（天津专用）2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题一语法知识第7讲定语从句优选习题.doc

1、1第 7讲 定语从句1.Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.(2018江苏，23)A.that B.where C.which D.when答案 B解析 句意为：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处在同一起跑线的领域。分析句子结构可知，area 作定语从句的先行词，从句中缺少地点状语，要用 where引导。that 和which为关系代词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；when 是关系副词，在定语从句中作时间状语。2.She and her family b

2、icycle to work， helps them keep fit.(2018北京，5)A.which B.who C.as D.that答案 A解析 此处应该选 A项，which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前面整个主句的内容(她和家人骑自行车上班这件事)，which 在从句中作主语。用 who引导定语从句时，先行词应该指人；as 引导非限制性定语从句时，常位于句首且结构相对固定；that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。3.Kate， sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Austra

3、lia.(2018天津，2)A.whom B.that C.whose D.her答案 C2解析 句意为：凯特，在大学时我与她的姐姐同住一个房间，已经去澳大利亚工作了。Kate与 sister是所属关系，应用 whose引导定语从句。4.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017江苏，28)A.which B.its C.whose D.whom答案 C解析 句意为：联合国在 1963年成立了世界粮食计划署，该组织的一个宗旨是减轻世

4、界范围内的饥饿程度。本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词 the World Food Programme与 purposes之间为所属关系，故用 whose作 purpose的定语，因此选 C项。5.The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京，31)A.that B.as C.where D.when答案 A解析 句意为：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是 the littl

5、e problems，且从句中缺少宾语，故用that。as 引导定语从句时，多用于 the same.as.，such.as.等结构中；where，when 引导定语从句时，在从句中分别充当地点和时间状语。6.My eldest son， work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.(2017天津，9)A.that B.whose C.his D.who答案 B解析 句意为：我的长子现在在纽约，他的工作让他全世界到处跑。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，且与其后的名词有所属关系，故应用 whos

6、e。7.Many young people，most were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江苏，23)A.of which B.of themC.of whom D.of those答案 C解析 句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想，他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为 many young people，作介词 of的宾语，故要用 whom。8.Scientists have advanced many theories about why

7、human beings cry tears，none 3of has been proved.(2016浙江，11)A.whom B.whichC.what D.that答案 B解析 句意为：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，其中没有一个得到证实。分析句子成分可知，逗号后是“代词ofwhich/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是 many theories，指物，故应用 which。诊断报告考向 对应题号 我的薄弱环节1 关系代词引导的定语从句 2,3,5,62 关系副词引导的定语从句 13 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 4,7,84 非限制性定语从句2,3,4,

8、6,7,8解题方法 三法定关系词1.先行词还原法如果认为是定语从句，大家可以把前面的名词直接还原到从句中，如果此句意思通顺，并且句子结构正确，则为定语从句。2.四看法正确选择引导定语从句的关系词是学习定语从句的难点，大家可以在找出主句后使用“四看法”来正确解答试题：一看指人还是物；二看介词在何处；三看句中作何用；四看是否属特殊，这样就能准确判断关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，如作主语、宾语、表语，需选择关系代词 who，whom，that，which；如作定语，需选择 whose，of which 或 of whom；如作状语，需选择关系副词 when，why，where。3.还原法定介词“介

9、词关系词”考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词” 。因此在答题时考生必须注意解题思路。考生可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词，具体做法是：(1)把先行词放在从句中，根据句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。(2)注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。4考点 1 关系代词引导的定语从句I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.A.whose B.why C.where D.which答案 A解析 句意为：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为coup

10、le，由句意可知 children与 couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词 whose。考点归纳1.who和 whom指人，who 在定语从句中作主语；whom 在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用 who代替 whom。2.whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用 of which取代。考点 2 关系副词引导的定语从句1.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.A.where B.whichC.when D.

11、who答案 A解析 句意为：该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的乐趣。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为 an easy atmosphere，且从句中缺少地点状语，故要用 where。2.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， the weather may be better.A.that B.whereC.which D.when答案 D解析 句意为：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用 when引导。考

12、点归纳1.关系副词 when，where，why 的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为 reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用“介词which”结构替换。(1)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work where a good impression is a must.在日常交流中这本书对我帮助很大，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。(2)I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade，when I went up

13、 to 5rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.直到五年级我才成为一个热衷攀爬的人，在那时我登高去拿下一个卡在树枝上的风筝。2.当先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，即使是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage 等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词 where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。考点 3 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句He wrote many children s boo

14、ks，nearly half of were published in the 1990s.A.whom B.whichC.them D.that答案 B解析 句意为：他写了许多儿童读物，几乎有一半的书是在二十世纪九十年代出版的。逗号之后是一个修饰 childrens books的非限制性定语从句，which 指代 childrens books。考点归纳1.若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用 whom，指物时常用 which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。(1)I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose

15、 help I would never have got this far.我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。(2)We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.我们正在寻找这本书的主人。2.“介词关系词”结构中介词的选用(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。(2)表示“整体和部分关系” ，介词常用 of。常见结构：在 some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，

16、each 等代词或数词的前、后可以用 of which/whom。the比较级或最高级前、后用 of which/whom等。(3)有时“介词where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词which”引导的定语从句从6意思上加以区别。考点 4 非限制性定语从句 The number of smokers， is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.A.it B.which C.what D.as答案 D解析 句意为：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了 17%。as 引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如” ，符合句意，故选 D项。考点

17、归纳关系代词 as与 which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，指代主句的整个意思。但 as和 which具有不同的词义、句法和用法。1.as意为“正如，像” 。as 引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。(1)The famous magician Liu Qian，as we all know，is from Taiwan.众所周知，著名魔术师刘谦来自台湾。(2)As is often the case，girls like dolls while boys like guns.女孩喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。2.which引导的定语从句在意义上近乎并列关

18、系时，可以用 and this，and that代替，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。它只能位于主句的后面。(1)He changed his mind again，which(and this/that) made us all angry.他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。(2)She tore up my photos，which (and that) upset me.她撕碎了我的照片，这使我很不安。3.as有以下常见的“固定表达”：as we all know 众所周知；as I can remember 正如我所记得的；as often happens 正如经常发生的那样；as w

19、e expect 正如我们预料的那样；as you see正如你所见；as was expected 正如预料的那样； as can be seen 看得出来； as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样；as has been said above 如上所述；as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样；as is often the case 情况常常如此；as everybody can do 正如人人都能做到的那样。1.Finally，we didnt reach an agreement.Some agreed on the point while I w

20、as one of opposed it.(2018南开区三模)7A.those who B.thoseC.who D.that答案 A解析 句意为：最后，我们没有达成一致。一些人同意这个观点而我是反对者中的一员。此处考查定语从句，需要有先行词，those，指“那些人” ，定语从句缺少主语，用 that或who，先行词为 those时往往使用 who，故答案为 those who。2.WeChat has greatly changed the way people use mobile phones.(2018南开区三模)A./ B.whichC.why D.where答案 A解析 此处考查

21、定语从句，先行词是 the way，定语从句中缺少方式状语，用 that或 in which引导定语从句，也可以省略关系词。3.We are to hold the sports meeting next weekend， the air quality becomes better.(2018天津部分区县一模)A.which B.when C.where D.while答案 B解析 句意为：我们将在下周末举行运动会，届时空气质量会变好。分析句子可知本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 next weekend，在定语从句中作状语，所以用 when来引导。which作主语或者宾语；where

22、作地点状语；while 不能引导定语从句。4.2018 is the third year of Chinas 13th Five-Year Plan， ecological civilization is an important part.A.of which B.in whichC.for which D.on which答案 A解析 句意为：2018 年是中国的第十三个五年计划的第三年，生态文明是其重要组成部分。此处用 of which来引导非限制性定语从句，表示所属关系。5.Cheer up！Everyone may have periods in their lives every

23、thing seems tough.(2018天津十二区县二模)A.which B.that C.where D.when答案 D解析 定语从句 when everything seems tough修饰先行词 periods，本定语从句很完整，8且先行词表示时间，所以使用关系副词 when。句意为：振作起来！每个人在人生中都会有什么都不顺利的时期的。6.Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？(2017河西区二模)A.he explained B.what he explainedC.how he

24、explained D.why he explained答案 A解析 句意为：这就是他在会议上解释的他工作粗心的原因吗？先行词 reason在定语从句中作 explained的宾语，故选 A。本题易受思维定式的影响而错选 D项。7.They will fly to Chicago， they plan to stay in for two or three days.(2017天津十二区县一模)A.where B.there C.which D.when答案 C解析 根据句子结构可知， they plan to stay in for two or three days 是一个非限制性定语从句

25、，句中 stay in后面缺一个宾语，所以用 which或者 that代指前面的Chicago，但是非限制性定语从句的引导词不能用 that，故选 C。8.Last month，part of the Southeast Asia was struck by floods，from effects the people are still suffering.(2017河东区二模)A.that B.whose C.which D.what答案 B解析 句意为：上个月，东南亚的部分地区遭受洪水袭击，洪水所带来的影响依然在折磨着那里的人们。空后的 effects与先行词 floods之间为从属关系

26、，故选 whose。9.The new buyer identified a dozen new sources for the material， proved to be reliable.(2017南开区二模)A.most of them B.most of whichC.most of whom D.most of those答案 B解析 句意为：新的买家确定了十几个这种材料的新来源，其中大部分来源被证明是可靠的。先行词为 sources，指“物”且在定语从句的主语部分“名/代词介词关系代词”中作介词 of的宾语，故选 B。本题易错选 A项，A 项只能用于并列句中，若用在此处，需要在其

27、前面加并列连词 and或将逗号改为分号。10.There is no easy way to remember prepositions，as it is one area of English the rules seem very irregular.(2018天津十二区县一模)9A.that B.where C.whose D.which答案 B解析 通过分析可知此处是一个定语从句，先行词是 one area of English，且从句中缺少地点状语，因此要用 where来引导。专题强化练(七).单项填空1.In that supermarket on sale is a new ty

28、pe of computer， low price makes it attractive to the students from poor families.(2018红桥区二模)A.whose B.that C.which D.what答案 A解析 句意为：那家超市出售的是一种新型电脑，它低廉的价格对贫困家庭的学生很有吸引力。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 computer，引导词在从句中作定语，意为“计算机的价格” ，所以用 whose来引导。that 不能引导非限制性定语从句；what 不引导定语从句；which 只能在从句中作主语或者宾语。2.Some experts thi

29、nk reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.(2018和平区二模)A.it B.thatC.whose D.which答案 D解析 分析句子结构可知“upon school education depends”为定语从句修饰先行词 skill，介词 upon提前且先行词为物，先行词在从句中作介词 upon的宾语，因此用which引导定语从句。A 项中的 it不能引导定语从句；B 项中 that不能放于介词之后；C项 whose作定语时，应与先行词构成从属关系，排除。3.Ill give you my fri

30、ends home address， I can be reached most evenings.(2018南开区一模)A.which B.when C.whom D.where答案 D解析 先行词是 home address，由于对“can be reached” 不能正确理解，可能会选错答案。 “I can be reached”指的是“我能(在那里)被找到” ，所以定语从句中缺少地点状语，故选“where” 。which 不作状语。when 作时间状语，whom 指人。104.The law must be strictly observed and breaks it shall b

31、e punished.(2017和平区二模)A.those B.those whoC.anyone D.anyone who答案 D解析 由 breaks可知主语为单数形式，因此排除 A、B 两项；C 项缺少引导定语从句的引导词；D 项先行词 anyone指人，引导词用 who，符合语法，故选 D。5.I can well remember that there was a time I will never forget， I stayed with my beloved granny.(2017天津五校联考一模)A.when B.that C.where D.why答案 A解析 此处为非限

32、制性定语从句，先行词是 a time，由于该从句中缺少时间状语，所以此处应使用关系副词 when，故选 A。6.The president stood by a window inside the room， I entered，looking over the square.(2018河东区一模)A.where B.into whichC.which D.that答案 C解析 enter 为及物动词，先行词 the room为其宾语，不需要使用介词，故排除 B，又因空处在从句中作宾语，所以不能用 where，that 不引导非限制性定语从句，故此题只能使用which。7. is often

33、the case，we have worked out the production plan.(2016河北区三模)A.It B.Which C.What D.As答案 D解析 as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的句子。as is often the case 事实往往如此。8.John， money was now no problem，started a new company with his friends.(2017和平区一模)A.for whose B.of whoseC.of whom D.for whom答案 D11解析 句意为：约翰和朋友们一起开了一家新公司，现在对他来说

34、钱不是问题。此处是“介词关系代词”构成的非限制性定语从句，表示“对于来说” ，用介词 for，先行词John在从句中作 for的宾语，指人，故用关系代词 whom，因此 D项正确。9.Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(2018滨海新区七校联考)A.where B.whose C.that D.which答案 A解析 分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词 atmosphere在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where。10.A good advertisement often

35、uses words people attach positive meanings.(2018天津一中 4月考)A.that B.whichC.with which D.to which答案 D解析 attach.to.把附加在上面，在本句中介词 to前置。句意为：一个好的广告通常使用的是人们认为有积极意义的词汇。11.Many universities share teaching resources online，creating a learning space benefits lifelong learners.(2017天津一中 5月考)A.how B.what C.which

36、D.where 答案 C解析 分析句子可知这是一个定语从句，which 指代的是前边句子的意思及“共享教学资源，创造学习空间”这件事，所以用关系代词 which 引导。故选 C。12.I want to work at home on a Tuesday but it turns out，sometimes its a Wednesday or a Thursday.(2018天津一中 3月考)A.as B.that C.when D.since答案 A解析 as it turns out是固定搭配，意为“最终证明，后来发现；结果是；实际上” ，as引导的非限制性定语从句，代指整个主句的内容，

37、意为“正如，就像” 。句意为：我想周二在家工作，但实际上有时却是周三或是周四。13.Like all parents in the world，we want you to grow up in a world is 12full of love and kindness.(2017天津一中 4月考)A.where B.what C.when D.that答案 D解析 根据句意可知空格及其后面的部分为定语从句。定语从句的先行词为指物的 world “世界” ，且定语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词 that/which 引导定语从句。A、C 选项都是关系副词，在定语从句中不可作主语或宾语；B 选

38、项不能引导定语从句。故选 D。14.He worked in a car factory for four years， he founded his own company in his hometown.(2016河东区一模)A.after which B.after whenC.after that D.after it答案 A解析 句意为：他在一家汽车公司工作了四年，在那以后，在家乡建立了自己的公司，after which引导非限制性定语从句，故选 A项。15.I shall never forget those days I lived in the army with the so

39、ldiers， has a great effect on my life.(2016南开区三模)A.that；which B.which；thatC.when；that D.when；which答案 D解析 分析句子结构可知，第一空后的定语从句中缺少状语，先行词是 those days，故选关系副词 when；第二空是非限制性定语从句，which 指代前面的整个句子。that 不引导非限制性定语从句。.完形填空(2018天津部分区县二模)Mansoor Khalid is a 37-year-old taxi driver in New York City.In 2017，his son，S

40、aad，was born with 16 heart disease.When Mr Khalid visited him in the hospital after work，he 17 bring coffee for the doctors and nurses there.These small but regular gifts always 18 them.Last April，Saad died at 18 months old. 19 Mr Khalid was very sad，he always remembered the 20 of the doctors and nu

41、rses when he gave them coffee.He decided to 21 his taxi into a “moving celebration” for his passengers.He spent 300 a month 22 the box on the back seat of his taxi full of sweets.From his 23 in the hospital with his son，Mr Khalid learned that giving 13to others could at least hide his feelings of 24

42、 ，if not heal it.Slowly，his taxi has become famous and he has a 25 stream of customers.He often receives 26 for pickups from fans.But the 13,000 other taxis in New York dont want to follow his 27 .The 300 a month Mr Khalid spends on candy can be a heavy 28 for most taxis.And many drivers dont 29 him

43、 and say its foolish of him to do this.His behavior 30 anger among the other drivers and they even think what Mr Khalid does is to have more customers and he is 31 the rule of the taxi field.But Mr Khalid said he just wanted to give people 32 .“Everybody is depressed because life in New York City is

44、 not an easy one.So when New Yorkers see all the candies and chocolates，they 33 up， ” Mr Khalid explained.“And their happiness makes me happy 34 .And thus I can 35 the pain of losing Saad for a moment.”16.A.ordinary B.slightC.serious D.strong答案 C解析 根据下文“Last April，Saad died at 18 months old.”可知，他的儿子

45、生来患有非常严重的心脏病。17.A.would B.couldC.should D.might答案 A解析 根据下文“he always remembered the of the doctors and nurses when he gave them coffee”可知，哈利德会给医生和护士带来咖啡。18.A.terrified B.puzzledC.excited D.shocked答案 C解析 根据常识及“These small but regular gifts always them.”可知，这些小的却定期送来的礼物让医生和护士倍感激动。19.A.Because B.SinceC.

46、If D.Though 答案 D解析 根据上文及“ Mr Khalid was very sad，he always remembered the of the doctors and nurses when he gave them coffee”可知，18 个月大的儿子去世了，尽管哈利德很难过，但是他仍然记得给医生和护士咖啡时他们的微笑。1420.A.horror B.smileC.worry D.courage答案 B解析 根据上文及“he always remembered the of the doctors and nurses when he gave them coffee”可

47、知，他仍然记得给医生和护士咖啡时他们的微笑。21.A.move B.turnC.drive D.put答案 B解析 根据“He decided to his taxi into a moving celebration for his passengers.”可知，他决定把他的出租车变成一个可以让乘客“移动庆祝”的地方。turn.into.意为“把变成” 。22.A.providing B.fixingC.keeping D.fastening答案 C解析 根据“He spent 300 a month the box on the back seat of his taxi full of

48、sweets.”可知，他每月花 300美元把放在他出租车后座上的那个箱子装满糖果。23.A.experience B.adventureC.expenses D.remarks答案 A解析 experience 经历；adventure 冒险；expenses 花费；remarks 评论。根据上文可知，此处指“通过陪儿子住院的经历” 。24.A.thanks B.lossC.curiosity D.anxiety答案 B解析 根据文章最后两句“And their happiness makes me happy .And thus I can the pain of losing Saad f

49、or a moment.”可知，哈利德明白了给予其他人即使不能治愈他失去儿子的痛苦，也至少可以隐藏起来它。25.A.fast B.clearC.normal D.steady答案 D解析 根据空前的“Slowly，his taxi has become famous”可知，慢慢地出名后，他有了稳定的客源。26.A.answers B.rewards15C.trips D.requests答案 D解析 根据“He often receives for pickups from fans.”可知，他经常收到粉丝要求搭载的要求。27.A.routine B.customC.example D.life答案 C解析