1、1第二节 分类突破一、记叙文(2018江苏)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.Their savings had been 36 to pay lawyers fees.To make matters worse，Moth was diagnosed(诊断) with a 37 disease.There was no 38 ，only pain relief.Failing to find any other way out，they decided to make a
2、 39 journey，as they caught sight of an old hikers(徒步旅行者) guide.This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and 40 recovery.When leaving home，Raynor and Moth had just 320 in the bank.They planned to keep the 41 low by living on boiled noodles，with the 42 hamburger shop treat.Wild camping is 43 i
3、n England.To avoid being caught，the Winns had to get their tent up 44 and packed it away early in the morning.The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot 45 than they remember it was in their 20s.Raynor 46 all over and desired a bath.Moth，meanwhile，after an initial 47 ，found hi
4、s symptoms were strangely 48 by their daily tiring journey.49 ，the couple found that their bodies turned for the better，with re-2found strong muscles that they thought had 50 forever.“Our hair was f ried and falling out，nails broken，clothes 51 to a thread，but we were alive.”During the journey，Raynor
5、 began a career as a nature writer.She writes， “ 52 had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare，an empty page at the end of a(n) 53 written book.It had also given me a 54 ，either to leave that page 55 or to keep writing the story with hope.I chose hope.”语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。一对夫妻因为投资不当而变得无家
6、可归、穷困潦倒；更糟糕的是，丈夫被诊断出得了严重的疾病。走投无路之时，夫妻俩决定徒步旅行，长途跋涉虽然辛苦，但却使他们慢慢地找到了生活的方向。36A.drawn up Bused upCbacked up Dkept up答案 B解析 文章开头交代，夫妻俩因投资不当而变得无家可归。由此可推知，为了支付律师费，他们的积蓄被用完(use up)了。draw up 起草，(车辆)停下；back up 支持；keep up 保持，继续。37A.mild BcommonCpreventable Dserious答案 D解析 由空前的“to make matters worse”(更糟糕的是)及后文的提示
7、“only pain relief”可知 Moth被诊断出得了重(serious)病。mild 温和的，轻微的；common 常见的；preventable可预防的。38A.cure BluckCcare Dpromise答案 A解析 由空后的“only pain relief”可知，此处是说该病无法治愈(cure)。luck 运气，好运；care 关怀，照料；promise 许诺，答应。39A.business BwalkingCbus Drail答案 B解析 由空后的 hikers可知是徒步旅行，故选 walking。business 商业；bus 公共汽车；rail铁路。340A.exp
8、ected BfrighteningCdisappointing Dsurprising答案 D解析 由下文可知这次徒步旅行收到了惊人的(surprising)康复效果。expected 预期的；frightening吓人的；disappointing 令人失望的。41A.budget BrevenueCcompensation Dallowance答案 A解析 空前提到，他们只有 320英镑，空后提到他们以煮面条为食，由此可知他们计划保持低预算(budget)。revenue 税收，收益；compensation 补偿费，赔偿金；allowance 津贴，零用钱。42A.frequent B
9、occasionalCabundant Dconstant答案 B解析 因为预算低，他们只能靠煮面条过活，偶尔(occasional)去汉堡店款待一下自己。空后的 treat是名词，有“款待”之意。因为预算低，所以去汉堡店不可能是 frequent“频繁的” 、abundant“充足的”或 constant“经常的” 。43A.unpopular BlawfulCattractive Dillegal答案 D解析 由下文的“To avoid being caught”(避免被抓)可知，在英国，野外宿营是非法的(illegal)。unpopular 不流行的；lawful 合法的；attract
10、ive 吸引人的。44A.soon BearlyClate Dslowly答案 C解析 为了避免被抓，他们只好很晚(late)才撑起帐篷并且一早就把帐篷收起来。显然，该空与 early相对，只能选 late。soon 快，不久；early 早；slowly 缓慢地。45A.harder BeasierCcheaper Dfunnier答案 A解析 根据常识及下文的 Raynor浑身疼痛可知夫妻俩很快发现，他们在 50多岁时的徒步旅行比记忆中 20多岁时的徒步旅行艰难多了(harder)。easier 更容易的；cheaper 更便宜的；funnier更有趣的。46A.rolled Bbled4
11、Cached Dtrembled答案 C解析 通读上下文可知，夫妻俩都 50多岁了，每天徒步旅行，Raynor 浑身疼痛(ache all over)，想洗个澡。roll 滚动；bleed 流血；tremble 颤抖。47A.struggle BprogressCexcitement Dresearch答案 A解析 上文提到 Moth得了重病，所以旅行开始时他一定是痛苦的，故选 struggle“挣扎” 。progress进步；excitement 兴奋；research 研究，调查。48A.developed BcontrolledCreduced Dincreased答案 C解析 由空前的
12、 strangely(奇怪地)及下一段中的“their bodies turned for the better”(他们的身体好转了)可知 Moth的症状减轻(reduce)了。develop 发展，成长；control控制；increase 增加。49A.Initially BEventuallyCTemporarily DConsequently答案 B解析 最后(eventually)，夫妻俩发现他们的身体都有所好转。initially 最初；temporarily临时地；consequently 因此，所以。50A.gained BkeptCwounded Dlost答案 D解析 夫妻
13、俩身体好转，发现本以为永远消失(lose)了的强壮肌肉重新出现了。gain 获得；keep保持；wound 使受伤。51A.sewn BwashedCworn Dironed答案 C解析 由空前描述的“头发干枯脱落，指甲断裂”可知该空是说衣服被磨损(wear)成线。sew缝；wash 洗；iron 熨。52A.Doctors BHikingCLawyers DHomelessness答案 D解析 通读上下文可知，把她所有物质的东西都带走的不可能是“医生” “徒步旅行”或5“律师” ，而应是无家可归(homelessness)。53A.well BpartlyCneatly Doriginall
14、y答案 B解析 句意为：无家可归带走了我所有物质的东西，我被撕得支离破碎，在人生这本已经写完一部分的书的最后留下空白的一页。Raynor 把自己目前的人生比作已经写完一部分的书(partly written book)。well written写得好；neatly written写得整洁；originally written原创的。54A.choice BrewardCpromise Dbreak答案 A解析 由空后的 either.or.及最后一句“I chose hope.(我选择了希望)”可知该处意为“它也给了我一个选择(choice)” 。reward 奖赏，报酬；promise 承诺
15、；break 间歇。55A.loose BfullCblank Dmissing答案 C解析 上文的“an empty page”提示该空填 blank(空白的)。给 Raynor的选择是“或者留着那页空白或者带着希望继续写故事” 。loose 松的；full 满的；missing 丢失的。一、题型解读记叙文完形填空可分为叙事和记人两种形式，它们有几个显著的特点：以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅；大量使用动词；适当出现直接引语。二、解题技巧1抓住文章中心。 中心思想是文章的灵魂和统帅，其他的写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。 抓住中心有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。2明确叙述角度。 通常记叙文有两
16、大叙述角度：第一人称和第三人称。 第一人称就是从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述，考生可从字里行间读出作者对人物、事件或景色的情感态度。第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。 在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法” ，即假设自己就是文中的角色会有什么感受、做出怎样的选择等，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。3理清写作顺序。 根据写作的需要作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法进行叙述。 理清这些线索有助于了解事情发展的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。4明确写作要素。 包括事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、事件的内容(what)、人物6(who)、原因(why)等
17、。 弄清了这些要素也就基本上抓住了文章的主体，理解了整篇文章。5洞悉写作目的。 同学们要知道就事论事绝不是记叙文的最终目的，而最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。 因此，只有在分析具体情节的基础上认真体会文字背后的东西才能洞悉作者的写作目的，抓住文章的主题。(2018山东德州二模)A few days ago，I 6observed a teenager doing yardwork that his dad had told him to do.Instead of doing the task 1 ，he wandered around there for hours， 2
18、 to himself and doing a bad job.The person he hurt the most was himself.His dad was trying to teach him 3 and how to do a good job.As a result of his 4 attitude，he spent the whole afternoon finishing a task that should have taken one or two hours.And the yard 5 wasnt clean enough when he got through
19、.He 6 his day because of his attitude.And his dad was 7 with him，and the boy s bad mood ended up 8 the whole family that day.A sweet lady was working in a fast-food 9 .The minute I walked in，she welcomed me 10 .She smiled as she took my 7order，and then as we 11 for the food，she talked with me.As I w
20、alked off with my 1tray，she said with a big 12 ， “I hope you have a 2blessed day！” I think the food tasted better because of her 13 .There was a delay，during which I sat there hearing her singing as she 14 her tasks behind the counter.She wasnt making a large salary，and she didnt have a powerful 15
21、，either.In addition，she stood on her feet for a long shift each day，often dealing with 16 customers.But she chose to be joyful.I want to 17 from her.I want to do my best， even when theres no 18 or 3glory.Other people are watching me 19 I might not realize it at the time.I want to bring joy to all th
22、ose around me.A(n) 20 can make a great difference.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，文章通过对比一个小男孩与一个餐厅女服务员对自己做的事情的不同态度，以及所带来的不同结果，作者告诉我们一种积极的态度可以给人带来很大的快乐。1A.gradually Bhappily7Csecretly Dsilently答案 B解析 gradually 渐渐地；happily 高兴地；secretly 秘密地；silently 沉默地。根据本段最后“doing a bad job”可知，小男孩不是开心地做这项工作，而是在那里逛了几个小时，自我抱怨，工作也干得不好。故选
23、 B。2A.responding BapplyingCexplaining Dcomplaining答案 D解析 respond 回应；apply 申请；explain 解释；complain 抱怨。解析参见上题。故选D。3A.goodness BsafetyCresponsibility Dgardening答案 C解析 goodness 善良；safety 安全；responsibility 责任；gardening 园艺。根据“how to do a good job”可知，此处指他的父亲教他要有责任。故选 C。4A.poor BpositiveCstrange Defficient答案
24、 A解析 poor 不好的，不佳的，恶劣的，贫穷的；positive 积极的；strange 奇怪的；efficient有效率的。根据后半句“he spent the whole afternoon finishing a task that should have taken one or two hours”可知，他做事的态度不好。故选 A。5A.almost BevenCstill Dever答案 C解析 almost 几乎；even 甚至；still 仍然；ever 曾经。根据上文可知，当他完成任务的时候，院子还不够干净。故选 C。6A.lost BruinedCperfected D
25、changed答案 B解析 lose 失去；ruin 毁掉；perfect 使完美；change 改变。根据上文“As a result of his attitude”可知，他的不好的态度毁掉了这一天。故选 B。7A.upset BpleasedCimpressed Dsatisfied8答案 A解析 upset 烦恼的；pleased 感到高兴的；impressed 印象深刻的；satisfied 感到满意的。他父亲对他很生气。be upset with sb.对某人生气。故选 A。8A.breaking BbenefitingCaffecting Dcontrolling答案 C解析 b
26、reak 破坏；benefit 有利于；affect 影响；control 控制。那天这个男孩的坏心情影响了整个家庭。故选 C。9A.factory BrestaurantCsupermarket Dshop答案 B解析 factory 工厂；restaurant 餐厅；supermarket 超市；shop 商店。由下文“she took my order”可知，此处指，一位甜美的女士在一家快餐店工作。故选 B。10A.warmly BproudlyCseriously Dcoldly答案 A解析 warmly 热情地；proudly 自豪地；seriously 严肃地；coldly 冷淡地
27、。我一走进来，她热情地欢迎我。由后面的 smiled也可知。故选 A。11A.looked BaskedCwaited Dstruggled答案 C解析 look 看；ask 问；wait 等待；struggle 挣扎。由常识可知，点完菜后，自然要等待食物上来，故可知此处指我们在等饭菜时她和我交谈。wait for 等待。故选 C。12A.shout BsmileCcheer Ddecision答案 B解析 shout 大喊；smile 微笑；cheer 欢呼；decision 决定。当我拿着我的托盘走的时候，她带着一个大的微笑说：“我希望你有一个幸福的日子！” with a smile微笑着
28、。故选B。13A.experience BtrustCcourage Dkindness答案 D解析 experience 经验；trust 信任；courage 勇气；kindness 善良。根据上文“She smiled as she took my order，and then as we for the food，she talked with 9me.”可知，这个女服务员很善良。故选 D。14A.performed BstartedCdiscovered Dplanned答案 A解析 perform 做，履行，执行；start 开始；discover 发现；plan 计划。我在逗留期
29、间，听见她在柜台后面边工作边唱歌。perform ones task 执行任务，做工作。故选 A。15A.appearance B 4motivationCposition Deffort答案 C解析 appearance 外表；motivation 动机，积极性，推动；position 位置；effort 努力。她没有高薪水，也没有强有力的职位。故选 C。16A.ordinary BpainfulCimportant Ddifficult答案 D解析 ordinary 普通的；painful 痛苦的；important 重要的；difficult 困难的。此外，她每天都站着做长时间的轮班，经
30、常和难缠的顾客打交道。但她选择了快乐。故选 D。17A.escape BlearnChear Ddiffer答案 B解析 escape 逃脱；learn 学习；hear 听见；differ 不同。我想向她学习。learn from向学习。故选 B。18A.applause BregretCsadness Dforgiveness答案 A解析 applause 欢呼；regret 遗憾；sadness 伤心；forgiveness 宽恕。即使没有掌声和荣耀，我也要尽我最大的努力。故选 A。19A. 5now that Bin caseCeven though Das if答案 C解析 now t
31、hat 既然；in case 万一；even though 即使；as if 好像。其他人都在看着我，尽管我当时可能没有意识到这一点。由句意可知，此处是 even though引导的让步状语从句。故选 C。20A.lifestyle BattitudeChabit Dattempt10答案 B解析 lifestyle 生活方式；attitude 态度；habit 习惯；attempt 企图。由全文语境可知，一种态度可以起很大的作用。故选 B。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1 .A tray is a flat piece of wood，plastic，or m
32、etal，which usually has raised edges and which is used for carrying things，especially food and drinks.托盘2I will be forever grateful for，and feel blessed by these treasures.幸福的3Glory is the fame and admiration that you gain by doing something impressive.光荣，荣耀4Your motivation for doing something is wha
33、t causes you to want to do it.动机(二)同义词语替换5Now that were in Europe we ought to visit the Netherlands.since(三)一词多义 6observe vt.庆祝；观察；遵守(1)Someone who doesnt observe traffic regulations will sweat.遵守(2)Take some time and observe how you value yourself and what you do.观察(3)Tom has returned to his hometo
34、wn where he will observe Thanksgiving with family members.庆祝7order n命令；条理，顺序；规则；贸易 定单； vt.命令；整理；定购；点食物/饮料(1)The general gave the order to advance.命令(2)Get your ideas into some sort of order before beginning to write.条理，顺序(3)The policeman ordered the drunken man out of the shop.命令(4)He ordered a book
35、 from the publisher.定购(5)They got into a restaurant and asked for a menu to order their meal.点食物/饮料.长难句理解1As a result of his poor attitude，he spent the whole afternoon finishing a task that should have taken one or two hours.11句式分析 本句话是复合句，主句是 he spent the whole afternoon finishing a task，为主谓宾结构；tha
36、t should have taken one or two hours是定语从句，修饰 a task。精美译文 由于他恶劣的态度，他花了一整个下午才完成本该一两个小时就能完成的任务。2There was a delay，during which I sat there hearing her singing as she performed her tasks behind the counter.句式分析 本句话是复合句，主句是 There was a delay；during which I sat there hearing her singing as she performed h
37、er tasks behind the counter是“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，在从句中 hearing.作伴随状语，singing 作宾补；as she performed her tasks behind the counter是时间状语从句。精美译文 我在逗留期间，听到她在柜台后面边干活边唱歌。专题强化练(十三).单项填空1Ted couldnt remember the exact date of the storm，but he knew it was Sunday because everybody was at church.A/；the Ba；/C/；a Dthe；/答
38、案 B解析 第一空填 a，表示不确定的某个星期天；第二空不填，at church做礼拜。句意为：特德记不得风暴的具体日期了，只记得是个星期天，因为每个人都在做礼拜。故选 B。2The company and the effect brought about did great good to our business in the market.Ait BwhichCthat Dwhat答案 A解析 句中的 it代指 the company，it brought about为定语从句，先行词 the effect作 brought about的宾语，故其后省略了关系词 which或 that。
39、句意为：这家公司及其所带来的影响对我们在市场上的业务有很大的好处。故选 A。3Nowadays，more and more young ladies， figures most are fine enough，are going on a diet.Awho BwhoseCof whose Dof whom12答案 C解析 句中先行词 ladies在非限定性定语从句中作 figures的定语，故用 whose。再根据most表示“大部分” ，后接介词 of表示范围，相当于 most of young ladies figures。句意为：如今，越来越多的年轻女士都在节食，其中大多数身材都不错。
40、故选 C。4The artist is said during the production and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of Kenya.Ato be cheatedBbeing cheatedCto have been cheatedDhaving been cheated答案 C解析 “sb.be said to do”表示“据说某人” ，再根据后句“and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of Kenya”可知事情已经发生，故用不定式的完成式。句意为：据说这位艺术
41、家在制片过程中被人骗了，因此在肯尼亚的每一个地方都有盗版光碟出售。故选 C。5 ，I believe，and you will find Tom is outgoing.AHaving a talk with the studentBOne talk with the studentCGiven a talk with the studentDIf you have a talk with the student答案 B解析 句意为：和这位学生谈一谈，我相信你会发现汤姆非常友好。本题是“祈使句and陈述句”结构，前面的祈使句也可以是名词(短语)。故选 B。6 at the back of th
42、e room was a shy girl with two big eyes.ASat BSitCSeating DSeated答案 D解析 本句是一个倒装句，seated 为形容词作表语。句意为：在房间的后面坐着一个害羞的女孩，她有两只大眼睛。故选 D。7 if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?AWould you be surprisedBWere you surprisedCHad you been surprised13DWould you have been surprised答案 D解析 本句
43、考查 if引导的虚拟条件句。从句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时，主句是对将来的假设，用 wouldhave done。句意为：如果昨天没有事先让你知道我到了，你会惊讶吗？故选 D。8It is not socially for parents to leave children unattended at that age.Aaccessible BadorableCadaptable Dacceptable答案 D解析 句意为：让那个年龄的孩子无人照看，父母会受到社会指责的。acceptable 可以接受的；accessible 可以接触到的；adorable 迷人的，可爱的；adaptabl
44、e 有适应力的。9She had experienced many hardships the journeys，but she was amazed at the sight of the beautiful scene.Ain view of Bin terms ofCin case of Din the course of答案 D解析 句意为：在旅途的过程中她经历了许多困难，但是在看见美景的时候，她很惊奇。in the course of在这里意为“在过程中” ，符合题意。in view of鉴于，考虑到；in terms of根据，就而言；in case of 万一，如果。10The
45、introduction of modern technique from abroad makes it necessary for skilled workers to unskilled workers.Atake place Btake overCtake down Dtake the place of答案 D解析 take place发生；take over接管；take down记下；take the place of取代。根据句意可知选 D。11That was not the first time he us.I think its high time we strong ac
46、tion against him.Abetrayed；takeBhad betrayed；tookChas betrayed；tookDhas betrayed；take答案 B14解析 根据时间状语 the first time可知，从句中应使用完成时态；句中使用的是“That was.”，故应使用过去完成时。在固定搭配 its (high/about) time.中，从句应使用一般过去时或“should动词原形”表示虚拟语气。句意为：那不是他第一次背叛我们了。我认为我们是时候该对他采取强硬措施了。故选 B。12The countrys chief exports are coal，cars
47、 and cotton goods，cars the most important of these.Ahave been BareCbeing Dare being答案 C解析 英语中两个简单句之间一般不能只用“， ”隔开。此句中，分词结构 being the most important of these有自己的逻辑主语，即 cars，此部分在主句中充当状语，起到对主句进行补充说明的作用。句意为：该国的主要出口产品是煤、汽车和棉花制品，汽车是其中最重要的。故选 C。13His strong sense of humor was make everyone in the room burst
48、 out laughing.Aso as to Bsuch as toCso that Dsuch that答案 B解析 因为 such that, so that 后只能接从句。而该题在 be动词后应是表语，such 这里作表语，不定式前面的 as跟 such搭配，说明 such的程度达到了某种结果，不定式作结果状语。句意为：他如此幽默，全屋的人都被他逗乐了。故选 B。14Hes as a “bellyacher” hes always complaining about something.Awho is knownBwhom is knownCwhat is knownDwhich is known答案 C解析 who 的先行词一般是人，在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语；whom 为 who的宾格形式，在定语从句中充当宾语；what 在表语从句中充当宾语或表语或主语，也可以用来充当两种成分；which 的先行词通常是物或者事，在定语从句中充当主语。句意为：他作为一个满腹牢骚者而出名他总是在抱怨一些事情。此处的空格充当
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