1、1八、词句猜测 句意理解题(2018扬州一模)Competition is an ideology(意识形态) that spreads all over our society and misleads our thinking.But it means no profits for anybody，no meaningful differentiation，and a struggle for survival.We advocate competition，see it as necessary，and set its laws；and as a result，we trap ourse
2、lves within itthe more we compete，the less we gain.Our educational system both drives and reflects our craze for competition.Grades alone are precise measurement of each students competitiveness；pupils with the highest marks receive status and credits.And it gets worse as students rise to higher lev
3、els of the tournament.Higher education is the place where people who had big plans in high school get stuck in fierce competition with equally smart peers over conventional careers like management consulting and investment banking.For the privilege of being turning into conformists(顺从者)，students (or
4、 their families) pay hundreds of thousands of dollars in rapidly rising tuition.Why are we doing this to ourselves?I wish I had asked myself when I was younger.My path was so tracked that in my 8th-grade yearbook，one of my friends predictedaccuratelythat four years later I would enter Stanford.And I
5、 enrolled at Stanford Law School，where I competed even harder for the standard badges(徽章) of success.The highest prize in a law students world is unambiguous：the Supreme Court clerkship.I was so 2close to winning this last competition.If only I got the clerkship，I thought，I would be set for life.But
6、 I didnt.At the time，I was frustrated.In 2004，after I had built and sold PayPal，I ran into an old friend who had helped me prepare for my failed clerkship applications.We hadnt spoken in nearly a decade.His first words to me were not “Hi Peter” or “How are you doing？” But rather， “So，arent you glad
7、you didnt get that clerkship？” Because if I hadnt lost that last competition，we both knew that I never would have left the track laid down since middle school.Had I actually clerked on the Supreme Court，I probably would have spent my entire career taking depositions or drafting other peoples busines
8、s deals instead of creating anything new.Its hard to say how much would be different，but the opportunity costs were enormous.Looking back at my ambition to become a lawyer，it looks less like a plan for the future and more like an excuse for the present.It was a way to explain to anyone who would ask
9、to my parents，to my peers，and most of all to myselfthat there was no need to worry.I was perfectly on track.But it turned out that my biggest problem was taking the track without thinking really hard about where it was going.语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。作者用自己的事例阐述了一个人不应该盲目地随大流，而应该有自己的目标和计划。1Students compete at sch
10、ool because .Athey are assessed by gradesBthey are under peer pressureCthey want to find a secure jobDthe tuition increases quickly答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Higher education is the place where people who had big plans in high school get stuck in fierce competition with equally smart peers over conventio
11、nal careers like management consulting and investment banking.”可知，学生在学校竞争是为了以后找到一份稳定的工作。2We can learn from Paragraph 3 that the writer .Adidnt have a clear plan for futureBdid badly in study in the 8th grade3Cwasnt a capable student in collegeDdidnt want to obtain the clerkship答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“
12、I wish I had asked myself when I was younger.”可知，作者很后悔当初没有弄清楚为什么要这样做，由此可知当时他对未来缺乏清晰的规划。3The underlined sentence “the opportunity costs were enormous” (in Paragraph 4) shows the writer .Ais unsure whether his choice is correctBregrets failing clerkship applicationsCis happy about not getting the cler
13、kshipDthinks he could have had a better career答案 C解析 句意理解题。根据第四段中的“Had I actually clerked on the Supreme Court，I probably would.Its hard to say how much would be different，but the opportunity costs were enormous.”可知，作者对于没有成为最高法院的职员是感到高兴的。4The writer shares his life story mainly to argue that .Apeopl
14、e shouldnt support competitionBgrades cannot reflect students abilityCfailure can be a good thing sometimesDwe shouldnt follow other people blindly答案 D解析 写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句“But it turned out that my biggest problem was taking the track without thinking really hard about where it was going.”可知，作者分享这个故事
15、的目的是告诉人们不要盲目地跟随他人，而应该有自己的目标和计划。一、题型解读记叙文、说明文和议论文中可能会考查句意猜测题。要求考生用合适的语句解释一个具有概括性的句子或格言谚语。设问形式常有：1The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “ ” 2Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in the last 4paragraph?二、解题技巧“意义吻合”定句意例如：【感悟体会】中第 3题：第一步：速读文章，并标出文章中与画线句子相关的句子(1)Had I
16、 actually clerked on the Supreme Court，I probably would have spent my entire career taking depositions or drafting other peoples business deals instead of creating anything new.(2)Its hard to say how much would be different，but the opportunity costs were enormous.第二步：对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案由第(1)句话可知，要是作者成
17、为最高法院的职员，一辈子就不会有所创新了。第(2)句话的意思是“很难说有什么不同，但是这个机会成本是巨大的” 。由此可推知作者对于没有成为最高法院的职员是感到高兴的。A(2018湖南郴州质检)6Companion planting is the idea that when some crops are planted together，they help each other grow.These 1compatible plants generally have similar needs for nutrients，soil and 2moisture.Advice for compan
18、ion planting is sometimes based more on tradition than proof. But Fabian Fernandez at the University of Illinois says there is evidence for some combinations.These can lead to better crops，reduce disease and help with pest control by attracting helpful insects.For example，some kinds of soil bacteria
19、 take nitrogen(氮) from the air and make a form that plants can use.The plants keep the nitrogen in their roots.Legumes(豆类) are especially good at this.Any crops sharing the same space can get the nitrogen as the roots decompose(腐烂)Crops like beans and potatoes，carrots and cabbages，beans and rice can
20、 5also share territory well because their roots reach different levels in the soil.Deep-rooted vegetables get nutrients and moisture from lower down，so they do not compete with shallower plants.But some plants placed together may harm each others development.For example，tomatoes do not like wet soil
21、 but watercress does，as the name suggests.So you would probably not want to put them together.Even after harvest，some kinds of produce should be kept apart.Apples，for example，release ethylene gas，a plant 3hormone.It can cause other foods to ripen(成熟) too quickly.Markets often separate high ethylene-
22、producing foods from those that are sensitive to the gas.But sometimes you might want them together.For example，if you put an apple in a bag with a green banana，the banana will be ready to eat sooner.Now what about peaches，plums and nectarines that are too firm to eat? Growers in California answer t
23、his question at .They say an apple，a banana or a riper piece of fruit is not needed.The peaches，plums and nectarines themselves release enough of the gas to ripen successfully.Heres their advice：place the fruit in a fruit bowl or in a paper bag with the top folded over.Keep the fruit at room tempera
24、ture.When the fruit is soft enough to your liking，either use it or place it in a refrigerator to stop further ripening.语篇解读 本文介绍了兼容种植的原理和方法。兼容种植是指当一些作物被种植在一起时，它们互相帮助生长。1What are the basic needs for companion planting?AGood old companions.BSome kinds of soil bacteria.CSimilar needs for nutrients，soil
25、 and moisture.DHelpful insects.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“These compatible plants generally have similar needs for nutrients，soil and moisture.”可知，兼容模式种植的基本要求是对“nutrients，soil and moisture”有相似的需求。故答案为 C。2What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A 4To some extent，companion plan
26、ting relies more on traditional experience.6BIn the field of companion planting，proof always speaks louder than tradition.CTraditional experience is much less reliable than scientific experiments.DScientific researches have thrown light on the theory of companion planting.答案 A解析 句意理解题。画线句子的意思是在某种程度上
27、，兼容种植更多地依赖于传统经验。故选 A。3According to the text，which group of plants are not suitable to be planted together?ABeans and potatoes.BTomatoes and watercress.CCarrots and cabbages.DBeans and rice.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“For example，tomatoes do not like wet soil but watercress does，as the name suggests.So yo
28、u would probably not want to put them together.”可知，西红柿和豆瓣菜不适合在一起种植。故答案为 B。4What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?AWe should choose fruit from markets as often as possible.BThe peaches，plums and nectarines should always be put together to get riper.CThe fruit in a fruit bowl or in a paper
29、 bag should be eaten as soon as possible.DWe should not place any ripening fruit out in direct sunlight.答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，我们应当把水果放在水果碗里或纸袋里。保持水果在室温下，当水果柔软到你喜欢的程度的时候，要么用掉它要么放到冰箱里。由此可推知我们不应该把任何成熟的水果放在阳光直射的地方。故选 D。BAfter four silent years，the 27-year-old British singer Adele Adkins has finally intr
30、oduced herself to the world again with Hello，the opening song from her third album 25，which will 8come out on Nov.20.Although Adele is a very successful singer now，music wasnt always what she saw herself doing.At age 10，when she saw her grandmothers pain over the death of Adeles grandfather，she 7pic
31、tured herself as a heart surgeon.“I wanted to fix peoples hearts， ” she told the UK music website i-7D，remembering the childhood interest shed had in biology classes until she found out that her real talent was for singing.Adele didnt go to medical school，but many would agree that she still has heal
32、ing(治愈) powers.“Her songs find the kind of memory every listener holds somewhere in their heart.This kind of feeling is what people have always liked in Adele， ” said The Telegraph.“She writes a pop diary，sharing the simple secrets of her heart.”Most successful pop stars make albums at a fast pace，b
33、ut not Adele.After her second album 21 won the 2012 Grammy Award for Album of the Year，she made it clear with her label that she would spend “four or five years” making her next album.She told Vogue magazine， “I wont come out with new music until its better than 21.”Instead of seeking 5fame，Adele re
34、mained silent and moved to the countryside.In her free time，she loved to watch TV series Teen Mom， American Horror Story，and The Walking Dead.Living life as normally as possible is important to the singers art.“Nobody wants to listen to a record from someone whos not living in the real world， ” Adel
35、e told i-D.“So I live a low-key life for my fans.”语 篇 解 读 本 文 主 要 讲 述 了 英 国 著 名 歌 手 阿 黛 尔 在 音 乐 上 取 得 成 功 的 秘 密 。5What does the text mainly tell us?AThe popularity of Adeles album 25.BThe healing powers of Adeles music.CThe secrets of Adeles success in music.DThe reason for Adeles becoming a singer.
36、答案 C解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后三段可推知，本文主要讲述了阿黛尔在音乐上取得成功的秘密。故选 C。6What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AAdele wasnt interested in music.BAdele wasnt good at music at first.CMusic wasnt very important in Adeles life.DMusic wasnt all Adele wanted to be devoted to.答案 D解析 句意理解题。根据第二段末句“
37、At age 10，when she saw her grandmothers 8pain over the death of Adeles grandfather，she pictured herself as a heart surgeon.”可知，10 岁时，当阿黛尔看到祖父的去世给祖母带来的伤痛时，她想成为一名外科医生，减轻别人的痛苦。由此可推知，音乐并不是阿黛尔想要的全部。故选 D。7Why doesnt Adele want to make albums at a fast pace?ATo live a low-key life.BTo win the Grammy Award.
38、CTo guarantee the quality of her music.DTo share the secrets of her heart as a musician.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“She told Vogue magazine， I wont come out with new music until its better than 21.” 并结合最后两段的整体内容可推知，阿黛尔放慢做音乐的速度是为了追求高质量的音乐。故选 C。8What can we know about Adele?AHer album Hello will come out on
39、Nov.20.BShe has kept a diary since childhood.CShe moved to the countryside before 2012.DHer works are based on real life.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“Nobody wants to listen to a record from someone whos not living in the real world， Adele told i-D.So I live a low-key life for my fans.”可知，阿黛尔的音乐作品基于真实的生活。
40、故选 D。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1Today there are lots of smartphone apps to choose.But theyre all different and not compatible with other smartphone operating systems.兼容的2They require little water，perhaps because they obtain much of their moisture from their food.水分3A hormone is a chemical，usual
41、ly occurring naturally in your body，that makes an organ of your body do something.荷尔蒙；激素4Do you think your happiness is tied，at least to some extent，to your 9financial situation？在某种程度上5She was one of the most popular stars of our time and she could sit back and enjoy her fame and fortune.名声；名望(二)同义词
42、语替换6Although she finished her voyage without a companion，she did not start it alone.fellow；friend7We found it hard to picture him as the father of a young girl.imagine(三)一词多义8come out 出来，出现；开花，发芽；出版，发表(1)Were going to come out with a new dictionary next month.出版，发表(2)I have lots of ideas，but they ne
43、ver seem to come out of my mouth.出来(3)Some flowers have begun to come out.开花.长难句理解1Markets often separate high ethylene-producing foods from those that are sensitive to the gas.句式分析 本句话是一个复合句，句子的主干部分由短语 separate.from.构成，those 指代前面的 foods；that are sensitive to the gas 是定语从句。精美译文 市场把乙烯含量高的食品与那些对乙烯气体敏感
44、的食物分开。2After her second album 21 won the 2012 Grammy Award for Album of the Year，she made it clear with her label that she would spend “four or five years” making her next album.句式分析 本句话是一个复合句，主干部分是主谓宾宾补结构，it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that she would spend “four or five years” making her next album；After her seco
45、nd album 21 won the 2012 Grammy Award for Album of the Year是时间状语。精美译文 在她的第二张专辑21获得了 2012年年度格莱美奖后，她明确表示要花四、五年的时间出下一张专辑。专题强化练(二十二).单项填空1He writing the paper now.He hadnt written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago.Ashouldnt be Bcant have finished10Ccant be Dmustnt have finished答案 B解析 句意为：他现在
46、一定还没完成论文，十分钟前我离开他的时候，他还没有动笔。此处表示否定猜测“不可能做过”用 cant have done。故选 B项。2Isnt it lovely to think that I myself on the sunny beach tomorrow at this time?Awill enjoy Bam enjoyingCwill be enjoying Dshall enjoy答案 C解析 根据时间状语 tomorrow at this time可知，此处表示将来的一个时间点正在做某事，故用将来进行时。句意为：想到明天的这个时候我正在阳光明媚的沙滩上玩耍，难道不是一件快乐的
47、事吗？3Dont you know its the first time he this kind of meeting?Aattends BattendedChas attended Dis attending答案 C解析 在“It is the first time that.”结构中，that 从句中的动词用现在完成时。4I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like .I told you not to eat at a restaurant.Youd better at home.Ato throw up；to eat Bthrowing
48、up；eatingCto throw up；eat Dthrowing up；eat答案 D解析 feel like 想要，后接名词或动名词；had better 最好，后接动词原形。故选项 D正确。5Do you mind if I record your lecture? .Go ahead.ANever mind BNo wayCNot at all DNo.Youd better not答案 C解析 根据后面的“Go ahead.”可知，说话者同意(不介意)对方对其讲座进行录音，因此选 C，即“不介意” 。6A good advertisement often uses words p
49、eople attach positive meanings.Athat Bwhich11Cwith which Dto which答案 D解析 attach.to.把与联系起来，在本句中介词 to前置，构成“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意为：一个好的广告通常使用让人产生积极联想的词汇。7Nancy enjoyed herself so much she visited her friends in Sydney last year.Athat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere答案 C解析 when 引导的是时间状语从句，表示“当南希去年在悉尼拜访朋友的时候” 。8The good service at the ho
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