1、1专题四 名词性从句名词性从句 (主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中连接词的运用名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词 that/whether/if，连接代词what/who/which/whose/ whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。1.that的用法。(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用 that但不能省略。That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont ha
2、ve enough money.The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词 that可省略，但在以下几种情况中 that一般不省略：(A)当 that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；(B)有多个 that引导的从句时，第一个 that可以省略，而其他的 that常不可省略；(C)介词 except，but，besides，in 等后跟 that引导的宾语从句时；(D)当 when，who，what，where，why，how 等引导的从句与that引
3、导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。He judged that，because he was a child，he did not understand wine.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.(3)that和 what的区别。that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而 what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what 可以分解成定语从句中的2“
4、先行词关系代词” ，即常说的“先行词that/which/who” 。Its a shame that he has made such a mistake.I will do what I can (do) to help him.(4)同位语从句与定语从句中 that的区别。同位语从句中的连接词 that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词 that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词 that而不能用 which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggesti
5、on，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea 等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句) 2.whether和 if的用法。(1)whether和 if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用 whether。It all depends on whet
6、her they will come back.(2)后面直接跟 or not 时用 whether。I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用 whether。Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if 则不能。We ought to discuss car
7、efully the question whether we can do it or not.(5)whether常与 or连用表示一种选择，if 不能这样用；whether 也可与动词不定式连用但 if不能。The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用 whether不用 if。Thank you，but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the
8、moment.(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管” 、 “无论” ，而 if不能。Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.3.疑问词-ever 和 no matter疑问词的区别。(1)疑问词-ever 可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。3Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.(2)疑问词-ever 还可引导让步状语从句。Whoever breaks the r
9、ule，he must be punished.Whatever you do，you must do it well.(3)no matter疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。No matter what you do，you must put your heart into it.No matter who comes late，he must be punished.4.when和 where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和 where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则 when和 where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。They put forward the qu
10、estion where they could get the money.(同位语从句)This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句)主语从句的核心考点1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用 it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2.that引导主语从句时可用 it作形式主语，that 不可省；what 引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时，一般不用 it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever 一般也不用it作形式主语。That she will succeed is certain.It is ce
11、rtain that she will succeed.What he needs is more experience.常见的 it替代 that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：(1)It系动词形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal 等)that 从句It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity，a
12、shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder 等)that 从句Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.(3)Itbe过去分词4(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well-known，announced 等)that 从句It is said that the professor has already succeeded in ca
13、rrying out the experiment.(4)It特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)that 从句It happened to me that I had been away when he called.注意：(1)在“It is necessary/important/strange/natural.that 从句”结构中，从句谓语常用“(should)动词原形”形式。(2)在“Itbesuggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required.that 从句”结构中，that 从句谓语应用“(shou
14、ld)动词原形” 。题组训练 1用适当的连接词填空1.What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.2.It is obvious that youve made a big mistake.3.It was never clear that the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.4.Why he did that wasnt quite clear.5.It is still under discussion whether the old bus station
15、should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.宾语从句的核心考点1.动词的宾语从句(1)大多数动词(hope，tell，say 等)可以带宾语从句。We all expect that they will win，for members of their team are stronger.I dont think you are right.I dont suppose he cares，does he?(2)动词 find，feel，think，consider，make，believe 等后有宾语补足语时，则需要 it作形式宾语而将 that
16、宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.(3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加 it。这类动词(短语)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to 等。I hate it when they talk with their mouths full.2.一般情况下介词后只能用 wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。5We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.注意：(1)where
17、引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived.(2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在 except，in，but 等介词后偶尔可能用到。Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose.(3)sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised 等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。Im sure that they will make it i
18、n spite of the terrible weather.题组训练 2用适当的连接词填空1.The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.2.Weve offered her the job，but I dont know whether/if shell accept it.3.The villagers have already known what well do is to rebuild the bridge.4.His writing is so confusing that it
19、s difficult to make out what it is he is trying to express.5.Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach how they should read first.表语从句的核心考点1.主句的主语是 idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement 等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”的形式。His suggestion is that we (should) change our c
20、ourse.2.主语为名词 reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用 that，而不用 why或 because。The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much.3.because，as if，as though，as，like 等连接词也可引导表语从句。He has heart disease.That is because he has been smoking too much.题组训练 3用适当的连接词填空1.I am afraid hes more
21、 of a talker than a doer，which is why he never finishes anything.2.Id like to start my own businessthats what Id do if I had the money.3.The reason why he didnt go to school was that he fell ill.4.He came late.That was because he got up late.65.The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the p
22、roduct.同位语从句的核心考点同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词的内容的从句。1.能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought 等。2.同位语从句一般用 that引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或 whether引导。I have no idea what has happened to him.3.有时同位语
23、从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.题组训练 4用适当的连接词填空1.There is clear evidence that the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.2.When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.3.I have no idea when t
24、hey will be back and settle down.4.The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is a trend.5.The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.1.By boat is the only way to get here，which is we arrived.
25、(2018江苏，21)A.where B.whenC.why D.how答案 D解析 考查表语从句的引导词。句意为：坐船是到达这里的唯一方法，这就是我们如何(how)到达的。where 表地点；when 表时间；why 表原因；how 表方式。2.Without his support，we wouldnt be we are now.(2018北京，11)A.how B.when7C.where D.why答案 C解析 考查表语从句的引导词。根据句意可知应该选 C项，where 引导表语从句。句意为：假如没有他的支持，我们就不会取得现在的成就。3.This is my father has
26、taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.(2018北京，15)A.how B.whichC.that D.what答案 D解析 考查表语从句的引导词。这是一个含有表语从句的复合句，所选答案在从句中作teach的直接宾语，因此应该选 D项。how 不能用作宾语；which 引导表语从句时意为“哪个，哪些” ，不合逻辑；that 引导表语从句时在从句中不作成分。句意为：这就是父亲教我的总是直面困难，并且抱最大的希望。4.The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first pl
27、ace in the bicycle race.(2018天津，9)A.whomever B.whereverC.whoever D.whatever答案 C解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：金牌将被授予在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。介词 to后是宾语从句，从句中动词 wins前缺主语，而且金牌给的是“人” ，故用 whoever引导宾语从句。whomever 在从句中作宾语，故排除。5.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of it used to charge.(2017江
28、苏，26)A.that B.whichC.what D.how答案 C解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一半。从句意看，本句的 half of部分在句中作 $20 的同位语，由此可知这里要用 what引导宾语从句，作介词 of的宾语，同时 what在宾语从句中又作charge的宾语，因此选 C。6.She asked me I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadnt.(2017天津，4)8A.when B.whereC.whether
29、 D.what答案 C解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：她问我是否(whether)已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认还没还。when 什么时候；where 在哪里；what 什么，均不符合语境。7.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing she was heading.(2017北京，26)A.why B.whereC.how D.when答案 B解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，并不知道要去哪里(where)。why 为什么；how 怎样；when 什么时候。8.Every
30、year， makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017北京，23)A.whatever B.whoeverC.whomever D.whichever答案 B解析 考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。whoever无论谁，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于 anyone who。whomever 在句中只能作宾语，不合题意；whatever 任何的事物；whichever 无论哪个，无论哪些。9.It is often the case anything i
31、s possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江苏，21)A.why B.whatC.as D.that答案 D解析 考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。本句中的 it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，故要用 that引导。10.The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016天津，11)A.whether B.thatC.
32、which D.what 9答案 B解析 考查同位语从句。句意为：经理提了个建议我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明 suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选 B项。11.Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.(2016北京，24)A.However B.WhoeverC.Whatever D.Wherever答案 C解析 考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，无论你们做什么都会有帮助。从句动词 do需要宾语，且引导主语从句，故用
33、whatever，表示“无论什么” 。12. Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it.(2015江苏，25)A.That B.WhyC.Where D.How答案 C解析 考查主语从句。句意为：李白，一个伟大的中国诗人，其出生地是众所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它。 “Where Li Bai.was born”作该句子的主语，表示“李白出生的地方”。13.I truly believe beauty comes from within.(2015北京，33)A.tha
34、t B.whereC.what D.why答案 A解析 考查宾语从句。句意为：我真的相信美来自人的内心。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词，故选 A。14. we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015北京，35)A.Where B.HowC.Why D.When答案 B解析 考查名词性从句的引导词。句意为：我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大10关系。 分析句子结构可知“ we understand things”为主语从句，结合句意可知选 B。15.A ship in harbor is safe，but thats
35、 not ships are built for.(2015安徽，25)A.what B.whomC.why D.when答案 A解析 考查表语从句的引导词。句意为：船停在港口里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。isnt后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的 for后缺少宾语，用 what引导，故选 A。why 和when是连接副词，不能作宾语；whom 指人。16.Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(2015陕西，19)A.what B.thatC.wh
36、y D.how答案 A解析 考查名词性从句。句意为：读了多丽丝莱辛的传记，我对她在文学上获得的成就钦佩不已。分析句子结构可知，介词 for后接的是宾语从句，从句中缺少 achieve的宾语，故用 what引导。17.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015四川，8)A.where B.whyC.what D.which答案 B解析 考查宾语从句。句意为：这个展览告诉了我们为什么我们要阻止空气污染。宾语从句缺少状语，故选项 C、D 错误；where 引导地点状语从句，不符合题意，故选 B，
37、表示“的原因” 。18.What a mess！You are always so lazy!Im not to blame，mum.I am you have made me.(2014江苏，26)A.how B.what C.that D.who答案 B解析 考查名词性从句。句意为：这么乱！你总是这么懒！妈妈，要怪也不应当怪我啊。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。分析句子结构可知，I am后是表语从句，引导词 what在从句中作 me的补足语，相当于 the one/person that，即 I am the one/person that you have made me.。1119.Pick
38、 yourself up.Courage is doing youre afraid to do.(2014福建，34)A.that B.whatC.how D.whether答案 B解析 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导一个宾语从句，且引导词在从句中作 do的宾语，故用 what。20.The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.(2014北京，30)A.where B.whenC.how D.why答案 B解析 考查名词性从句。句意为：对于这位足球明星来说，进球得分的时刻是最好的时刻。
39、was后面为表语从句，是对主语 The best moment的解释说明，表语从句中缺少时间状语，故选 B。1.I suspect Emily was lying when she described the incident，for I know her well.(2018南通、泰州一调，32)A.whether B.thatC.what D.how答案 B解析 suspect 为“怀疑，猜疑” ，引导一个宾语从句，描述的是一件事，用 that。I suspect that.我怀疑。根据句意“我怀疑艾米莉描述这个事件时在说谎” 。故选that。2.Now my hometown is no
40、t at all a traveler who visited it ten years ago can expect.A.that B.what C.which D.where答案 B解析 句意为：现在我的家乡不再是十年前来参观的游客所想象的那样了。通过分析句子可知，who visited it ten years ago为修饰 a traveler的定语从句，what 充当 expect的宾语，引导整个句子 what a traveler who visited it ten years ago can expect作 is12的表语。3.You should first explore
41、your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of you think your real interests lie.(2018盐城中学段考，30)A.that B.what C.where D.how答案 C解析 句意为：你应当首先开发你的天赋，了解自己，以便于列出一个你认为你真正的兴趣所在的地方的名单。此处为 where引导的宾语从句，作为介词 of的宾语，同时 where在宾语从句中作地点状语。故选 C。4.The best student of the year shared his experience of
42、he had managed to achieve excellence in his preparation for the College Entrance Examination.(2018南京高淳区、淮海中学、盐城中学、淳辉高中等 97校联考，32)A.if B.howC.what D.that答案 B解析 if 是否；how 如何；what 什么；that 无实意。句意为：今年最优秀的学生分享了他在准备高考时如何做到优秀的经历。此处表示如何取得优秀的，故选 B。5. says that school years are the best time of ones life is pr
43、obably an adultone whos forgotten the hard work of being at school.(2018无锡高三上期中，35)A.Whatever B.WhicheverC.Whomever D.Whoever答案 D解析 句意为：任何说上学时期是一个人一生中最好的时光的可能是一个成年人一个已经忘了在学校艰苦学习的人。这里用 whoever引导主语从句指代人。故选 D。6.Failure is part of life；its wrong for parents to protect their children from the knowledge t
44、hey have failed.(2018丹阳中学等三校联考，30)A.where B.when C.that D.how答案 C解析 句意为：失败是生活的一部分；父母保护孩子免遭他们已经失败的伤害是错误的。此处是 that引导的同位语从句，说明 knowledge的内容。故选 C。7.Since livestreaming platforms are much of our economys value is created，anything that improves them matters a lot for the new economys overall health.(2018镇
45、江高三上期末，26)A.when B.where C.what D.that13答案 B解析 平台是一个虚拟的地点，即在这个平台上可以。故选 where。8.The rent of our flat will see a 20% rise this year?Yes.Thats I have compromised with the flat owner.(2017南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，32)A.what B.whereC.how D.when答案 B解析 句意为：我们公寓的租金今年会涨 20%？是的。那就是我对房东妥协的地方。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导一个表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语
46、，应用 where作地点状语。故选 B项。9.The problem he will have his college education at home or abroad remains untouched.(2017南京三模，23)A.how B.whetherC.that D.when答案 B解析 句意为：他将在国内还是国外读大学，这个问题仍未提及。分析句子结构可知，本句是同位语从句，用来解释说明 problem。根据句意可知，B 项符合语境。10.Despite difficulties，we must bear in mind we set this goal，stick to i
47、t and move forward regardless.(2018扬州高三上期中，33)A.that B.whyC.when D.where答案 B解析 句意为：尽管困难重重，但我们必须牢记，我们为什么要制定这个目标，坚持到底，不动摇地向前走。why 在从句中作原因状语。根据题意，故选 B。11.World AIDS Day is also important in reminding us that HIV has not gone away，and there are many things still to be done.(2018常熟中学抽测，34)A.which B.whatC
48、.that D./答案 C解析 句意为：世界艾滋病日也提醒我们，艾滋病毒没有消失，还有许多事情要做。句中remind的间接宾语从句有两句，一句是艾滋病毒没有离我们而去，另一句就是还有很多事14要做。and 后的从句与前面一句 that HIV has not gone away并列，从句成分及句意完整，且两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句中，第一个从句引导词 that可以省略，其余的均不能省略，故此句同样用 that引导。故选 C。12.He finds his daughter is quite different from she was five years ago.A.who B.whatC
49、.how D.which答案 B解析 句意为：他觉得女儿与五年前有很大不同。what 引导的从句作介词 from的宾语。what在从句中作 she was的表语。在名词性从句中担当主、表和宾语用 what，而不用that。who 也可以作表语，但 who是“谁”的意思。句意不是“与五年前她是谁有很大不同”而是“与五年前她是什么样有很大不同” ，根据语法和句意，本题只能用 what。13.Push yourself to go beyond your comfort zone because thats life truly does begin.(2018镇江高三上期中，33)A.what B.whereC.which D.whose答案 B解析 句意为：强迫自己
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