江苏省2019高考英语第二部分语法核心突破第十三课时构词法练习（含解析）.doc

1、1第十三课时 构词法李仕才感 悟 高 考1.They gave money to the old peoples home either_or through their companies.(2015安徽卷)A.legally B.sincerelyC.personally D.deliberately答案 C 句意：他们或者亲自或者通过他们的公司给敬老院送钱。legally 合法地，法律上；sincerely 真诚地，由衷地，诚恳地；personally 亲自，当面，个别地，就自己而言；deliberately 故意地，谨慎地，慎重地。根据 or through their compani

2、es可知personally为正确答案。2.The girl used to be shy，but is _ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.(2015湖北卷)A.gradually B.usuallyC.previously D.merely答案 A 句意：这个女孩以前很害羞，但是正(逐渐地)在小组活动中变得积极起来，而且更愿意表达自己了。根据题干中的 is和 getting可知，这里表示循序渐进的过程，故选gradually(逐渐地)。usually 通常；previously 先前地；

3、merely 仅仅。要 点 精 析一、派生法1. 表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀前缀 例词dis-advantagedisadvantage 缺点comfortdiscomfort 不舒适il-legalillegal 不合法的logicalillogical 不合逻辑的im-patientimpatient 不耐烦的moralimmoral 不道德的2in-formalinformal 非正式的convenientinconvenient 不方便的ir-regularirregular 不规则的responsibleirresponsible 不负责任的mis-leadmislead 误导u

4、nderstandmisunderstand 误解un-willingunwilling 不愿意的happyunhappy 不高兴的后缀 例词-lesshopehopeless 绝望的carecareless 粗心的2. 变动词的前缀和后缀前缀 例词en-largeenlarge 扩大richenrich 使充实；使丰富后缀 例词-enbroadbroaden 使变宽hardharden 使变硬-ifyclassclassify 把分类beautybeautify 美化-izeapologyapologize 道歉emphasisemphasize 强调3.形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加-ly

5、 可变成相应意义的副词直接加-lyextremeextremely 尤其，非常stupidstupidly 傻地改 y为-ilyhappyhappily 快乐地merrymerrily 快乐地去 e加-ly truetruly 真实地34.形容词变名词的后缀后缀 例词-age shortshortage 不足；短缺-cyefficientefficiency 效率；功效accurateaccuracy 准确性-domfreefreedom 自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧-encedifferentdifference 差异silentsilence 沉默-nessweakweakn

6、ess 虚弱；弱点carelesscarelessness 粗心大意-thstrongstrength 力气；强项widewidth 宽度-y cruelcruelty 残忍-ty disabledisability 无能；残疾-ity responsibleresponsibility 责任5. 动词变名词的后缀后缀 例词-alapproveapproval 赞成；批准arrivearrival 到来-anceappearappearance 出现；外貌performperformance 表演；节目-enceexistexistence 存在；生存referreference 参考；查阅-

7、ionconstructconstruction 建设evaluateevaluation 评估-ationconsiderconsideration 考虑imagineimagination 想象力-(s)sion discussdiscussion 讨论；辩论4admitadmission 接纳；准许入学-inghearhearing 听力；听觉beginbeginning 开始-mentargueargument 辩论；论据equipequipment 设备-urefailfailure 失败；没做到presspressure 压力-turemixmixture 混合；混合物depart

8、departure 离开；出发-yrecoverrecovery 恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现其他varyvariety 多样化；种类tendtendency 趋向；趋势6. 表示“人”的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。后缀 例词-rvillagevillager 村民strangestranger 陌生人-ar lieliar 说谎者-eeemployemployee 受雇者；雇员interviewinterviewee 被面试者-orinventinventor 发明家educateeducator 教育家；教师-esssteward

9、stewardess 女乘务员hosthostess 女主人；女主持人-eseChinaChinese 中国人JapanJapanese 日本人-anAmericaAmerican 美国人AustraliaAustralian 澳洲人5-ianhistoryhistorian 历史学家politicspolitician 政治家；政客-istspecialspecialist 专家tourtourist 旅行者；观光者-antparticipateparticipant 参加者assistassistant 助手；图书管理员7. 动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀 例词-ableacceptac

10、ceptable 可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒适的-alpersonpersonal 个人的；私人的naturenatural 自然的；天生的-fulhopehopeful 有希望的peacepeaceful 和平的-edconfuseconfused 感到困惑的borebored 感到厌倦的-ingsurprisesurprising 令人惊讶的convinceconvincing 令人信服的-ibleaccessaccessible 容易到达的；容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的-iveeffecteffective 有效的；生效的instructi

11、nstructive 有教育意义的-ousanxietyanxious 忧虑的curiositycurious 好奇的-sometiretiresome 令人厌倦的troubletroublesome 麻烦的-ytastetasty 美味的；可口的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的dirtdirty 有灰尘的；脏的6-erneasteastern 东方的；向东的westwestern 西方的；向西的-ishfoolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的-icsciencescientific 科学的historyhistoric 历史上著名的-ary imagin

12、eimaginary 想象中的二、转化法不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。动词名词walktake a walk 散步swimhave a swim 游泳名词动词book n. v.预订milk n. v.挤奶形容词动词slow adj. v.减慢narrow adj. v.使变窄；(差距等)缩小形容词副词hard adj.困难的 adv.努力地high adj.高的 adv.高deep adj.深的 adv.深wide adj.宽的 adv.广阔地针 对 训 练用所给词的适当形式填空1.CHRONOLOGICA is an informative(inform)a

13、nd entertaining(entertain)tour into history，beautifully(beauty) illustrated and full of unbelievable(believe) facts.(2017江苏卷 阅读 A)2.The second principle is to loosen(loose)the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them.(2017江苏卷阅读 C)3.While clean

14、energy is increasingly(increase) used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放)peak. (2017江7苏卷阅读 D)4.Increasing Earths reflectiveness(reflect)can cool the planet.(2017江苏卷阅读 D)5.But during the past decade declining rainfull has allowed him to plant highl

15、y profitable(profit) crops. (2017江苏卷阅读 D)6.People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is，no knowledge is useless (use).7.Curiously (curious)，I gave him my full attention.8.However，Mare Van Rijsselberg，a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a

16、 mixture (mix) of sea and fresh water to grow healthy and tasty vegetables.9.But such a small thing couldnt possibly (possible) destroy a village.10.Just imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me.I had no other choice (choose)，though.11.That little a

17、ct of kindness (kind) made everyone who saw it feel goodbut it made me feel the best of all!12.He sank into depression (depress) when both his parents left him and went to the south in search of a better-paid job.13.Several days later，out of my expectation (expect)，I saw it quietly stand in a corner

18、 of the house where I worked.I was extremely glad to regain it.14.As far as I am concerned，my suggestion (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.15.In addition，there were no claims against the loss (lose) of 50 coins and I order the girl and his father to take those 50 coins as appreciation for their honesty!