【典例示范】 (2018全国) Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in every room.A grasp of how to manage color in your sp

13、aces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in.Do you want a room thats full of life?Professional?Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 ,color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. Over the years,there have been a number of

14、different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 ,they can get a little complex.But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones,the medium ones,and the large ones.,-15-,考点二,考点三,考点一,.Medium color choic

15、es are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 .They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.,-16-,考点二,考点三,考点一,-17-,考点二,考点三,考点一,-18-,通常来说,解答七选五题型,我们要遵循以下几个步骤,以求得最大正答率。 1.通读全文,了解文章大意 这是一个泛读的过程,目的是了解

16、文章大意,为以后的理解做铺垫。 2.分析句型,了解语法构成 当我们了解了文章大意后,要明确每一个空是填一个完整的句子还是从句。这一点十分重要,它能够帮助我们迅速确定某些空的选项范围,比如,有一个空的结尾处是逗号,后文紧跟着一个句子,很显然这时我们需要填一个从句,可以在七个选项中找到是从句的选项,从而缩小选择范围。,-19-,3.明确关联关系 任何句子都是要么和上文有联系,要么和下文有联系,要么和上下文都有联系,因为一篇文章不仅仅是句子的整合,也是有含义的连贯性的,怎样确定这种关系? (1)根据位置:注意空缺处在文中的位置,当空缺处在段首时,应注意此段首句之后的部分,这是因为文章的每一段往往构成

17、总分结构,这一点在说明文和议论文中尤为明显,而七选五的选材往往是说明文和议论文;当空缺处在段中时,则需要看空缺处前后的内容;当空缺处在段末时,则需要看前文的内容,因为这一句最有可能是对整段的一个总结和概括。当然,以上分析只是主流情形,也有可能出现其他情况,这时需要具体问题具体分析。,-20-,(2)根据含义:在第一步了解大意的基础上,现在要做的是详细阅读以便明确每一个空的具体关联关系,这时要结合选项同时做(注意在第二步范围缩小的基础上),常见的关联关系有:顺承、转折、因果、并列、举例。最常见的就是根据代词含义,因为如果上文出现了某个名词或概念时,后文再次提及他,往往为了避免重复,会使用代词,只

18、是后文对前文的一个很好的提示,例如:后文出现了it,那前文出现的名词一定是可数名词单数或者不可数名词或者是一件事;后文出现了this man,那前文一定要有一句话在说这个人的情况,后文才能用this这个代词代指他,等等;其次,根据形容词、副词确定关联关系也比较常见,形容词、副词往往表达了作者的感情色彩,这对于我们排除干扰选项十分关键,比如:上文所使用的形容词、副词全是褒义词汇,语调阳光积极,后文如果和前文是顺承关系,必然也应该用正能量的语调;当然,根据其他词汇确定关联关系也都有可能。,-21-,4.宏观把握,选择最佳答案 最后作答时,当我们对于某一个空有两个不同的答案时,我们将其分别代入,选择最佳答案,这一点很简单。 5.带入通读,复查 做完题目后,我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍,将其看做一篇行文通顺语意连贯的文章来读,这时如果感到有含义不连贯的地方,很有可能是我们填错了空,就要复查了。注意:七选五的特点在于,错一道,往往还会错另外的一道或几道,我们叫做“连错”,所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时,一定要同时检查其他空。,