2019年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破专题16追本溯源　阅读理解之推理判断与主旨大意热点难点突破.doc

1、1专题 16 追本溯源 阅读理解之推理判断与主旨大意一、 “Can I see my baby？” asked the happy new mother.The bundle(婴儿包) was placed in her arms and when she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face，she gaspedthe baby had been born without ears.Time，however，proved that the babys hearing was perfect except his appearan

2、ce.One day when he rushed home from school and threw himself into his mothers arms，he cried out bitterly， “A boy，a big boy.called mea freak.” She sighed，knowing that his life was to be endless of heartbreaks.He grew up，handsome for his misfortune.A favorite with his fellow students，he might have bee

3、n class president，but for that.He developed a gift for literature and music.The boys father had a talk with the family doctor.“Could nothing be done？” “I believe we could graft(移植) on a pair of outer ears，if they could be donated， ” the doctor decided.So the search began for a person who would make

4、such a sacrifice for a young man.Two years went by.Then， “Youre going to the hospital，son.Mother and I have someone who will donate the ears you need.But its a secret.” said the father.The operation was a brilliant success.His talents blossomed into genius.School and college became a series of succe

5、sses.Later，he married and entered the diplomatic(外交) service.“But I must know！” he urged his father.“Who gave so much for me? I could never do enough for him.” “I do not believe you could， ” said the father， “but the agreement was that you are not to know.not yet.” The years kept the secret，but the

6、day did comeone of the darkest days that ever passed through a son.He stood with his father over his mothers casket(棺材).Slowly and tenderly，the father stretched forth a hand and raised the thick，reddish-brown hair to let out the secret.1.The story is mainly about .A.how a boy had new ears through an

7、 operationB.what a devoted parent privately did for the childC.how a disabled boy turned into a useful person D.why a donator made a sacrifice to a bright boy2答案 B解析 主旨大意题。本文主要讲了一位伟大无私的母亲把自己的耳朵捐给自己的孩子的故事。故选B。2.From the first paragraph we know that the mother .A.was determined to donate her ears to p

8、erfect her sonB.kept her husband unknown about the babys situationC.felt shocked and disappointed to see her new babyD.complained of her bad luck to have a disabled child答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“when she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face，she gaspedthe baby had been born without ears”可知，

9、母亲看到她的新生儿没有耳朵感到震惊和失望。3.The underlined word “freak” in Paragraph 2 is the closest in meaning to “ ”.A.slow-acting personB.ugly-looking childC.badly-behaved studentD.strangely-shaped creature答案 D4.What can be inferred from the passage?A.The agreement was between the donator and the family.B.The boy wa

10、s so popular that he was made class president.C.Finally the boy came to know who the donator was.D.The mother donated her ears to her son after she died.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，那个男孩在母亲去世，父亲撩开母亲的头发时最终知道了是母亲把耳朵给了他。故选 C。 35.What moral lesson can we draw from this reading?A.Real love lies in what is done

11、unknown rather than what is done known.B.It is up to parents to help their children heart and soul.C.True beauty lies only in the heart not in appearance.D.It is a virtue for young generations to learn to be grateful.答案 A解析 推理判断题。本文通过讲述一位伟大的母亲为儿子捐献耳朵并对儿子保守秘密，让我们感受到了母爱的伟大，有时真爱隐藏在深处而不是流露于外表。二、Ask most

12、 people anywhere in the world what they want out of life and the reply will probably be： “to be happy”.Ed Deiner，an American psychology professor，has spent his whole professional life studying what makes people happy，comparing levels of happiness between cultures and trying to find out exactly why w

13、e enjoy ourselves.Many people would say that this question does not need an answer.But Professor Deiner has one anyway.“If youre a cheerful，happy person，your marriage is more likely to last，and youre more likely to make money and be successful at your job.On average，happy people have stronger immune

14、 systems，and there is some evidence that they live longer.”So who are the worlds happiest people？It depends on how the word is defined.There is individual happiness，the sense of joy we get when we do something we like.But there is also the feeling of satisfaction we get when we know that others resp

15、ect us and approve of how we behave.According to Professor Deiner，the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.“In the West，the individualistic culture means that your mood matters much more than it does in the East.People ask themselves if they are doing wha

16、t is fun or interesting.They become unhappy when they cant do any of these things.If you ask people from Japan or China if they are happy，they tend to look at what has gone wrong in their lives.If not much has gone wrong，then they are satisfied.”People from Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries

17、 had the happiest culture，Professor Deiner found.“The biggest cultural difference is to do with pride and shame.Hispanic(西班牙语的) cultures report much more pride and much less shame than others.”4Income also made a big difference to peoples happiness，but only at the lowest levels.Average income earner

18、s in the US were much happier than people in poverty.But millionaires were only a little bit happier than people on average incomes.It seems that money makes us happy when we have enough to feel secure.6.According to the passage，happy people enjoy the following benefits EXCEPT .A.a long marriage B.r

19、espect from othersC.profession success D.better health答案 B解析 细节理解题。由第二段第三、四句“If youre a cheerful，happy person，your marriage is more likely to last，and youre more likely to make money and be successful at your job.On average，happy people have stronger immune systems，and there is some evidence that th

20、ey live longer.”可知，快乐的人婚姻更长久，工作更成功，寿命也更长。即长久的婚姻、健康、事业成功都属于快乐带来的好处。文中并未提到快乐可以给人带来尊重。7.In Professor Deiners opinion， .A.Asians have a culture to enjoy individual happinessB.Westerners care more about mutual satisfaction than AsiansC.Asians focus more on others respect and approval than WesternersD.Wes

21、terners value individual happiness as much as mutual satisfaction答案 C解析 推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“According to Professor Deiner，the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.”可知，Deiner 认为西方人更追求个人的快乐，而亚洲人却追求双向满意。由此可推知，亚洲人比西方人更在意别人的尊重和认同。8.What can be inferred from the fif

22、th paragraph?A.Attitude towards pride and shame results in Spanish happiness.B.Spanish people take too much pride in themselves.C.Hispanic cultures lay stress on pride and shame.D.If you are from Spain，you are the happiest.答案 A解析 推理判断题。第五段大意为“来自西班牙和以西班牙语为母语国家的人拥有最快乐的文化，Deiner发现最大的文化差别在于对骄傲和耻辱的态度，西班牙

23、文化比其他文化更强调骄傲而非耻辱” 。由5此可推知，对骄傲和耻辱的态度造就了西班牙语文化的快乐属性，所以 A项正确。9.In the last paragraph，the author seems to tell us .A.poor people enjoy the same happiness as millionairesB.the higher income one gets，the happier life he livesC.average income earners live the happiest lifeD.enough money can make us feel sa

24、fe and happy答案 D解析 推理判断题。最后一段大意为“收入也会导致快乐程度的不同，美国中产阶层比贫穷阶层过得更快乐，但百万富翁只比中产阶层快乐一点点，钱会使人快乐是因为当我们拥有足够的钱时我们会有安全感。 ”由此可知，作者在最后一段表达了“足够多的钱会让人们感到快乐和安全”这样一种看法，所以 D项正确；但此段并无“钱越多人就越快乐”之意，B 项将“足够多的钱能让人快乐”和“钱越多人越快乐”混为一谈，所以 B项错误。10.The passage is mainly about .A.cultural differences in happinessB.the happiest cul

25、tureC.reasons for happinessD.benefits of happiness答案 C三、Many public figures from IT，show business，and sports have joined the Ice Bucket Challenge to raise money for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)(肌萎缩性侧索硬化) research.A number of international famous people have already taken the challenge，includi

26、ng Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates，Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg， A founder and CEO Jeff Bezos，and Apple Inc.CEO Tim Cook.Troubled musician Justin Bieber even challenged US President Barack Obama.The ALS Ice Bucket Challenge requires that participants pour a bucket of ice water on themselves and then

27、 post a video of it on social media while nominating one or more people 6to do the same within 24 hours.People who fail to take the challenge will have to donate 100 to The ALS Association，which advocates finding treatment and a cure for ALS.And many of those whove taken the challenge donated as wel

28、l.ALS is a rare disease that gradually reduces patients muscle strength，finally making them become unable to speak，move，swallow and breathe.In North America，ALS is commonly known as Lou Gehrigs disease，after the star baseball player who died of the disease in 1941 at the age of 38.The best-known ALS

29、 patient today is British scientist Stephen Hawking.While most people with ALS survive only two to five years after diagnosis(诊断)，Hawking has had the disease for decades.The medical treatment for ALS is very expensive and cannot be covered by most social welfare programs.This creates difficulties fo

30、r many ALS patients and their families，both physically and mentally.“Due to the ice bucket campaign，many people are beginning to know about ALS.With more people aware and more people taking part in the fight against ALS，we can calmly work with not only other ALS organizations，but also with medical c

31、ompanies to speed up new treatments for people affected by the disease， ” said Barbara Newhouse，President and CEO of The ALS Association.31.Why does the author mention many famous people in Paragraph 1?A.To stress the popularity of the Ice Bucket Challenge.B.To advise us to learn from them.C.To prov

32、e they are generous.D.To introduce the target group of the Ice Bucket Challenge.答案 A解析 推理判断题。文章第一段主要介绍很多名人都参与了冰桶挑战，故可推知作者意在通过列举名人吸引读者注意，突出强调冰桶挑战的流行，进而引出下文对冰桶挑战及背景的介绍，故 A项正确。32.Paragraph 2 is mainly about the Ice Bucket challenges .A.influence B.purposeC.rules D.development答案 C解析 段落大意题。第二段主要讲的是冰桶挑战要求

33、参与者要将一桶冰水倒在自己身上，并在社交媒体上发布一个视频，提名一个或更多的人在 24小时内做同样的事情，那些没有完成挑战的人要捐 100美7元给 ALS机构。因此，第二段主要讲的是冰桶挑战的规则，rules 符合文意。influence 意为“影响” ；purpose意为“目的” ；development 意为“发展” ，均不符合文意。33.The person who is nominated for the challenge is required to .A.donate 100 to The ALS AssociationB.watch others videos on socia

34、l mediaC.help find effective treatments for ALSD.pour ice water on himself within time答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The ALS Ice Bucket Challenge requires that participants pour a bucket of ice water on themselves and then post a video of it on social media while nominating one or more people to do the same w

35、ithin 24 hours.”可知，被提名参加冰桶挑战的人要在规定时间内把冰水倒在自己身上。34.What do we know about ALS from the text?A.ALS is fairly common now.B.Lou Gehrig was first cured of ALS.C.It is rare for people with ALS to survive decades.D.Social welfare programs provide medical treatments for ALS.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“While most p

36、eople with ALS survive only two to five years after diagnosis(诊断).”可知，大多数患有 ALS的人在确诊后一般只活了 2到 5年。故可推知，很少患有 ALS的人能够活数十年，故 C项正确。35.According to Barbara Newhouse，the Ice Bucket Challenge .A.makes more people well aware of ALSB.teaches people how to fight against ALSC.makes medical companies help ALS pa

37、tientsD.attracts many people to join ALS organizations答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句 Due to the ice bucket campaign，many people are beginning to know about ALS.可知，冰桶挑战使很多人了解了 AL四、One hundred grandmothers were asked how good manners had changed since they were 8children，what they expected of their own childr

38、en when they were growing up and how their grandchildren behave today.Although the grannies were united in the belief that good manners cost nothing，they unwillingly came to the conclusion that all the old little courtesies(礼节) are gradually being erased.Some children are not taught simple good mann

39、ers by their parents，in the belief that they should be free to express themselves.Manners at mealtimes revealed the greatest inter-generational difference.While 92 percent of grandparents and 87 percent of their children sat down at the table with all the family to eat at least once a day，nowadays t

40、his applies to just 54 percent of children.Traditional family mealtimes have been on a slippery slope for many years and this survey reveals an apparent corresponding decline in table manners.One grandmother said：“My grandchildren have bad table manners as they havent been taught by their parents.”

41、Only 49 percent of children today have to ask to get down from the table compared with 89 percent of their grandparents and 80 percent of their parents.Keeping your elbows off the table is almost totally unnecessary，with just 19 percent of grandchildren still expected to stick to the old rule.Howeve

42、r，some parents are still keeping family mealtimes alive，with even the smallest children joining them at the table in their highchairs whether it is their mealtime or not.Although some little courtesies may no longer be encouraged today，good old fashioned “please” and “thank you” seem to have weather

43、ed the storm.Nevertheless，there has been a big downturn in writing thank-you letters，from 86 percent of grandparents to just 35 percent of grandchildren putting pen to paper today.A final word from one wise grandmother：“If there werent rules there would be nothing for kids to break，no risk to take，n

44、o scars to show for mistakes.Rules let you fly.”1.Which of the following would some modern parents most probably agree with?A.Good manners are very important.B.Kids should show who they truly are.C.It is easy for kids to learn good manners.D.Kids should learn from their grandparents.答案 B92.According

45、 to the survey,81 percent of kids .A.put their elbows on the table B.usually eat in their highchairsC.have meals with all the familyD.ask permission to leave the table答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“Keeping your elbows off the table is almost totally unnecessary，with just 19 percent of grandchildren still exp

46、ected to stick to the old rule.”可知，根据调查，只有 19%的孩子仍希望遵守旧规则，而剩下 81%的孩子把胳膊肘放在桌子上。3.What might many kids be encouraged to do?A.Apologize sincerely face to face.B.Show appreciation by writing letters.C.Talk about the weather with strangers.D.Express thankfulness in spoken words.答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“N

47、evertheles s，there has been a big downturn in writing thank-you letters，from 86 percent of grandparents to just 35 percent of grandchildren putting pen to paper today.”可知，被要求写感谢信的比例有所下降。故可以推测出，孩子被鼓励口头表达谢意。 4.What is the authors attitude towards sticking to traditional courtesies?A.He is uncertain ab

48、out it.B.He is mildly critical.C.He approves of it.D.He is strongly against it.答案 C解析 观点态度题。阅读全文，根据文章最后一段“A final word from one wise 10grandmother：If there werent rules there would be nothing for kids to break，no risk to take，no scars to show for mistakes.Rules let you fly.”可以看出，作者对于坚持传统的礼节是支持的。5.Wh

49、ich of the following can be the best title for the text?A.How to Express Yourself?B.Change the Unnecessary RulesC.Are Good Manners a Thing of the Past?D.Grandmothers Caring for Grandkids答案 C解析 标题归纳题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，有一百位祖母被问到，从她们小时候至今，礼貌有多大改变，她们对自己的孩子成长中的期望以及她们的子孙们今天的行为如何。本文以此展开，主要讲述了礼节不只是过去的事情。五、Charity Cycling UK recently launched a campaign to raise awareness of dooring after discovering that many people dont know what it is.Dooring is when a driver or passenger opens the door into another road usertypically a c